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In:Conspiracy Theory Discourses
Edited by Massimiliano Demata, Virginia Zorzi and Angela Zottola
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 98] 2022
► pp. 267–294

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Chapter 12
#conspiracymemes

A framework-based analysis of conspiracy memes as digital multimodal units and ensuing user reactions on Instagram

ORCiD logo with link | University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
ORCiD logo with link | University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
ORCiD logo with link | University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Published online: 1 December 2022
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.98.12gur
Abstract
Drawing on a multimodal corpus of Instagram memes (see Dancygier and Vandelanotte 2017; Yus 2019), this study explores the forms and functions of online conspiracy memes which are rooted in conspiracy theories (see Byford 2011; Butter and Knight 2020; Uscinski 2020). Focusing on posts, so-called digital multimodal units (DMUs), with regard to platform functions and the ensuing user reactions, this chapter qualitatively investigates DMUs with a discourse-analytic focus from two complementary angles: the posting of internet memes by the account holder as well as the ensuing meta-reflexive discussions (see Bublitz and Hübler 2007) among the audience, in which potential supporters and opponents of conspiracy theories engage to negotiate the semiotics and functions of DMUs.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Understanding DMUs and conspiracy theory discourse on Instagram
    • 2.1From memes to DMUs
    • 2.2Conspiracy theory discourse on Instagram
  • 3.Methodology and data
    • 3.1Analytic framework
    • 3.2Data
  • 4.Empirical analysis
    • 4.1Hashtags, image types and topics in the corpus
    • 4.2Qualitative analysis of selected posts
      • 4.2.1Analysis of TC_DMU001_2020-08-25: “The Crazy Guy”
        • Level I: Profile/Post description
        • Levels II + III + IV: Formal and functional dimension and discursive embedding
        • Level V: Metareflexive patterns of description and interpretation
      • 4.2.2Analysis of CE_DMU002_2020-06-03: “COVID Was Gone”
        • Level I: Profile/Post description
        • Level II: Formal dimension
        • Levels III + IV: Functional dimension and discursive embedding
        • Level V: Metareflexive patterns of description and interpretation
    • 4.3DMU comparison
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
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