Article published In: Diachrony of Tone
Edited by Sandra Auderset, Rikker Dockum and Ryan Gehrmann
[Diachronica 42:3/4] 2025
► pp. 479–507
Tonogenesis in the Naduhup family of northwest Amazonia
Published online: 11 July 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.24045.sim
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.24045.sim
Abstract
While tone is widely encountered among Amazonian languages, Amazonia has generally been underrepresented in wider
studies of tone and tonal diachrony. This paper offers a case study of tonogenesis within the small Naduhup language family of
western Amazonia. We propose that Naduhup tonogenesis was grounded in a prior contrast involving vowel length and was linked to
coda voicing. Contact with neighboring languages in which tone was already present was also a likely catalyst. In addition to
contributing to our understanding of tonogenesis in a part of the world where these processes are not well known, the Naduhup case
provides an illustration of how vowel length, coda voicing, and intonation may all play a role in the emergence of tone.
Keywords: tone, Amazonia, Naduhup, vowel length, glottalic features, coda voicing, language contact
Abstraite
Bien que les tons se trouvent fréquemment dans les langues amazoniennes, l’Amazonie a généralement été
sous-représentée dans les études générales sur le ton et la diachronie tonale. Cet article propose une étude de cas de tonogenèse
au sein de la petite famille de langues naduhup de l’Amazonie occidentale. Nous suggérons que la tonogenèse en naduhup s’est
fondée sur un contraste antérieur impliquant la longueur des voyelles, en lien avec le voisement de la coda. Le contact avec des
langues voisines dans lesquelles les tons étaient déjà présents a probablement été un catalyseur pour ce développement. En plus de
contribuer à notre compréhension de la tonogenèse dans une partie du monde où ces processus sont méconnus, le cas du naduhup
fournit une illustration de la manière dont la longueur des voyelles, le voisement de la coda et l’intonation peuvent toutes jouer
un rôle dans l’émergence des tons.
Abstrakt
Obwohl Tonsprachen in Amazonien weitverbreitet sind, ist die Region in umfassenderen Studien zu Tonalität und
deren Diachronie unterrepräsentiert. Dieser Aufsatz bietet eine Fallstudie zur Tonogenese in der kleinen Naduhup-Sprachfamilie im
westlichen Amazonien. Wir schlagen vor, dass Tonogenese im Naduhup auf einem früheren Vokallängenkontrast beruht und mit der
Verstimmhaftung von Konsonanten in der Silbenkoda verbunden war. Kontakt mit benachbarten Sprachen, in denen tonale Kontraste
bereits vorhanden waren, war vermutlich ebenfalls ein Katalysator. Der Fall des Naduhup trägt nicht nur zu unserem Verständnis von
Tonogenese in einem Teil der Welt bei, in dem diese Prozesse nicht weithin bekannt sind, sondern veranschaulicht auch, wie
Vokallänge, Verstimmhaftung von Koda-Konsonanten und Intonation alle eine Rolle bei der Entstehung tonaler Kontraste spielen
können.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The Naduhup family and tone
- 3.Tone and its correlates: Proto-Dâw-Hup-Yuhup
- 3.1Dâw: Tone and vowel length
- 3.2Hup and Yuhup: Tone
- 3.3Comparison of Dâw, Hup, and Yuhup
- 4.Tone and its correlates: Proto-Naduhup
- 4.1Nadëb: Vowel length, phonation, and intonation
- 4.2Nadëb and Dâw-Hup-Yuhup: Reconstructing vowel length and motivating tonogenesis
- 5.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
- Abbreviations
References
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