Article published In: Diachronic Treebanks
Edited by Hanne Martine Eckhoff, Silvia Luraghi and Marco Passarotti
[Diachronica 35:3] 2018
► pp. 429–449
Spoken Latin behind written texts
Formulaicity and salience in medieval documentary texts
Published online: 5 November 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.00009.kor
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.00009.kor
Abstract
This study uses treebanking to investigate how spoken language infiltrated legal Latin in early medieval Italy. The documents used
are always formulaic, but they also always contain a ‘free’ part where the case in question is described in free prose. This paper
uses this difference to measure how ten linguistic features, representative of the evolution that took place between Classical and
Late Latin, are distributed between the formulaic and free parts. Some variants are attested equally often in both parts of the
documents, while perceptually or conceptually salient variants appear to be preserved in their conservative form mainly in the
formulaic parts.
Résumé
Cette étude exploite le treebanking pour étudier comment le langage parlé s’est infiltré dans le latin légal de
l’Italie du Haut Moyen Âge. Des documents sont toujours formels, mais ils contiennent aussi toujours une partie « libre » où le
cas en question est décrit. Cet article utilise cette différence pour mesurer comment dix caractéristiques linguistiques,
représentatives de l’évolution qui sépare le latin classique du latin tardif, sont réparties entre les parties formelles et
libres. Souvent, certaines variantes se retrouvent également dans les deux parties des documents, tandis que les variantes
saillantes (du point de vue perceptuel ou conceptuel) semblent se conserver sous leur forme classique dans les parties formelles
surtout. La saillance conceptuelle sera définie comme la proéminence cognitive d’une construction (syntaxique).
Zusammenfassung
Diese Studie nutzt Treebanking um zu untersuchen, wie gesprochene Sprache in das Urkundenlatein des frühmittelalterlichen Italiens
eingedrungen ist. Urkunden sind immer formelhaft, enthalten aber immer auch einen „freien“ Teil, in dem der fallspezifische Inhalt
beschrieben wird. Dieser Artikel macht sich den Unterschied zunutze um zu erfassen, wie zehn für die Entwicklung zwischen
klassischem und spätem Latein repräsentative sprachliche Eigenschaften unter den formelhaften und freien Teilen verteilt werden.
Einige Varianten sind in beiden Teilen der Urkunden gleich häufig bezeugt, während die perzeptuell oder konzeptionell salienten
Varianten in ihrer konservativen Form vor allem in den formelhaften Teilen erhalten zu sein scheinen. Konzeptionelle Salienz wird
als die kognitive Bedeutung einer (syntaktischen) Konstruktion definiert.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction and objectives
- 2.Data
- 3.Formulaicity
- 4.Theoretical background and research setting
- 5.Linguistic features
- 6.Results and their interpretation
- 6.1Formulaicity and salience
- 6.2Analysis of the morphological and syntactic features
- 7.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
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