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Article published In: Diachronica
Vol. 35:4 (2018) ► pp.525–551

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The evolution of word prosody in the Papuan languages of Eastern Timor

 | Payap University
Published online: 17 January 2019
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https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.17019.hes
Abstract
Word prosody and sentence-level intonation undergo complex interactions through time. In this study, I focus on the effects of intonation on the development of word prosody in two closely related Papuan languages, Makalero and Fataluku. Though both are very similar segmentally, Makalero’s prosodic system is based on trochaic stress, while Fataluku is characterized primarily by phrase-level intonational contours. On the basis of internal comparative evidence, I demonstrate that the trochaic stress system of Makalero is older, and that a series of well-motivated sound changes has led to a dissociation of stress and intonation in Fataluku. A disassociation between stress and intonation is typologically unexpected, and analysis of the historical development of Fataluku’s system sheds light on how such a dissociation may have taken place.
Résumé
La prosodie au niveau du mot et l’intonation au niveau de la phrase présentent des interactions complexes au cours du temps. Cette étude porte sur les effets de l’intonation dans le développement de la prosodie du mot dans deux langues papoues étroitement apparentées, le makalero et le fataluku. Bien que ces deux langues soient très proches sur le plan segmental, le système prosodique du makalero s’organise autour d’un accent trochaïque, tandis que le fataluku met en jeu des contours intonatifs au niveau du syntagme. À partir de comparaisons internes, je démontre que le système accentuel trochaïque du makalero est plus ancien ; quant au fataluku, il a connu une dissociation entre accent et intonation, suite à une série de changements phonétiques motivés. Ce divorce entre accent tonique et intonation (rare sur le plan typologique) peut s’expliquer si l’on reconstruit le développement historique du système fataluku.
Zusammenfassung
Wortprosodie und Satzintonation zeichnen sich durch eine zeitlich komplexe Interaktion aus. In dieser Studie konzentriere ich mich auf die Auswirkungen von Intonation auf die Entwicklung von Wortprosodie in zwei eng verwandten papuanischen Sprachen, Makalero und Fataluko. Trotz der Ähnlichkeit auf segmenteller Ebene basiert das prosodische System von Makalero auf Trochäen, während Fataluku sich vornehmlich durch intonatorische Konturen auf Phrasenebene charakterisieren lässt. Interne, vergleichende Analysen führen zum Beleg dafür, dass das makalerische trochäische Betonungsmuster älter ist und dass eine Reihe von klar motivierten Lautwandelprozessen zur Trennung von Wortakzent und Intonation in Fataluku geführt haben. Eine Analyse der historischen Entwicklung des Systems in Fataluku beleuchtet die typologisch unerwartete Entkoppelung von Akzent und Intonation.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The interaction of word- and phrase-level prosody in the Autosegmental-Metrical framework
    • 2.1Common synchronic patterns
    • 2.2Common diachronic patterns
  • 3.The languages in this study
    • 3.1The Timor-Alor-Pantar language family
    • 3.2Makalero synchronic phonology
    • 3.3Fataluku synchronic phonology
  • 4.Previous reconstructions of stress in the Proto-Timor-Alor-Pantar family
  • 5.Analysis of PETim stress
  • 6.Analysis of PETim Pitch
  • 7.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
References (55)
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