Cover not available

Article published In: Diachronica
Vol. 34:2 (2017) ► pp.175–218

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
authorization required

Where do antipassive constructions come from?

A study in diachronic typology

 | Università dell’Insubria
Published online: 20 July 2017
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.34.2.02san
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the main sources of antipassive constructions based on a 120-language sample. The sample includes the 48 languages with an antipassive in the WALS (Polinsky, Maria. 2013. Antipassive constructions. In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (eds.), The world atlas of language structures online. Leipzig: MPI for Evolutionary Anthropology. http://wals.info/chapter/108. (May 2016).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) + 72 further languages in which an antipassive or a functionally equivalent construction is attested (e.g., deobjective constructions, unspecified object constructions, etc.). The diachronic sources of antipassives are identified drawing on two kinds of evidence: (i) etymological reconstructions based on the comparative method; (ii) synchronic resemblance between (some features of) the source construction and (some features of) the target construction. Four main diachronic sources are recurrent in the sample: (i) agent nominalizations; (ii) generic/indefinite items filling the object position (e.g., “person” for animate objects, “(some)thing” for inanimate objects); (iii) action nominalizations, sometimes accompanied by a light verb like “do”; and (iv) morphemes encoding reflexive/reciprocal actions. For each of these sources, a diachronic scenario is proposed through which the antipassive construction might have come into existence. The article also explores the hypothesis that at least some of the functional and structural differences among antipassive constructions across languages may be explained by taking into account the diachronic sources of these constructions.
Résumé
Le but de cet article est de fournir un aperçu des principales sources des constructions antipassives, à partir d’un échantillon de 120 langues. L’échantillon comprend les 48 langues avec un antipassif dans le WALS (Polinsky, Maria. 2013. Antipassive constructions. In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (eds.), The world atlas of language structures online. Leipzig: MPI for Evolutionary Anthropology. http://wals.info/chapter/108. (May 2016).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) + 72 langues dans lesquelles se retrouve une construction antipassive ou une construction fonctionnellement équivalente. On identifie les sources diachroniques des antipassifs selon deux types de preuves : (i) reconstructions étymologiques basées sur la méthode comparative ; (ii) ressemblance synchronique entre (certaines caractéristiques de) la construction source et (certaines caractéristiques de) la construction cible. Quatre sources diachroniques principales des marqueurs antipassifs sont récurrentes dans l’échantillon : (i) nominalisations d’agent ; (ii) éléments génériques / indéfinis remplissant la position de l’objet ; (iii) nominalisations d'actions, parfois accompagnées d’un verbe support comme ‘faire’ ; (iv) morphèmes qui indiquent les actions réflexives / réciproques. Pour chacune de ces sources, on propose un scénario diachronique pour expliquer l’origine possible de la construction antipassive. L'article explore également l'hypothèse selon laquelle au moins une partie des différences fonctionnelles et structurelles entre différentes constructions antipassives dans les langues du monde peuvent s’expliquer en tenant compte des sources historiques de ces constructions.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, auf der Basis einer Stichprobe von 120 Sprachen einen Überblick über die Hauptquellen antipassivischer Konstruktionen zu geben. Die Stichprobe umfasst die 48 Sprachen, in denen laut den WALS-Daten (Polinsky, Maria. 2013. Antipassive constructions. In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (eds.), The world atlas of language structures online. Leipzig: MPI for Evolutionary Anthropology. http://wals.info/chapter/108. (May 2016).