Cover not available

Article published In: Diachronica
Vol. 31:4 (2014) ► pp.535–563

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
authorization required

The development of addressee agreement on demonstratives

 | Centre National de la recherche scientifique
Published online: 19 December 2014
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.31.4.04sou
The person-oriented nature of a demonstrative system can be marked explicitly by incorporating person markers into demonstratives. When these distinguish gender or number, this can lead to an unusual type of allocutivity: addressee agreement on medials. The latter development is cross-linguistically rarely reported, but is attested in Siwi Berber, Quranic and Rāziħ Arabic and arguably Imperial Aramaic. Examination of these and other languages shows a pathway whereby demonstrative systems gain addressee-anchored terms through grammaticalisation of a phrase including an oblique second person pronoun, occasionally producing addressee agreement. The semantic properties of allocutivity help explain the rarity of the latter result.
References (80)
Adaskina, Yulia & Pavel Grashchenkov. 2009. Verb morphology and clause structure in Basque: Allocutive. Paper presented at Morphology of the World’s Languages, Leipzig. [URL]
Alberdi, Javier. 1995. The development of the Basque system of terms of address and the allocutive conjugation. In José I. Hualde, Joseba Lakarra & R.L. Trask (eds.), Towards a history of the Basque language (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 131), 275–293. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Amaniss, Ali. 1980. Dictionnaire tamazight-français (parlers du Maroc centrale). [URL]. (13 October 2014.)
Anderson, Stephen R. & Edward Keenan. 1985. Deixis. In Timothy Shopen (ed.), Language typology and syntactic fieldwork, vol. 31, 259–308. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Antonov, Anton. Forthcoming. Verbal allocutivity in a crosslinguistic perspective. Linguistic Typology. [URL]. (13 October 2014.)
Azdoud, Driss. 2011. Dictionnaire berbère-français. Paris: Maison des sciences de l’homme.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Barth, Jakob. 1913. Die Pronominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen. Leipzig: Hinrichs. [URL].Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Basset, André. 1952. La langue berbère. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Basset, René. 1885. Notes de lexicographie berbère: Le dialecte des Beni Menacer. III: Vocabulaire. Journal Asiatique 8(5). 148–219.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1895. Étude sur la Zenatia de l’Ouarsenis et du Maghreb Centrale. Paris: Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bauer, Hans & Pontus Leander. 1927. Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen. Halle: Niemeyer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beguinot, Francesco. 1942. Il berbero nefûsi di Fassâṭo: grammatica, testi raccolti dalla viva voce, vocabolarietti, 2nd edn. Rome: Instituto per l’Oriente.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bentolila, Fernand. 1981. Grammaire fonctionnelle d’un parler berbère: Aït Seghrouchen d’Oum Jeniba (Maroc). (Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale 46). Paris: Société d’Études Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, Tammoy. 2011. Hearer in a clause: The case of addressee agreement. Paper presented as a public lecture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. [URL]
Boudot-Lamotte, Antoine. 1964. Notes ethnographiques et linguistiques sur le parler berbère de Timimoun. Journal Asiatique 2521. 487–558.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bravmann, Meïr M. 1977. The origin of some Arabic pronouns. Studies in Semitic philology, 182–194. Leiden: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brockelmann, Carl. 1982 [1907]. Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der semitischen Sprachen. Hildesheim, Germany: Georg Olms.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brugmann, Karl. 1904. Die Demonstrativpronomina der indogermanischen Sprachen. (Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Klasse der Königl. Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 22(6)). Leipzig: Teubner. [URL].Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Caspari, Carl P. 1896. A grammar of the Arabic language, 3rd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Crane, Thera M., Larry M. Hyman & Simon Nsielanga Tukumu. 2011. A grammar of Nzadi [B865]: A Bantu language of Democratic Republic of Congo. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dallet, Jean-Marie. 1982. Dictionnaire kabyle-français: parler des At Mangellat, Algérie. (Études Ethno-linguistiques Maghreb-Sahara 1). Paris: Société d’études linguistiques et anthropologiques de France.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Delheure, Jean. 1984. Agraw n Yiwalen Tumẓabt t-Tfransist = Dictionnaire mozabite-français. (Études Ethno-linguistiques Maghreb-Sahara 2). Paris: SELAF.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1987. Agerraw n iwalen teggargarent-tarumit / Dictionnaire ouargli-français. Paris: SELAF.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Destaing, Edmond. 1914. Dictionnaire francais-berbère: Dialecte des Beni-Snous. (Publications de la Faculté des Lettres d’Alger 49). Paris: Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1920. Étude sur la Tachelḥît du Sous, vol. I: Vocabulaire français-berbère. Paris: Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Diessel, Holger. 1999. Demonstratives: Form, function, and grammaticalization. (Typological Studies in Language 42). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. Forthcoming. Where do grammatical morphemes come from? On the development of grammatical markers from lexical expressions, demonstratives, and question words. In Kristin Davidse, Tine Breban, Liselotte Brems & Tanja Mortelmans (eds.), New reflections on grammaticalisation IV. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. [URL].
Diez, Friedrich. 1853. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der romanischen Sprachen. Bonn: Adolph Marcus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ferreira, Marília. 2005. Morfossintaxe da língua Parkatêjê. Munich: LINCOM Europa.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fleisch, Henri. 1979. Traité de philologie arabe, vol. II: Pronoms, morphologie verbale, particules. (Langue Arabe et Pensée Islamique). Beirut: Dar El-Machreq.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Folmer, Margaretha L. 1995. The Aramaic language in the Achaemenid period: A study in linguistic variation. (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 68). Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Dép. Oosterse Studies.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Galand, Lionel. 2010. Regards sur le berbère. Milano: Centro Studi Camito-Semitici.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Germano, Joseph E. 1982. Italian grammar. Edited by Conrad J. Schmidt. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1985. Some iconic relationships among place, time, and discourse deixis. In John Haiman (ed.), Iconicity in syntax. (Typological Studies in Language 6), 271–288. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hasselbach, Rebecca. 2007. Demonstratives in Semitic. Journal of the American Oriental Society 1271. 1–27.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heath, Jeffrey. 2002. Jewish and Muslim dialects of Moroccan Arabic. London: RoutledgeCurzon.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2002. World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2007. The genesis of grammar: A reconstruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Imai, Shingo. 2003. Spatial deixis. Buffalo: State University of New York dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kossmann, Maarten. 1997. Grammaire du parler berbère de Figuig (Maroc oriental). Paris: Peeters.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1999. Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2000. Esquisse grammaticale du rifain oriental. (M. S.–Ussun Amazigh 16). Paris: Peeters.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kraal, Pieter Jakob. 2005. A grammar of Makonde (Chinnima, Tanzania). Leiden: Leiden University dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kumaxov, Myxadin Abubekirovič. 1989. Sravitel’no-istoričeskaja grammatika adygskix (čerkesskix) jazykov. Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lanfry, Jacques. 1968. Ghadamès I: Textes: Notes philologiques et ethnographiques. Fort National, Algeria: Le Fichier Périodique.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1973. Ghadamès II: Glossaire (parler des Ayt Waziten). Fort National, Algeria: Le Fichier Périodique.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Laoust, Émile. 1912. Étude sur le dialecte berbère du Chenoua, comparé avec ceux des Beni-Menacer et des Beni-Salah. (Publications de la Faculté des Lettres d’Alger 50). Paris: Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1931. Siwa. (Publications de l’Institut des Hautes-Études Marocaines 22). Paris: Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Leslau, Wolf. 1987. Comparative dictionary of Ge‘ez (Classical Ethiopic): Ge‘ez-English, English-Ge‘ez, with an index of the Semitic roots. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lipiński, Edward. 1997. Semitic languages: Outline of a comparative grammar. (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 80). Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lunt, Horace G. 1952. Grammar of the Macedonian literary language. Skopje: Macedonian State Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Manfredi, Stefano. Forthcoming. Demonstratives in a Bedouin Arabic dialect of western Sudan. Folia Orientalia.
Meyer, Ronny. 2011. Amharic. In Stefan Weninger (ed.), The Semitic languages: An international handbook, 1178–1212. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Naït-Zerrad, Kamal. 2001. Grammaire moderne du kabyle = Tajerrumt tatrart n teqbaylit. (Dictionnaires et Langues). Paris: Karthala.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Naumann, Christfried. 2000. Vergleich demonstrativer Formative ausgewählter Tamazight-Sprachen (Berber). Leipzig: Universität Leipzig, Institut für Afrikanistik.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oyharçabal, Bernard. 1993. Verb agreement with nonarguments: On allocutive agreement. In José Ignacio Hualde & Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), Generative studies in Basque linguistics, 89–114. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Paradisi, Umberto. 1960. Il berbero di Augila, materiale lessicale. Rivista degli Studi Orientali 351. 157–177.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1963. Il linguaggio berbero di El-Fógăha (Fezzân). Istituto Orientale di Napoli 81. 93–126.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Penchoen, Thomas G. 1973. Étude syntaxique d’un parler berbère (Ait Fraḥ de l’Aurès) (Studi Magrebini 5). Naples: Centro di Studi Magrebini.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pianigiani, Ottorino. 1907. Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana. Rome: Albrighi, Segati e C.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Provotelle, Paul. 1911. Étude sur la tamazir’t ou zénatia de Qalâat Es-Sened. Paris: Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Putten, Marijn van. 2014. A grammar of Awjila (Libya): Based on Paradisi’s work. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ratliff, Martha. 1997. Hmong-Mien demonstratives and pattern persistence. Mon-Khmer Studies 271. 317–328.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rogava, Georgij V. 1956. K voprosu struktury imennyx osnov i kategorijax grammatičeskix klassov v adygskix /čerkesskix/ jazykax. Tbilisi: AN GSSR.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1980. Isxodnyj fonetičeskij variant ukazatel’nogo mestomennija mər “ètot” v adygskix jazykax. Ežegodnik iberijsko-kavkazskogo jazykoznanija 71. 95–100.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ṣāliħ, Muħammad Ṣāliħ Muħammad. 2000. Al-Jawharah aḏ-Ḏahabiyyah fī Maʕrifat al-Luġah as-Sīwiyyah. Egypt: Dār al-Kitāb.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sarnelli, Tommaso. 1924. Il dialetto berbero di Sokna: Materiali lessicali, testi manoscritti in caratteri arabi, con trascrizione e traduzione. Supplemento all’Africa Italiana. 1–47.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schuchardt, Hugo. 1923. Primitiae linguae vasconum: Einführung ins Baskische. Halle: Niemeyer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Souag, Lameen. 2009. Siwa and its significance for Arabic dialectology. Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik 511. 51–75.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2010. Grammatical contact in the Sahara: Arabic, Berber, and Songhay in Tabelbala and Siwa. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London dissertation.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2013. Berber and Arabic in Siwa (Egypt): A study in linguistic contact. (Berber Studies 37). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014. Siwi addressee agreement and demonstrative typology. STUF / Language Typology and Universals 67(1). 25–34.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sudlow, David. 2001. The Tamasheq of north-east Burkina Faso: Notes on grammar and syntax including a key vocabulary. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Taïfi, Miloud. 1991. Dictionnaire tamazight-français (parlers du Maroc central). Paris: L’Harmattan-Awal.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Takács, Gábor. 2007. Etymological dictionary of Egyptian, vol. 3: m-. Leiden: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vicente, Ángeles. 2006. Demonstratives. In Kees Versteegh (general ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics, vol. 11, 320–323. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vincent, Diane & David Sankoff. 1992. Punctors: A pragmatic variable. Language Variation and Change 4(2). 205–216. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vycichl, Werner. 2005. Berberstudien: A sketch of Siwi Berber (Egypt). (Berber Studies 10). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Watson, Janet, Bonnie Glover Stalls, Khalid al-Razihi & Shelagh Weir. 2006a. The language of Jabal Razih: Arabic or something else? Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 361. 35–41.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2006b. Two texts from Jabal Rāziḥ, North-west Yemen. In Lutz Edzard & Jan Retsö (eds.), Current issues in the analysis of Semitic grammar and lexicon II: Oslo-Göteborg cooperation 4th-5th November 2005. (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 59), 40–63. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrasowitz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (1)

Cited by one other publication

Kossmann, Maarten
2023. A partial reconstruction of Berber (Amazigh) deictics. Linguistique et langues africaines :9(2) DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue