Article published In: English World-Wide
Vol. 41:1 (2020) ► pp.33–58
Non-canonical syntax in an Expanding Circle variety
Fronting in spoken Korean(ized) English
Published online: 24 February 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00039.leu
https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00039.leu
Abstract
This paper analyzes fronting constructions in spoken Korean(ized) English. Non-canonical syntax is an important means of structuring discourse, but its use by speakers of Expanding Circle Englishes has so far received only insufficient attention in studies of World Englishes. Taking a corpus-linguistic approach, this study determines to which extent topicalization and left-dislocation are used by South Korean speakers of English in informal conversations. In our explanation of the results, which show that fronting constructions are clearly part of the Korean English repertoire albeit used with varying frequencies, we mainly draw on notions of language contact (i.e. Korean as the substrate being a topic-prominent language) and language acquisition processes.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Non-canonical syntax: Patterns of dislocation to the left
- 2.1Topicalization and left-dislocation as non-canonical structures
- 2.1.1Topicalization
- 2.1.2Left-dislocation
- 2.1.3Topicalization and left-dislocation in World Englishes
- 2.2The case of South Korea
- 2.1Topicalization and left-dislocation as non-canonical structures
- 3.English in Korea
- 3.1Sociohistorical and sociolinguistic background
- 3.2The form(s) of English in Korea
- 4.Data and method
- 5.Results
- 5.1Topicalization
- 5.2Left-dislocation
- 6.Discussion
- 6.1Topic-prominence in language contact
- 6.2Processes of second-language acquisition
- 6.3Variety status
- 7.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
Sources References
References (72)
Du Bois, John W., Wallace L. Chafe, Charles Meyer, Sandra A. Thompson, Robert Englebretson, and Nii Martey. 2000–2005. Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English, Parts 1–4. Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium.
ICE Great Britain. International Corpus of English. Compiled at University College London.
ICE Hong Kong. International Corpus of English. Compiled at The University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
ICE India. International Corpus of English. Compiled at the Shivaji University Kolhapur and the Freie Universität Berlin.
ICE Philippines. International Corpus of English. Compiled at the De La Salle University Manila.
ICE Singapore. International Corpus of English. Compiled at the National University of Singapore.
Ahn, Hyejeong. 2014. “Teachers’ Attitudes towards Korean English in South Korea”. World Englishes 331: 195–222.
. 2017. Attitudes to World Englishes: Implications for Teaching English in South Korea. London: Routledge.
Anthony, Laurence. 2014. AntConc. (Version 3.4.4). Tokyo: Waseda University <[URL]>.
Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad, and Edward Finegan. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
Brown, Nikia and Jeong-Woo Koo. 2015. “Negotiating a Multicultural Identity in Monocultural South Korea: Stigma and the Pressure to Racially ‘Pass’”. Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 151: 45–68.
Buschfeld, Sarah. 2013. English in Cyprus or Cyprus English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Buschfeld, Sarah and Alexander Kautzsch. 2017. “Towards an Integrated Approach to Postcolonial and Non-Postcolonial Englishes”. World Englishes 361: 104–126.
Čermák, František. 2009. “Spoken Corpora Design: Their Constitutive Parameters”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 141: 113–123.
Cho, Jinhyun. 2017. English Language Ideologies in Korea: Interpreting the Past and Present. Cham: Springer.
Cotton, James. 1996. “Korea”. In Anthony Milner, and Mary Quilty, eds. Communities of Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 78–99.
Edwards, Alison. 2016. English in the Netherlands: Functions, Forms and Attitudes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hadikin, Glenn. 2014. Korean English: A Corpus-Driven Study of a New English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hayes, Louis D. 2012. Political Systems of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. New York: M. E. Sharpe.
Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum. 2002. “Preliminaries”. In Rodney Huddleston, and Geoffrey K. Pullum, eds. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–42.
Hundt, Marianne. 2015. “World Englishes”. In Douglas Biber, and Randi Reppen, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of English Corpus Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 381–400.
Jespersen, Otto. 1933. Linguistica: Selected Papers in English, French and German. Copenhagen: Levin and Munksgaard.
Jun, Youngchul. 2015. “Focus, Topic, and Contrast”. In Lucien Brown, and Jaehoon Yeon, eds. The Handbook of Korean Linguistics. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 179–195.