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) Antipassiv-Formen vorkommen, und weitere 72 Sprachen, in denen eine antipassivische oder eine funktional gleichwertige Konstruktion belegt ist (z.B. deobjektive Konstruktionen, unspezifizierte Objektkonstruktionen etc.). Die diachronen Quellen der Antipassiv-Formen werden durch zweierlei Arten linguistischer Evidenz ermittelt: (i) etymologische Rekonstruktionen auf der Basis der vergleichenden Methode; (ii) synchrone Ähnlichkeit zwischen (einigen Merkmalen) der Quellkonstruktion und (einigen Merkmalen) der Zielkonstruktion. Vier diachrone Hauptquellen antipassivischer Konstruktionen treten in der Stichprobe besonders häufig auf: (i) Agens-Nominalisierungen; (ii) generische / unbestimmte sprachliche Elemente, welche die Objektposition besetzen (z.B. Person für belebte Objekte, Sache für unbelebte Objekte); (iii) Aktionsnominalisierungen, gelegentlich von einem leichten Verb wie ‘tun’ begleitet; (iv) Morpheme, die Reflexivität / Reziprozität kodieren. Für jede dieser Quellen wird ein mögliches Entwicklungsszenario vorgeschlagen, das der Entstehung der betreffenden antipassivischen Konstruktion zu Grunde liegen könnte. Im Beitrag wird außerdem der Frage nachgegangen, ob zumindest einige der funktionalen und strukturellen Unterschiede, die antipassivische Konstruktionen übereinzelsprachlich zeigen, durch die diachronen Quellen der jeweiligen Konstruktionen erklärt werden könnten.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction: Definitions, sample, methodology
  • 2.The sources of APs
    • 2.1APs from agent nominalizations
    • 2.2APs from generic/indefinite elements in object position
      • 2.2.1Two problematic cases
    • 2.3APs from action/result nominalizations (± light verb “do”)
    • 2.4APs from reflexive/reciprocal constructions
    • 2.5Dubious cases
    • 2.6Other types
    • 2.7Frequency
  • 3.Diachronic scenarios, persistence and explanation
  • 4.Concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
References (104)
References
Adamou, Evangelia. 2014. L’antipassif en ixcatèque. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 109(1). 373–396.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aikhenvald, Alexandra. 2011. Word-class changing derivations in typological perspective. In Alexandra Aikhenvald & R. M. W. Dixon (eds.), Language at large: Essays on syntax and semantics, 221–289. Leiden: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Austin, Peter. 2013 [1981]. A Grammar of Diyari, South Australia. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Authier, Gilles. 2012. The detransitive voice in Kryz. In Gilles Authier & Katharina Haude (eds.), Ergativity, valency and voice, 133–164. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beck, David. 2004. A grammatical sketch of Upper Nexaca Totonac. Munich: LINCOM Europa.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bickel, Balthasar & Martin Gaenszle. 2015. First person objects, antipassives, and the political history of the Southern Kirant. Journal of East Asian Languages and Linguistics 2(1). 63–86.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bloomfield, Leonard. 1946. Algonquian. In Harry Hoijer et al. (eds.), Linguistic structures of Native America, 85–129. New York: Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology 6.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boas, Franz & Ella Deloria. 1939. Dakota grammar. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 23, Second Memoir. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bostoen, Koen, Sebastian Dom & Guillaume Segerer. 2015. The antipassive in Bantu. Linguistics 53(4). 731–772. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bryant, Michael G. 1999. Aspects of Tirmaga grammar. Arlington, TX: University of Texas at Arlington dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bybee, Joan, Revere D. Perkins & William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar: Tense, aspect, and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Carlson, Robert. 1994. A grammar of Supyire. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Charney, Jean Ormsbee. 1993. A grammar of Comanche. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Comrie, Bernard, Madzhid Khalilov & Zaira Khalilova. 2015. Valency and valency classes in Bezhta. In Andrej Malchukov & Bernard Comrie (eds.), Valency classes in the world’s languages, vol.2: Case studies from Austronesia and the Pacific, the Americas, and theoretical outlook, 541–570. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cooreman, Ann. 1994. A functional typology of antipassives. In Paul J. Hopper & Barbara A. Fox (eds.), Voice: Form and function, 49–88. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cowell, Andrew & Alonzo Moss, Sr. 2008. The Arapaho language. Boulder: The University Press of Colorado.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Creissels, Denis. 2014. Reconstructing the history of the Soninke voice system. Paper presented at the workshop “Voice systems in diachrony: A comparative perspective”, Pavia, Italy, 11 September 2014. [URL]. (May 2016).
