Cover not available

In:Language and Social Interaction at Home and School:
Edited by Letizia Caronia
[Dialogue Studies 32] 2021
► pp. 193–220

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
authorization required

Chapter 5
Language, interaction, and culture at school

An overview

 | University of Bologna
 | University of Bologna
Published online: 13 October 2021
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/ds.32.05car
Abstract
The chapter provides an overview of selected studies that, from the mid-twentieth century, have variously dealt with classroom language, interaction, and culture. Moving from the recognition that schools represent (at least in western societies) a major site for children’s socialization into the adult world, several ethnographic accounts of how this process concretely takes place in and through everyday classroom practices are presented and discussed. As the chapter illustrates, the focus on situated language use allows to appreciate how school is a lieu where the micro-macro dialectic emerges with particular evidence. Specifically, the chapter reports on research dealing with (a) classroom’ typical interactional structures, (b) teachers’ and pupils’ communicative practices, and (c) the interactional competence needed to appropriately participate in classroom everyday activities. An appraisal of the challenges that this multifaceted research field is facing in contemporary societies concludes the article.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Studying the language of education: An historical background
  • 3.The ethnography of schooling
  • 4.Teaching and learning as socially organized communicative activities
    • 4.1On doing “being the teacher”: Three resources for pursuing an answer
    • 4.2On doing “being the teacher”: Assessing and the ratification of knowledge in instructional sequences
    • 4.3Communicating in the classroom: The interactional competences of the students
  • 5.Language as a learning object and language as a learning tool: The case of second language acquisition
  • 6.Contemporary challenges
  • Notes
  • References
References (127)
References
Atkinson, Dwight. 2011a. “Introduction: Cognitivism and second language acquisition.” In Alternative approaches to second language acquisition, ed. by Dwight Atkinson, 1–23. London: Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2011b. “A sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition. How mind, body, and world work together in learning additional languages.” In Alternative approaches to second language acquisition, ed. by Dwight Atkinson, 143–166. London: Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Baquedano-Lòpez, Patricia and Shlomy Kattan. 2008. “Language Socialization at school.” In Encyclopedia of Language and Education 8, 161–173.Dordrecht: Springer-Kluwer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, Usree and Laura Sterponi. 2020. “The morning assembly: constructing subjecthood, authority, and knowledge through classroom discourse in an Indian school”. In Language Socialization in Classrooms: Culture, Interaction, and Language Development, ed. by Matthew Burdelski and Kathrine, M. Howard, 181–199. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Block, David. 2003. The Social Turn in Second Language Acquisition. Washington, DC: Georgetown University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre and Jean-Claude Passeron. 1977. Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre and Loic Wacquant. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Cambridge, Polity Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bruner, Jerome. 1986. Actual Minds, Possible Worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1996. The Culture of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Burdelski, Matthew and Kathrine M. Howard. 2020. Language Socialization in Classrooms: Culture, Interaction, and Language Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Canale, Michael and Merrill Swain. 1980. “Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing.” Applied Linguistics 1(1): 1–47. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Caronia, Letizia and Stefano Besoli. 2018. “Il canone fenomenologico e lo studio del mondo sociale.” In Il senso della realtà. L'orizzonte della fenomenologia nello studio del mondo sociale, ed. by Stefano Besoli and Letizia Caronia, 7–35. Macerata: Quodlibet.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Caronia, Letizia and Franca Orletti. 2019. “The agency of language in Institutional Talk. An Introduction.” Language and Dialogue 9(1): 1–27.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cazden, Courtney B. 1986. “Classroom discourse.” In Handbook of Research on Teaching, ed. by Merlin C. Wittrock, 432–463. New Yok: McMillan.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1988. Classroom Discourse. The Language of Teaching and Learning. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cazden, Courtney B., Vera John, and Dell Hymes (eds.). 1972. Functions of Language in the Classroom. New York: Teacher College Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cekaite, Asta. 2007. “A child's development of interactional competence in a Swedish L2 classroom.” The Modern Language Journal 91(1): 45–62. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cekaite, Asta and Ann-Carita Evaldsson. 2017. “Language policies in play: Learning ecologies in multilingual preschool interactions among peers and teachers.” Multilingua 36(4): 451–475. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cook-Gumperz, Jenny, William Corsaro, and Jurgen Streeck (eds.). 1986. Children’s Worlds and Children’s Language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Corsaro, William. 1985. Friendship and Peer Culture in the Early Years. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1992. “Interpretive reproduction in children’s peer culture.” Social Psychology Quarterly 55(2): 160–177. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Davidson, Christina. 2015. “’Don’ttell him just help him’: Restricted interactional activity during classroom writing lesson”. In Producing and Managing Restricted Activities, ed. by Fabienne H. G. Chevalier and John Moore, 181–204. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Delamont, Sara and David Hamilton (eds.). 1984. “Revisiting Classroom research: A Contnuing cautionary tale”. In Readings on Interaction in the Classroom, ed. by Sara Delamont, 3–38. London and New York: Methuen.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Denham, Carolyn and Ann Lieberman (eds.). 1980. Time to Learn. Washington DC: National Institute of Education.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Douglas Fir Group. 2016. “A transdisciplinary framework for SLA in a multilingual world.” The Modern Language Journal 100 (Supplement): 19–47. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Drew, Paul and John Heritage. 1992. “Analyzing Talk at Work: An Introduction”. In Talk at Work. Interaction in Institutional Settings, ed. by Paul Drew and John Heritage, 3–65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Duff, Patricia A. 1995. “An ethnography of communication in immersion classrooms in Hungary.” TESOL Quarterly 29: 505–537. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2012. “Second Language Socialization.” In The handbook of language socialization, ed. by Alessandro Duranti, Elinor Ochs, and Bambi Schieffelin, 564–586. Malden, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Duff, Patricia A. and Steven Talmy. 2011. “Language socialization approaches to second language acquisition: Social, cultural and linguistic development in additional languages.” In Alternative approaches to second language acquisition, ed. by Dwight Atkinson, 95–116. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Erickson, Frederick. 1996. “Going for the zone: The social and cognitive ecology of teacher-student interaction in classroom conversations”. In Discourse, learning, and schooling, ed. by Deborah Hichs, 29–62. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Erikson, Frederick and Gerald Mohatt. 1982. “Cultural Organization of Participation Structures in two Classroom of Indian Students”. In Doing the Ethnography of Schooling. Educational Anthropology in Action, ed. by George Spindler, 132–175. New York/ Chicago: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ervin-Tripp, Susan M. and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan (eds.). 1977. Child Discourse. New York: Academic.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Eskildsen, Søren W. and Ali Reza Majlesi. 2018. “Learnables and teachables in second language talk: Advancing a social reconceptualization of central SLA tenets. Introduction to the special issue.” The Modern Language Journal 102(Supplement): 3–10.. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fasulo, Alessandra and Clotilde Pontecorvo 1999. Come si dice? Linguaggio e apprendimento in famiglia e a scuola. Rome: Carocci.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Figueroa, Ariana Mangual and Patricia Baquedano-Lòpez 2017. “Language Socialization and Schooling.” In Language Socialization (3rd edition), ed. by Patricia Duff and Stephen May, 141–154. Cham, Switzerland: Dordrecht: Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Firth, Alan and Johannes Wagner. 1997. “On discourse, communication, and (some) fundamental concepts in SLA research.” Modern Language Journal 81(3): 285–300. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2007. “Second/Foreign Language Learning as a Social Accomplishment: Elaborations on a Reconceptualized SLA.” The Modern Language Journal 91: 800–819. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Flanders, Ned A. 1970. Analysing Teacher Behaviour. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wiley.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Frawley, William and James P. Lantolf. 1985. “Second language discourse: A Vygotskyan perspective.” Applied Linguistics 6: 19–44. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Furlong, Viv. 1976. “Interaction sets in the classroom: Towards a study of pupil knowledge”. In Explorations in Classroom Observation, ed. by Michael Stubbs and Sara Delamont, 23–44. London: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Galatolo, Renata, Erika Vassallo, and Letizia Caronia. 2015. “ ‘Je m’en mets toute seule’. Séquences d’étayage dans les repas de famille.” Bulletin suisse de linguistique appliquée 101: 117–135.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gardner, Rod. 2013. “Conversation analysis in the classroom context.” In The Handbook of Conversation Analysis, ed. by Jack Sidnell and Tanya Stivers, 593–611. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2019. “Classroom Interaction Research: The State of the Art.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 52(3): 212–226. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Garrett, Paul B., and Patricia Baquedano-López. 