Jung, Euen Hyuk (Sarah). 2004. “Topic and Subject Prominence in Interlanguage Development”. Language Learning 541: 713–738.
Jung, Kyutae and Su J. Min. 1999. “Some Lexico-Grammatical Features of Korean English Newspapers”. World Englishes 181: 23–37.
Jung, Sook K. and Bonny Norton. 2002. “Language Planning in Korea: The New Elementary English Program”. In James W. Tollefson, ed. Language Policies in Education: Critical Issues. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 245–265.
Junghare, Indira Y. 1988. “Topic-Prominence and Zero NP-Anaphora”. In Mohammad Ali Jazayery, and Werner Winter, eds. Languages & Cultures: Studies in Honour of Edgar C. Polomé. Berlin: De Gruyter, 309–327.
Kachru, Braj B. 1985. “Standards, Codification and Sociolinguistic Realism: The English Language in the Outer Circle”. In Randolph Quirk, and Henry G. Widdowson, eds. English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 11–30.
Kim, Jong-Bok. 2016. The Syntactic Structures of Korean – A Construction Grammar Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kim, Stephanie K. and Lupita H. R. Kim. 2012. “The Need for Multicultural Education in South Korea”. In David A. Urias, ed. The Immigration & Education Nexus: A Focus on the Context & Consequences of Schooling. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 243–251.
Krifka, Manfred and Renate Musan. 2012. “Information Structure: Overview and Linguistic Issues”. In Manfred Krifka, and Renate Musan, eds. The Expression of Information Structure. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1–44.
Lambrecht, Knud. 1994. Information Structure and Sentence Form: Topic, Focus, and the Mental Representations of Discourse Referents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lange, Claudia. 2012. The Syntax of Spoken Indian English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lange, Claudia and Tanja Rütten. 2017. “Non-Canonical Grammar!?” Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 651: 243–246.
Leuckert, Sven. 2017. “Typological Interference in Information Structure: The Case of Topicalization in Asia”. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 651: 283–302.
. 2019. Topicalization in Asian Englishes: Forms, Functions, and Frequencies of a Fronting Construction. London: Routledge.
Li, Charles N. and Sandra A. Thompson. 1976. “Subject and Topic: A New Typology of Language”. In Charles N. Li, ed. Subject and Topic. New York: Academic Press, 457–489.
McTague, Mark J. 1990. “A Sociolinguistic Description of Attitudes to and Usage of English by Adult Korean Employees of Major Korean Corporations in Seoul”. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.
Mesthrie, Rajend. 1992. English in Language Shift: The History, Structure and Sociolinguistics of South African Indian English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 1997. “A Sociolinguistic Study of Topicalisation Phenomena in South African Black English”. In Edgar W. Schneider, ed. Englishes around the World. Vol. 2: Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Australasia: Studies in Honour of Manfred Görlach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 119–140.
Mukherjee, Joybrato and Marianne Hundt, eds. 2011. Exploring Second-Language Varieties of English and Learner Englishes: Bridging a Paradigm Gap. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Park, Jin-Kyu. 2009. “‘English Fever’ in South Korea: Its History and Symptoms”. English Today 251: 50–57.
Park, Joseph Sung-Yul. 2009. The Local Construction of a Global Language: Ideologies of English in South Korea. Berlin: De Gruyter.
. 2010. “Language Games on Korean Television: Between Globalization, Nationalism, and Authority”. In Sally Johnson, and Tommaso M. Milani, eds. Language Ideologies and Media Discourse: Texts, Practices, Politics. London: Continuum, 61–78.
. 2015. “Structures of Feeling in Unequal Englishes”. In Ruanni Tupas, ed. Unequal Englishes: The Politics of Englishes Today. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 59–73.
Park, So J. and Nancy Abelmann. 2004. “Class and Cosmopolitan Striving: Mothers’ Management of English Education in South Korea”. Anthropology Quarterly 771: 645–672.
Prince, Ellen F. 1998. “On the Limits of Syntax, with Reference to Left-Dislocation and Topicalization”. In Peter Culicover, and Louise McNally, eds. Syntax and Semantics 29: The Limits of Syntax. New York: Academic Press, 281–302.