Creissels, Denis & Sylvie Voisin-Nouguier. 2008. Valency-changing operations in Wolof and the notion of co-participation. In Ekkehard König and Volker Gast (eds.), Reciprocals and reflexives: Theoretical and typological explorations, 293–309. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cumberland, Linda A. 2005. A grammar of Assiniboine: A Siouan language of the Northern Plains. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dayley, Jon P. 1983. Voice and ergativity in Mayan languages. In Alice Schlichter, Wallace L. Chafe & Leanne Hinton (eds.), Studies in Meso-American linguistics, 5–119. University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dixon, R. M. W. 1972. The Dyirbal language of North Queensland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
1977. A grammar of Yidiɲ. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2004. Australian languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dixon, R. M. W. & Alexandra Aikhenvald. 2000. Introduction. In R. M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Aikhenvald (eds.), Changing valency: Case studies in transitivity, 1–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dom, Sebastian, Guillaume Segerer & Koen Bostoen. 2015. Antipassive/associative polysemy in Cilubà (Bantu L31a). Studies in Language 39(2). 354–385. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Doornenbal, Marius. 2009. A grammar of Bantawa: Grammar, paradigm tables, glossary and texts of a Rai language of Eastern Nepal. Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dryer, Matthew S. 1989. Large linguistic areas and language sampling. Studies in Language 13(2). 257–292. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dryer, Matthew S. & Martin Haspelmath. 2013. The world atlas of language structures online. Leipzig: MPI for Evolutionary Anthropology. [URL]. (January 2017)
Dunn, Michael John. 1999. A grammar of Chukchi. Canberra: Australian National University dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Edmonson, Barbara W. 1988. A descriptive grammar of Huastec (Potosino dialect). New Orleans: Tulane University dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
England, Nora. 1988. Mam voice. In Masayoshi Shibatani (ed.), Passive and voice, 525–546. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Epps, Patience. 2005. A grammar of Hup. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fortescue, Michael. 1996. West Greenlandic half-transitive affixes in a diachronic perspective. In Birgitte Jacobsen (ed.), Cultural and social research in Greenland 95/96. Essays in honour of Robert Petersen, 34–44. Nuuk: Ilisimatusarfik/Atuakkiorfik.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Galloway, Brent D. 1977. A grammar of Chilliwack Halkomelem. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Giacalone Ramat, Anna & Andrea Sansò. 2007. The spread and decline of indefinite man-constructions in European languages. An areal perspective. In Paolo Ramat & Elisa Roma (eds.), Europe and the Mediterranean as linguistic areas: Convergences from a historical and typological perspective, 95–131. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2011. From passive to impersonal. A case study from Italian and its implications. In Andrej Malchukov & Anna Siewierska (eds.), Impersonal constructions: A cross-linguistic perspective, 189–228. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014. Venire (‘come’) as a passive auxiliary in Italian. In Maud Devos & Jenneke van der Wal (eds.), COME and GO off the beaten grammaticalization path, 21–44. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Givón, Talmy. 1981. Typology and functional domains. Studies in Language 51. 163–193. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2001. Syntax: An introduction, vol. 21. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2006. Grammatical relations in passive clauses: A diachronic perspective. In Werner Abraham & Larisa Leisiö (eds.), Passivization and typology: Form and function, 337–350. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goddard, Ives. 1974. An outline of the historical phonology of Arapaho and Atsina. International Journal of American Linguistics 40(2). 102–116. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Graczyk, Randolph. 2007. A Grammar of Crow: Apsáalooke Aliláau. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin. 1990. The grammaticization of passive morphology. Studies in Language 141. 25–72. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2002. World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hewson, John. 2014. Proto-Algonkian word formatives. [URL]. (December 2016).