2002. “Language Socialization: Reproduction and Continuity, Transformation and Change.” Annual Review of Anthropology 31(1): 339–361. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Garrett, Paul B. 2005. “What a language is good for: Language socialization, language shift, and the persistence of code-specific genres in St. Lucia.” Language in Society 34(3): 327–361.. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2007. “Language Socialization and the (re)Production of Bilingual Subjectivities.” In Bilingualism: A Social Approach, ed. by Monica Heller, 233–256. New York: Palgrave. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1984. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley: University of California.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving. 1981. Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goodwin, Charles and Marjorie H. Goodwin. 2004. “Participation.” In A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, ed. by Alessandro Duranti, 222–244. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Green, Judith and Cynthia Wallat (eds.). 1981. Ethnography and Language in Educational Settings. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hall, Joan K. 2018. “From L2 interactional competence to L2 interactional repertoires: Reconceptualising the objects of L2 learning.” Classroom Discourse 9(1): 25–39. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hall, Joan K., John Hellermann, and Simona Pekarek Doehler (eds.). 2011. L2 Interactional Competence and Development. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hammersley, Martyn. 1983. The Ethnography of Schooling: Methodological Issues. Nafferton: Open University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1990. Classroom Ethnography. Milton Keynes/Philadelphia: Open University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hammersely, Martyn and Peter Woods (eds.). 1984. Life in School. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hargraves, David H. 1980. “The occupational culture of teachers.” In Teacher Strategies: Explorations in the Sociology of the School, ed. by Peter Woods. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heath, Shirley B. 1982. “Questioning at Home and at School: A Comparative Study”. In Doing the ethnography of Schooling. Educational Anthropology in Action, ed. by George Spindler, 102–131. New York/ Chicago: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heller, Vivien. 2016. “Meanings at hand: Coordinating semiotic resources in explaining mathematical terms in classroom discourse.” Classroom Discourse 7(3): 253–275. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hellermann, John. 2009. “Looking for evidence of language learning in practices for repair: A case study of self-initiated self-repair by an adult learner of English.” Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 53: 113–132. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hellermann, John, Søren W. Eskildsen, Simona Pekarek Doehler, and Arja Piirainen–Marsh (eds.). 2018. Conversation analytic research on L2 interaction in the wild: The complex ecology of learning-in-action. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heritage, John and David Greatbatch. 1991. “On the Institutional Character of Institutional Talk: The Case of News Interviews”. In Talk and Social Structure, ed. by Dierdre Boden and Don H. Zimmerman, 93–137. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hicks, Deborah (ed.). 1996. Discourse, Learning, and Schooling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hutchby, Ian, Michelle O’Reilly, and Nicola Parker. 2012. “Ethics in praxis: Negotiating the presence and functions of a video camera in family therapy.” Discourse Studies 14(6): 675–690.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hutchins, Edwin. 1995. Cognition in the Wild. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hymes, Dell. 1962. “The ethnography of speaking.” Anthropology and Human Behavior 13(53): 11–74.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1974. “Ways of speaking.” In Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking, ed. by Richard Bauman and Joel Sherzer, 433–452. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jefferson, Gail. 1990. “List-construction as a task and a resource.” In Interaction Competence, ed. by George Psathas, 63–92. Washington, DC: University Press of America.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jakonen, Teppo. 2018. “The environment of a bilingual classroom as an interactional resource.” Linguistics and Education 44: 20–30.. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kasper, Gabriele. 2009. “Locating cognition in second language interaction and learning: Inside the skull or in public view?” International Journal of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 47(1): 11–36.. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kimura, Daisuke, Taiane Malabarba, and Joan K. Hall. 2018. “Data collection considerations for classroom interaction research: a conversation analytic perspective.” Classroom Discourse 9(3): 185–204. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Koshik, Irene. 2002. “Designedly incomplete utterances: A pedagogical practice for eliciting knowledge displays in error correction sequences”. Research on Language and Social Interaction 35(3): 277–309.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kramsch, Claire (ed.). 