Rohdenburg, Günter. 1996. “Cognitive Complexity and Increased Grammatical Explicitness in English”. Cognitive Linguistics 71: 149–182.
Rüdiger, Sofia. 2014. “The Nativization of English in the Korean Context: Uncharted Territory for World Englishes”. English Today 301: 11–14.
. 2016. “Cuppa Coffee? Challenges and Opportunities of Compiling a Conversational English Corpus in an Expanding Circle Setting”. In Hanna Christ, Daniel Klenovšak, Lukas Sönning, and Valentin Werner, eds. A Blend of MaLT: Selected Contributions from the Methods and Linguistic Theories Symposium 2015. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press, 49–71.
. 2019. Morpho-Syntactic Patterns in Spoken Korean English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. fc. “Applying the Extra- and Intraterritorial Forces Model to East Asia: A Case Study of the South Korean Context”. In Sarah Buschfeld, and Alexander Kautzsch, eds. Modelling Current Linguistic Realities of English World-Wide: The Extra- and Intra-Territorial Forces Model Put to the Test. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Schlobinski, Peter and Stephan Schütze-Coburn. 1992. “On the Topic of Topic and Topic Continuity”. Linguistics 301: 89–121.
Schneider, Edgar W. 2007. Postcolonial English: Varieties around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2012. “Exploring the Interface between World Englishes and Second Language Acquisition – And Implications for English as a Lingua Franca”. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 11: 57–91.
Seong, Sang-Hwan. 1997. “On Some Regularities of Subject and Topic Prominence”. The SNU Journal of Education Research 71: 79–97.
Shim, Doobo and Joseph Sung-Yul Park. 2008. “The Language Politics of ‘English Fever’ in South Korea”. Korea Journal 481: 136–159.
Shim, Rosa J. 1999. “Codified Korean English: Process, Characteristics and Consequence”. World Englishes 181: 247–258.
Siemaszko, Corky. 2017. “Meet the Americans on the Front Line if North Korea Goes to War”. NBC News April 14, 2017 <[URL]> (accessed October 27, 2017).
Song, Jae J. 2016. “A Rose by Any Other Name? Learner English and Variety-Status Labelling: The Case of English in South Korea”. English Today 321: 56–62.
Sridhar, Kamal K. and Shikaripur N. Sridhar. 1986. “Bridging the Paradigm Gap: Second Language Acquisition Theory and Indigenized Varieties of English”. World Englishes 51: 3–14.
Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt, Jason Grafmiller, Benedikt Heller, and Melanie Röthlisberger. 2016. “Around the World in Three Alternations: Modeling Syntactic Variation in Varieties of English”. English World-Wide 371: 109–137.
Taylor, Insup and M. Martin Taylor. 2014. Writing and Literacy in Chinese, Korean and Japanese. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Wald, Benji. 1996. “Substratal Effects on the Evolution of Modals in East LA English”. In Jennifer Arnold, Renée Blake, Brad Davidson, Scott Schwenter, and Julie Solomon, eds. Sociolinguistic Variation: Data, Theory, and Analysis. Selected Papers from NWAV 23 at Stanford. Stanford: CSLI, 515–530.
Ward, Gregory and Betty J. Birner. 2004. “Information Structure and Non-Canonical Syntax”. In Laurence R. Horn, and Gregory Ward, eds. The Handbook of Pragmatics. Malden: Blackwell, 153–174.
Ward, Gregory, Betty J. Birner, and Rodney Huddleston. 2002. “Information Packaging”. In Rodney Huddleston, and Geoffrey K. Pullum, eds. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1363–1448.
Williams, Jessica. 1987. “Non-Native Varieties of English: A Special Case of Language Acquisition”. English World-Wide 81: 161–199.
Cited by (8)
Cited by eight other publications
Fujiwara, Yasuhiro, Takanori Iwao, Hajime Ito & Kiyoshi Naka
Namboodiripad, Savithry
Neumaier, Theresa
2023. New Englishes and Conversation Analysis. In New Englishes, New Methods [Varieties of English Around the World, G68], ► pp. 65 ff.
Wang, Xin & Rahim Khan
Li, XiuJu
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 9 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