Huber, Juliette. 2011. A grammar of Makalero: A Papuan language of East Timor. Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jacobson, Steven A. 2012 [1984]. Yup’ik Eskimo dictionary, vol. 2: Postbases, endings, enclitics, appendices, and English-to-Yup’ik index. 2nd edn. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jacques, Guillaume. 2014. Denominal affixes as sources of antipassive markers in Japhug Rgyalrong. Lingua 1381. 1–22. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Janic, Katarzyna. 2013. Etude translinguistique de l’emploi antipassif de formes moyennes: Étude comparative des langues slaves et des langues romanes. Lyon: Université Lyon 2 dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2016. On the reflexive-antipassive polysemy: Typological convergence from unrelated languages. Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS) 361. 158–173. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kimball, Geoffrey D. 1985. A descriptive grammar of Koasati. New Orleans: Tulane University dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kozinsky, Isaac. Š., Vladimir P. Nedjalkov & Maria S. Polinskaja. 1988. Antipassive in Chukchee: Oblique object, object incorporation, zero object. In Masayoshi Shibatani (ed.), Passive and voice, 651–706. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kulikov, Leonid. 2010. Voice typology. In Jae Jung Song (ed.), The Oxford handbook of linguistic typology, 368–398. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kuular, Klara B. 2007. Reciprocals, sociatives, comitatives, and assistives in Tuvan. In Vladimir P. Nedjalkov (ed.), Reciprocal Constructions, vol. 31, 1163–1229. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lacadena, Alfonso. 2000. Antipassive constructions in the Maya Glyphic Texts. Written Language and Literacy 3(1).155–180. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lacroix, René. 2012. Laz middle voice. In Gilles Authier & Katharina Haude (eds.), Ergativity, valency and voice, 165–197. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Langacker, Ronald W. 1977. Studies in Uto-Aztecan grammar , vol. 11: An overview of Uto-Aztecan grammar. Arlington: The University of Texas & Summer Institute of Linguistics.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lichtenberk, Frantisek. 2000. Reciprocals without reflexives. In Zygmunt Frajzyngier & Traci S. Curl (eds.), Reciprocals: Forms and functions, 30–62. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Loughnane, Robyn. 2009. A grammar of Oksapmin. Melbourne: University of Melbourne dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Machado Estevam, Adriana. 2011. Morphosyntaxe du xavánte, langue jê du Mato Grosso (Brésil). Paris: Université Paris 7 dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
MacKay, Carolyn J. 1999. A grammar of Misantla Totonac. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Marsault, Julie. 2016. Le système verbal du Omaha: Formes et fonctions des préfixes verbaux. Paris: Université Paris III MA thesis.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Matisoff, James A. 2003. Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and philosophy of Sino-Tibetan reconstruction. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McGregor, William B. 2013. Grammaticalization of verbs into temporal and modal markers in Australian languages. In Folke Josephson & Ingmar Söhrman (eds.), Diachronic and typological perspectives on verbs, 107–132. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Merlan, Francesca. 1994. A grammar of Wardaman. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mithun, Marianne. 1993. Reconstructing the unidentified. In Henk Aertsen & Robert J. Jeffers (eds.), Historical Linguistics 1989: Papers from the 9th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, 329–347. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2000. Valency-changing derivation in Central Alaskan Yup’ik. In R. M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Aikhenvald (eds.), Changing valency: Case studies in transitivity, 84–114. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Munro, Pamela. 1974. Topics in Mojave syntax. San Diego: University of California at San Diego dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. 2006. Reciprocal constructions of Turkic languages in the typological perspective. Turkic Languages (10). 3–46.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oliverio, Giulia R.M. 1996. A grammar and dictionary of Tutelo. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Paperno, Denis. 2014. Grammatical sketch of Beng. Mandenkan : Bulletin d’études linguistiques mandé 511. 1–130.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Polinsky, Maria. 2013. Antipassive constructions. In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (eds.), The world atlas of language structures online. Leipzig: MPI for Evolutionary Anthropology. http://wals.info/chapter/108. (May 2016).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Quesada, J. Diego. 2000. A grammar of Teribe. Munich: LINCOM Europa.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2001. Teribes y Térrabas : Recuentos de un reencuentro. San José, Costarica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 2008. On the rise and fall of Korean nominalizers. In María-José López-Couso & Elena Seoane (eds.), Rethinking grammaticalization: New perspectives, 239–264. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rhodes, Richard Alan. 1976. The morphosyntax of the Central Ojibwa verb. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rogers, Christopher. 2010. A comparative grammar of Xinkan. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sachse, Frauke. 2010. Reconstructive description of eighteenth-century Xinka grammar. Leiden: University of Leiden dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sansò, Andrea & Anna Giacalone Ramat. 2016. Deictic motion verbs as passive auxiliaries: The case of Italian andare ‘go’ (and venire ‘come’). Transactions of the Philological Society 1141. 1–24. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sharma, Narayan Prasad. 2014. Morphosyntax of Puma, a Tibeto‐Burman language of Nepal. London: SOAS, University of London dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2011. Overlap and complementarity in reference impersonals: Man-constructions vs. third person plural-impersonals in the languages of Europe. In Andrej Malchukov & Anna Siewierska (eds.), Impersonal construction: A cross-linguistic perspective, 57–89. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2013. Passive constructions. In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (eds.), The world atlas of language structures online. Leipzig: MPI for Evolutionary Anthropology. [URL]. (May 2016).
Smith-Stark, Thomas C. 1978. The Mayan antipassive: Some facts and fictions. In Nora England (ed.), Papers in Mayan linguistics, 169–187. Columbia: University of Missouri, Studies in Mayan Linguistics.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Smythe Kung, Susan. 2007. A descriptive grammar of Huehuetla Tepehua. Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Starostin, Sergei. 1998. The Tower of Babel. An etymological database project. [URL]. (February 2016)
Sylestine, Cora, Heather K. Hardy & Timothy Montler. 1993. Dictionary of the Alabama language. Austin: University of Texas Press. [URL]. (February 2016).
Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. 1987. A grammar of the Nisgha language. Victoria: University of Victoria dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tatevosov, Sergei. 2011. Detelicization and argument suppression. Linguistics 49(1). 135–174. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Terrill, Angela. 1997. The development of antipassive constructions in Australian languages. Australian Journal of Linguistics 171. 71–88. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Thompson, Chad. 1996. The Na-Dene middle voice: An impersonal source of the d-element. International Journal of American Linguistics 62 (4). 351–378. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Thornes, Timothy Jon. 2003. A Northern Paiute grammar with texts. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Valentine, J. Randolph. 2001. Nishnaabemwin reference grammar. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Velde, Mark L.O. van de. 2008. A grammar of Eton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Viti, Carlotta. 2015. The use of frequentative verbs in Early Latin. In Gerd Haverling (ed.), Latin linguistics in the early 21st century: Acts of the 16th International Colloquium on Latin Linguistics, 170–182. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Watters, James K. 1988. Topics in Tepehua grammar. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Watanabe, Honoré. 2015. Valency classes in Sliammon Salish. In Andrej Malchukov & Bernard Comrie (eds.), Valency classes in the world’s languages, vol. 2: Case studies, 1313–1358. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Watkins, Laurel J. 1984. A grammar of Kiowa. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wojtylak, Katarzyna Izabela. 2014. The sense of Murui nominalizations. Paper presented at the Special Workshop on Nominalization in the Americas, LCRC, Cairns, James Cook University, 6–7 August 2014.
Wolfart, H. Christoph. 1973. Plains Cree: A grammatical study. Transactions of the American Philological Society 63(5). 1–90. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yap, Foong Ha, Karen Grunow-Hårsta, & Janick Wrona. 2011. Introduction: Nominalization strategies in Asian languages. In Foong Ha Yap, Karen Grunow-Hårsta & Janick Wrona (eds.), Nominalization in Asian languages. Diachronic and typological perspectives, 1–57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yap, Foong Ha & Jiao Wang. 2011. From light noun to nominalizer and more: The grammaticalization of zhe and suo in Old and Middle Chinese. In Foong Ha Yap, Karen Grunow-Hårsta & Janick Wrona (eds.), Nominalization in Asian languages. Diachronic and typological perspectives, 61–107. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zinnatullina, Klara Zievna. 1969. Zalogi glagola v sovremennom tatarskom literaturnom jazyke. Kazan’: Tatarskoe kniznoe izdatel’stvo.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (34)

Cited by 34 other publications

Cruz Volio, Gabriela & Jorge Antonio Leoni de León
2025. Antipasivas en español: apuntes desde una perspectiva histórica. Revista de Filología Española 105:1 ► pp. 1383 ff. DOI logo
Creissels, Denis
2024. Transitivity, Valency, and Voice, DOI logo
Giomi, Riccardo & Guglielmo Inglese
2024. Underspecification and ambiguity of voice markers. In Vagueness, Ambiguity, and All the Rest [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 347], ► pp. 110 ff. DOI logo
Estigarribia, Bruno & Ernesto Luiz López Almada
2023. Poro-/mba’e- Antipassive Prefixation in Paraguayan Guarani. In Formal Approaches to Languages of South America, ► pp. 285 ff. DOI logo
Inglese, Guglielmo & Andrea Sansò
2023. Introduction: towards a diachronic typology of the middle voice. STUF - Language Typology and Universals 76:2 ► pp. 113 ff. DOI logo
Karaj, David M. & Andrea Sansò
2023. From verbalizer to middle marker: the diachrony of middle voice in Malayic. STUF - Language Typology and Universals 76:2 ► pp. 217 ff. DOI logo
Bondarenko, Alice
2022. The Dog Bites: On the “Aggressive” Antipassive in Slavic and Baltic. LANGUAGE: Codification, Competence, Communication 1-2:6-7 ► pp. 40 ff. DOI logo
Auderset, Sandra
2021. The antipassive and its relationship to person markers. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 385 ff. DOI logo
Bugaeva, Anna
2021. Unspecified participant. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 213 ff. DOI logo
Jacques, Guillaume
2021. Antipassive derivations in Sino-Tibetan/Trans-Himalayan and their sources. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 427 ff. DOI logo
Janic, Katarzyna
2021. Variation in the verbal marking of antipassive constructions. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 249 ff. DOI logo
Janic, Katarzyna & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich
2021. The multifaceted nature of the antipassive construction. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Konnerth, Linda
2021. On the nature of inverse systems. Diachronica 38:1 ► pp. 25 ff. DOI logo
Konnerth, Linda & Andrea Sansò
2021. Towards a diachronic typology of individual person markers. Folia Linguistica 55:s42-s1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Payne, Doris L.