2002. Language acquisition and language socialization: Ecological perspectives. London: Continuum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kyratzis, Amy and Jenny Cook-Gumperz. 2015. “Child discourse”. In The Handbook of Discourse Analysis: Vol. I, ed. by Deborah Tannen, Heidi E. Hamilton, and Deborah Schiffrin, 681–704. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kyratzis, Amy and Marjorie H. Goodwin. 2017. “Language Socialization in Children’s Peer and Sibling-Kin Group Interactions.” In Language Socialization, ed. by Patricia A. Duff and Stephen May, 123–138. New York: Dordrecht: Springer.. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kulick, Don and Bambi B. Schieffelin. 2004. “Language socialization.” In A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, ed. by Alessandro Duranti, 349–368. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lantolf, James P. and Steven L. Thorne. 2006. Sociocultural Theory and the Genesis of Second Language Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lee, Yo-An. 2007. “Third turn position in teacher talk: contingency and the work of teaching.” Journal of Pragmatics 39: 1204–1230. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lerner, Gene. 1995. “Turn design and the organization of participation in instructional activities.” Discourse Processes 19: 111–131. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Macbeth, Douglas. 1990. “Classroom order as practical action: The making and unmaking of a quiet reproach.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 11(2): 189–214. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1991. “Teacher authority as practical action.” Linguistics and Education 3(4): 281–313. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Macbeth Douglas. 2001. “On ‘reflexivity’ in qualitative research: Two readings and a third.” Qualitative Inquiry 7, 1: 35–68. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Macbeth, Douglas. 2004. “The Relevance of Repair in Classroom Correction.” Language in Society 33(5): 703–736. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2011. “Understanding ‘understanding’ as an instructional matter.” Journal of Pragmatics 43(2): 438–451. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Margutti, Piera. 2006. “’Are you human beings?’ Order and knowledge construction through questioning in primary classroom interaction.” Linguistics and Education 17: 313–346. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2010. “On Designedly Incomplete Utterances: What Counts as Learning for Teachers and Students in Primary Classroom Interaction.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 43(4): 315–345. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Margutti, Piera and Paul Drew. 2014. “Positive evaluation of student answers in classroom instruction.” Language and Education 28(5): 436–458. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Markee, Numa P. 2000. Conversation Analysis. Abingdon: Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2008. “Toward a learning behavior tracking methodology for CA-for-SLA.” Applied Linguistics 29(3): 404–427. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McHoul, Alec. 1978. “The organization of turns at formal talk in the classroom.” Language and Society 7: 183–213. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1990. “The Organization of Repair in Classroom Talk.” Language in Society 19: 349–377. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mehan, Hugh. 1979. Learning Lessons: Social Organization in the Classroom. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
, 1987. “What time is it Denise?”, Theory into Practice 18(4): 285–294. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mökkönen, Alicia C. 2015. “Newcomers navigating language choice and seeking voice: Peer talk in a multilingual primary school classroom in Finland.” Anthropology & Education Quarterly 44(2): 124–141. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mondada, Lorenza and Simona Pekarek Doehler. 2004. “Second language acquisition as situated practice: Task accomplishment in the French second language classroom.” The Modern Language Journal 88(4): 501–518. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ochs, Elinor, Tamar Kremer-Sadlik, Karen G. Sirota, and Olga Solomon. 2004. “Autism and the social world: an anthropological perspective.” Discourse Studies 6: 147–183. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ochs, Elinor, Olga Solomon, and Laura Sterponi. 2005. “Limitations and transformations of habitus in child-directed communication.” Discourse Studies 7: 547–583. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
O’Connors, Mary Catherine and Sarah Michaels. 1996. “Shifting participant frameworks: Orhestrating thinking practiics in group discussion”. In Discourse, Learning, and Schooling, ed. by Deborah Hichs, 63–103. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pallotti, Gabriele. 2001. “External Appropriations as a Strategy for Participating in Intercultural Multi-Party Conversations.” In Culture in Communication: Analyses of Intercultural Situations, ed. by Aldo Di Luzio, Susanne Günthner, and Franca Orletti, 295–334. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Paugh, Amy. 2005. “Acting adult: Language socialization, shift, and ideologies in Dominica, West Indies.” In ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism, ed. by James Cohen, Kara T. McAlister, Kellie Rolstad, and Jeff MacSwan, 1–15. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pekarek Doehler, Simona. 2010. “Conceptual Changes and Methodological Challenges: On Language and Learning from a Conversation Analytic Perspective on SLA.” In Conceptualizing ´Learning´ in Applied Linguistics, ed. by Paul Seedhouse, Steven Walsh, and Chris Jenks, 105–126. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2018. “Elaborations on L2 interactional competence: the development of L2 grammar-for-interaction.” Classroom Discourse 9(1): 3–24. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Persson, Rasmus. 2017. “Fill-in-the-Blank Questions in Interaction: Incomplete Utterances as a Resource for Doing Inquiries.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 50(3): 227–248. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Philips, Susan. 1972. “Participant structures and communicative competence: Warm Springs children in community and classroom.” In Functions of Language in the Classroom, ed. by Courtney Cazden, Vera John, and Dell Hymes, 370–394. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1983. The Invisible Culture. Communication in Classroom and Community in the Warm Springs Indian Reservation.White lains, NY: Longman.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pollard, Andrew. 1985. The Social World of the Primary School. London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pontecorvo, Clotilde, Anna Maria Ajello, and Cristina Zucchermaglio. 1991. Discutendo si impara. Interazione sociale e conoscenza a scuola. Roma: La Nuova Italia Scientifica.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Poole, Deborah. 1992. “Language socialization in the second language classroom.” Language Learning 42: 593–616. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rymes, Betsy and Andrea Leone-Pizzighella. 2020. “Making the familiar change: Language Socialization via Contrapuntal Interaction in a US High School Language Arts Class.” In Language Socialization in Classrooms: Culture, Interaction, and Language Development, ed. by Matthew Burdelski and Kathrine M. Howard, 132–157. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sacks, Harvey. 1984b. “On doing “being ordinary”. In Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis, ed. by J. Maxwell Atkinson and John Heritage, 413–429. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sacks, Harvey, Emanuel Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson. 1974. “A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking in conversation.” Language 50(4): 696–735. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schegloff, Emmanuel, Gail Jefferson, and Harvey Sacks. 1977. “The Preference for Self-Correction in the Organization of Repair in Conversation.” Language 53(2): 361–382. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Seedhouse, Paul. 2004. The Interactional Architecture of the Language Classroom: A Conversation Analysis Perspective. Oxford, England: Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sinclair, John McHardy and Malcom R. Coulthard. 1975. Towards an Analysis of Discourse: The English Used by Teachers and Pupils. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Speer, Susan and Ian Hutchby. 2003. “From Ethics to Analytics: Aspects of Participants’ Orientations to the Presence and Relevance of Recording Devices.” Sociology 37(2): 315–337. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Spindler, George. 1982. Doing the Ethnography of Schooling. Educational Anthropology in Action. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Steffensen, Sune V. and Claire Kramsch. 2017. “The Ecology of Second Language Acquisition and Socialization.” In Language Socialization, ed. by Patricia A. Duff and Stephen May, 17–32. New York: Dordrecht: Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Talmy, Steven. 2008. “The cultural productions of the ESL student at Tradewinds High: Contingency, multidirectionality, and identity in L2 socialization.” Applied Linguistics 29(4): 619–644. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van Lier, Leo. 2008. “Agency in the classroom.” In Sociocultural Theory and the Teaching of Second Languages, ed. by James Lantolf and Matthew Poehner, 163–186. London, England: Equinox.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Walsh, Steve. 2011. Exploring Classroom Discourse: Language in Action. Abingdon: Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Watson-Gegeo, Karen A. 1988. “Ethnography in ESL: Defining the essentials.” TESOL Quarterly 22: 575–592. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wolcott, Harry F. 1982. “Mirrors, models, and monitors: Educator adaptations of the ethnographic innovation”. In Doing the Ethnography of Schooling. Educational Anthropology in Action, ed. by George Spindler, 68–93. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Woods, Peter. 1986. Inside Schools: Ethnography in Educational Research. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zemel, Alan and Timothy Koschmann. 2011. “Pursuing a question: Reinitiating IRE sequences as a method of instruction.” Journal of Pragmatics 43: 475–488. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (2)

Cited by two other publications

Nasi, Nicola & Letizia Caronia
2023. Stereotypes and prejudices in the Italian L2 class. A conversation analysis of their emergence in teachers' talk. EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY :1 ► pp. 100 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2024. Children’s Peer Cultures in Dialogue [Dialogue Studies, 34], DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue