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Article published In: Diachronica
Vol. 37:1 (2020) ► pp.1–42

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Grammaticalization without Feature Economy

Evidence from the Voice Cycle in Hungarian

ORCiD logo with link | Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
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Published online: 7 April 2020
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https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.19008.hal
Abstract
The present paper is a corpus-based study of the Voice Cycle in Hungarian. Based on data from the Old Hungarian Corpus and the Hungarian Historical Corpus, I will argue that while in Old Hungarian, middle voice was encoded through a separate inflectional paradigm (contextual allomorphy in the subject agreement suffix conditional on the feature content of a silent Voice head), in Modern Hungarian, middle voice is encoded through dedicated middle voice suffixes (i.e., the Voice head is spelled out overtly). I will claim that the underlying grammaticalization process involved the reanalysis of frequentative suffixes (v heads) as middle voice suffixes (Voice heads). I will show that this reinterpretation was not based on shared abstract features, but rather, on a principled correlation between middle voice and frequentative aspect: since some types of middles (antipassives and dispositional middles) were more likely to be associated with a frequentative or habitual reading than actives, frequentative suffixes were susceptible to reanalysis as middle suffixes in the course of language acquisition. I will thus claim that in addition to Feature Economy (van . 2011. The linguistic cycle. Language change and the language faculty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar), reinterpretation based on correlation between featurally independent grammatical markers should also be regarded as a mechanism of grammaticalization.
Résumé
Le présent article est une étude basée sur un corpus du Cycle de la Voix en hongrois. D’après des données provenant de corpus du hongrois ancien et du corpus historique hongrois, je soutiendrai que, en hongrois ancien, la voix moyenne était codée selon un paradigme flexionnel distinct (allomorphie contextuelle dans le suffixe d’accord sujet subordonné au contenu de trait d’une tête silencieuse), tandis qu‘en hongrois moderne, la voix moyenne est codée par des suffixes dédiés (c’est-à-dire que la tête de la voix est épelée ouvertement). Je soutiendrai que le processus de grammaticalisation sous-jacent impliquait la réanalyse de suffixes fréquentatifs (têtes v) en tant que suffixes de voix moyennes (têtes de la voix). Je montrerai que cette réinterprétation ne reposait pas sur des caractéristiques abstraites communes, mais sur une corrélation de principe entre voix moyenne et aspect fréquentatif: certains types de voix moyenne (antipassifs et moyens de disposition) risquant davantage d’être associés à une interprétation fréquente ou habituelle que les actifs, les suffixes fréquentatifs étaient susceptibles d’être réanalysés comme suffixes de la voix moyenne au cours de l’acquisition du langage. J’affirmerai donc qu’en plus d’exemplifier l’économie de traits (Feature Economy) (. 2011. The linguistic cycle. Language change and the language faculty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar), une réinterprétation basée sur la corrélation entre des marqueurs grammaticaux réellement indépendants devrait également exemplifier un mécanisme de grammaticalisation.
Zusammanfassung
Die vorliegende Arbeit bildet eine korpusbasierte Studie zum Zyklus der Diathese im Ungarischen. Auf der Grundlage von Daten aus dem Altungarischen Korpus und dem Ungarischen Historischen Korpus werde ich dafür argumentieren, dass das Medium im Altungarischen durch ein separates Flexionsparadigma kodiert wurde (kontextuelle Allomorphie im Subjektkongruenzsuffix abhängig vom Merkmalsinhalt eines stillen Diathesenkopfes); dagegen wird es im modernen Ungarisch durch spezielle Mediumsuffixe kodiert (d.h. der Diathesekopf ist overt). Ich vertrete die Position, dass der zugrunde liegende Grammatikalisierungsprozess die Reanalyse von frequentativen Suffixen (v-Köpfen) als Mediumsuffixe (Diatheseköpfe) beinhaltete. Diese Neuinterpretation beruht nicht auf gemeinsamen abstrakten Merkmalen, sondern eher auf einer prinzipiellen Korrelation zwischen Medium und frequentativem Aspekt: Da einige Arten von Medium (Antipassivum und dispositionelles Medium) eher mit einer frequentativen oder habituellen Interpretation in Verbindung gebracht wurden als das Aktivum, waren frequentative Suffixe anfällig für die Reanalyse als Mediumsuffixe im Verlauf des Spracherwerbs. Ich zeige daher, dass neben Merkmalsökonomie (van . 2011. The linguistic cycle. Language change and the language faculty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) auch eine Neuinterpretation auf der Grundlage der Korrelation zwischen merkmalsunabhängigen grammatikalischen Markern als Mechanismus der Grammatikalisierung angesehen werden sollte.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Middle voice: A note on terminology
  • 3.Late Old Hungarian: AgrS allomorphy conditional on voice
  • 4.Excursion: A finer-grained syntax and semantics
  • 5.The collapse of the middle paradigm
  • 6.The emergence of middle voice suffixes
  • 7.Reinterpretation based on correlation between middle voice and frequentative aspect
  • 8.The breakdown of voice syncretism and the rise of suffix stacking
  • 9.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
References (91)
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