2021. The profile and development of the Maa (Eastern Nilotic) antipassive. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 447 ff. DOI logo
Sapién, Racquel-María, Natalia Cáceres Arandia, Spike Gildea & Sérgio Meira
2021. Antipassive in the Cariban family. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 65 ff. DOI logo
Say, Sergey
2021. Antipassive and the lexical meaning of verbs. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 177 ff. DOI logo
Seržant, Ilja A., Katarzyna Maria Janic, Darja Dermaku & Oneg Ben Dror
2021. Typology of coding patterns and frequency effects of antipassives. Studies in Language 45:4 ► pp. 968 ff. DOI logo
Shirtz, Shahar, Luigi Talamo & Annemarie Verkerk
2021. The Evolutionary Dynamics of Negative Existentials in Indo-European. Frontiers in Communication 6 DOI logo
Heaton, Raina
2020. Antipassives in Crosslinguistic Perspective. Annual Review of Linguistics 6:1 ► pp. 131 ff. DOI logo
Inglese, Guglielmo & Simone Mattiola
2020. Pluractionality in Hittite. STUF - Language Typology and Universals 73:2 ► pp. 261 ff. DOI logo
Quizar, Robin
2020. Tracing the Ch’orti’ Antipassive System: A Comparative/Historical View. International Journal of American Linguistics 86:2 ► pp. 237 ff. DOI logo
Kuteva, Tania, Bernd Heine, Bo Hong, Haiping Long, Heiko Narrog & Seongha Rhee
2019. World Lexicon of Grammaticalization, DOI logo
Mauri, Caterina & Andrea Sansò
2019. Nouns & co. Converging evidence in the analysis of associative plurals. STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72:4 ► pp. 603 ff. DOI logo
Mauri, Caterina & Andrea Sansò
2023. Heterogeneous sets: a diachronic typology of associative and similative plurals. Linguistic Typology 27:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Zúñiga, Fernando & Seppo Kittilä
2019. Grammatical Voice, DOI logo
Sansò, Andrea
2018. Explaining the diversity of antipassives: Formal grammar vs. (diachronic) typology. Language and Linguistics Compass 12:6 DOI logo
Sansò, Andrea
2020. Routes Towards The Irrealis. Transactions of the Philological Society 118:3 ► pp. 401 ff. DOI logo
Inglese, Guglielmo
2017. A synchronic and diachronic typology of Hittite reciprocal constructions. Studies in Language 41:4 ► pp. 956 ff. DOI logo
Inglese, Guglielmo
2022. How do middle voice markers and valency reducing constructions interact? Typological tendencies and diachronic considerations. Folia Linguistica 56:2 ► pp. 239 ff. DOI logo
Inglese, Guglielmo
2022. Towards a typology of middle voice systems. Linguistic Typology 26:3 ► pp. 489 ff. DOI logo
Inglese, Guglielmo
2023. The rise of middle voice systems. Diachronica 40:2 ► pp. 195 ff. DOI logo
Inglese, Guglielmo
2025. The Diachrony of Voice. In Reference Module in Social Sciences, DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2020. The Middle Voice in Baltic [Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, 5], DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue