In:Language Policy in Business: Discourse, ideology and practice
Elisabeth Barakos
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 89] 2020
► pp. 191–195
Index
Published online: 20 November 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.89.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.89.index
A
- Action Plan, 25, 67, 71, 88
- action, social, 37, 44, 47, 152
- actors,
55, 67, 75, 123, 142, 144, 150
- political, 57, 68, 151, 153
- agency, 8, 33, 35, 41, 46, 49, 142
- anonymity, 21, 25, 27, 33, 101
- argumentation strategies, 52, 75, 78, 89, 92
- asset,
31, 97, 115, 121
- bilingualism as an, 97
- commercial, 31, 105, 115
- cultural, 16
- economic, 28, 96
- authenticity, 13, 21, 23, 25, 27, 97, 101, 118, 120
- authority, 75, 79, 83
B
- Basque, 5, 7, 13, 29, 42
- Basque Country, 23, 29, 108
- bilingual approach,
99, 127, 150, 154
- fully, 92
- bilingual country, 1, 21, 30
- bilingualism
- either-or, 82, 129, 132
- free-choice, 145
- full, 92, 107, 128
- institutionalised, 150
- normalise, 7
- promoting, 1, 72, 90
- value-added, 94, 146
- bilingual practices, 99, 125, 127, 129
- bilingual service provision, 98–99, 107, 114–15, 138
- bilingual Wales, 26, 29, 55, 57, 59, 78–79, 137–38, 143–45, 153–55
- boundaries, 6, 24, 108, 119, 152
- branding, 13, 73, 114, 118, 120, 148–49
- brand Wales, 120, 148
- Brexit, 21, 153
- business
- private, 32, 68
- private-sector, 17
- business discourse, 7, 81, 89
C
- capital,
14, 38
- cultural, 16
- economic, 13–14, 21
- human, 121
- linguistic, 121, 136
- social, 121
- capitalism, late, 12, 15, 29, 118
- Catalan, 5, 13, 42, 99
- Catalonia, 21, 23, 43, 82, 129
- CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis), 43, 45–46
- CDS (Critical Discourse Studies), 7, 9–10, 39, 43–48, 51
- choice
- consumer, 81
- customer, 143
- enable, 125
- free, 124
- legitimate, 145
- notion of, 27, 65, 68, 79, 81, 125
- voluntary, 125
- choice of service, 81, 93, 97, 99, 124–25, 127, 129
- citizen-consumers, 129, 143
- CLP (Critical Language Policy), 7, 9, 11, 16, 36–37
- commerce, 6, 131
- commodification,
13–14, 16, 31, 90, 92, 148–50
- growing, 147
- increased, 142
- linguistic, 16, 122, 148–49
- commodification of Welsh, 93, 121, 149
- commodification practices, 82
- commodified bilingualism, 93
- commodified turn, 150
- commodities, 6, 12, 14, 21, 89
- community development, 26, 122
- community language, 26, 122
- competition, 6, 137, 139, 149
- context
- broader, 54
- communicative, 147
- corporate, 86, 119
- extralinguistic, 54
- institutional, 36
- multiple, 10
- organisational, 70
- social, 124
- wider, 33, 44
- corporate bilingualism, 7–8, 115, 117, 138, 142, 145, 150–51
- corporate identity, 70, 72–73, 99–101, 110, 114, 120, 133, 139, 142
- corporate language policy, 51, 56, 66, 68, 77, 105
- corporate language policy discourse, 8, 17, 48, 64–65, 67–94, 154
- Critical Discourse Studies. See CDS
- Critical Language Policy. See CLP
- criticality, 11
- critical social theory, 9
- critical sociolinguistics, 9–10, 152
- critique,
4, 10–11, 45–47, 152
- notion of, 45–46
- text-immanent, 46
- cultural identity, 5, 105, 119
- culture,
12–13, 21–22, 29–30, 72–73, 83–86, 96, 107, 118–20, 142–44
- common, 83
D
- DHA (Discourse-Historical Approach), 7, 39, 41, 46, 51–53, 58–59, 62–63
- discourse analysis, multi-level, 51–63
- discourse fragments, 58, 74, 76–77, 83–85, 87, 89, 124
- discourse topics, 51, 58, 60, 72, 74, 83, 90
- Discourse-Historical Approach. See DHA
- discourse(s)
- corporate, 8, 105
- critical, 8, 11, 37, 153
- language endangerment, 96
- market-based, 105
- nationalist, 30, 43, 105, 126
- political, 25, 28, 52, 65, 85, 122–23, 138
- shifting, 65, 76–77, 143
- discourse studies, 9, 14, 35, 37, 49
- discursive, 2, 9, 11, 33, 37–38, 40–41, 44–45, 51
- discursive approach, 9, 35–51, 64, 142, 155
- discursive data, 44, 58, 74
- discursive lens, 2, 33, 49
- discursive practices, 7, 39, 44–45, 47–48, 54, 58
- discursive shifts, 1, 14, 142, 144
- discursive strategies, 39–40, 51–53, 58–60, 74, 79
- distinctiveness, 66, 88, 105
- double monolingualism, 42, 79, 124, 138
E
- economic development, 22, 32, 68, 72–73, 87–89, 123, 149
- economic resource, 13, 25, 58, 74, 82, 86–88, 91
- economisation, 12, 14, 44
- economy,
7, 14, 30, 89, 141, 150, 155
- globalised, 117
- knowledge-based, 2, 12
- political, 15, 153
- empowerment, 33, 80, 93, 124, 147
- enforcement, 24, 145
- England, 20, 108
- English, 2, 4, 6–7, 12, 20–24, 58, 78, 92–93, 130–132, 146
- English language policy, 135
- equality,
4–5, 23–24, 26–27, 29, 74–78, 82, 93, 146, 149
- of opportunity, 76, 146
- principle of, 24, 26, 58, 75–76
- equality agenda, 23, 77, 93
- equivalence, 22, 75, 124
- era
- globalised, 14
- post-devolution, 105
- essentialism, 129
F
- fields
- political, 53, 56–57, 124
- social, 153
- frame,
39, 45, 53, 119
- political economic, 15
G
- genealogy, 10, 19, 35
- genre, 45, 48, 51, 53–59, 65–66, 68, 71–72, 74
- globalisation, 5–6, 23, 130, 147–48
- globalisation processes, 108
- governance
- corporate, 53, 56–57, 138
- neoliberalised, 12
- governmentality, 14
- government bodies, 15, 66, 68, 79, 144, 146
H
- heartland community, 22, 26, 129, 135, 139
- heritage, 5, 68, 72, 84, 86, 118, 133
- hierarchies, 55, 93, 122, 130, 145
- hierarchisation, 9, 12, 16, 43, 132, 146
- historical contexts, 4, 15–16, 19, 40, 54
- historicity, 46, 51
I
- identity politics, 154
- ideological agendas, 45–46
- ideological debates, 25, 94, 145
- ideologies,
14–15, 21, 35–43, 45–49, 84, 95–115, 126–30, 135–36, 142–43, 145–46
- colonial, 43, 154
- essentialist, 142, 145
- institutionalised, 117
- recurring, 121, 139
- inequality,
2, 9, 11, 15–16, 36, 44, 46
- linguistic, 32, 127
- social, 11, 43
- structural, 74, 93
- institutions, 33, 68, 71, 150, 152
- interdiscursivity, 54–55, 66, 68, 76
- intertextual, 53–54, 58, 60, 75, 80
- intertextuality, 54–55, 68, 75–76, 79, 81, 90
- investment, 11, 90, 107, 123
- Irish, 7, 22–23, 31, 115, 148
L
- language
- anonymous, 101
- authentic, 139
- common, 130–31
- default, 128, 130
- dominant, 20, 145
- dominated, 145
- endangered, 80
- global, 130
- legitimate, 130
- living, 25, 27, 29, 84, 143
- minoritised, 84
- ownership of, 80
- language choice,
25–26, 72–74, 78, 80–81, 95, 97, 99, 124–25, 128–31, 133
- context-sensitive, 132
- enable, 115
- equal, 127
- free, 27, 93, 129, 138
- offering, 117
- restricted, 4
- language commodification, 12–14, 16, 92
- language economics, 38
- language endangerment, 119
- language equality, 73–74, 146
- language-ideological debates, 40, 66, 122, 129, 146
- language ideologies,
10, 16, 38–41, 45, 47–48
- monolingual purist, 145
- national, 43, 84
- pervasive, 147
- language laws, 23, 25, 48, 115, 136–37
- language market, 150
- language marketing, 25, 145
- language ownership, 77, 79
- language policy
- and planning, 7, 35, 37, 141
- critical, 9, 36
- de facto, 48, 138
- de jure, 24, 131
- explicit, 112–14, 138
- minority, 7, 12, 33, 141, 154
- national, 51–52, 56–57, 66, 86, 88
- official, 38
- practiced, 37
- language policy frameworks, 33, 47
- language policy processes, 7–10, 13, 16, 47, 138, 149, 155
- language policy research, 9, 35–37, 51, 152
- language policy texts, 53, 55, 65–66, 72, 74
- language practices, 11, 15, 39, 42, 95, 131
- language revitalisation, 7, 19, 30, 93, 100
- language schemes
- corporate, 48, 68, 72, 77, 92
- explicit, 57
- individualised Welsh, 57, 70
- language skills, 13, 73, 79, 91–92, 121–22
- language strategies, 26, 28–29, 76, 105, 121
- language voluntarism, 103, 124
- legislation, 24, 106–7, 136–37, 147
- legitimacy, 3–4, 10, 32, 55, 87, 96, 130–32
- legitimation, 74–75, 119
- linguistic practices, 10, 12, 39, 48, 60, 124
M
- macro, 10, 36, 58
- macro/micro dichotomy, 10 ; See also structuration
- marginalisation,
9, 49, 147
- historical, 119
- linguistic, 154
- market
- linguistic, 12, 14, 21, 42–43, 126, 138
- local, 148
- neoliberal, 89
- marketplace
- globalised, 120
- linguistic, 117, 122, 139, 144
- mechanisms, 33, 40, 47–49, 51, 131, 133, 142
- minority language communities, 126, 129, 145, 154
- minority language contexts, 2–4, 8, 82, 97, 144, 153, 155
- minority language promotion, 95, 148
- minority languages, 5–7, 12–13, 21–23, 99–100, 105, 108, 120–21, 127, 147, 149–50, 153
- mobility, 5, 37
- monolingualism, 42, 135, 151
- multilingualism, 5–6, 13, 154
- multilingual Wales, 55, 154
N
- national identity, 21, 43, 73, 78, 83, 100–101, 104–5, 144
- nationalism,
2, 6, 13
- banal, 86, 104
- linguistic, 84
- nation branding, 104
- nationhood, 5, 20, 43, 143–44
- nation states, 6, 33, 84, 149
- native speakerness, 96
- naturalness, 96, 111, 121, 129, 134–35, 139
- neoliberalisation, 149
- neoliberalism, 7, 14–16, 38
- neoliberal logics, 15
- nomination, 52, 59–60, 78–80, 88
- nomination strategies, 77, 91
- normalisation, 23, 28, 33
- normative assumptions, 11, 149
- normativity, 23, 33
O
- objectification, 29, 123, 149
- obligation, 25, 31, 79, 118, 132, 145
- officiality, 20, 24, 79
- official language,
24–25, 130–31, 147
- de facto, 131
- de jure, 24
- perceived, 130
- outsiderness, 3–4
P
- parallelism, 78
- perspectivation, 52, 59–60, 78–80, 91
- perspectivation strategies, 77–78, 80, 83, 88, 91
- persuasion, 30, 32, 83, 87, 136–37, 147, 151
- policing, 115
- policy actors, 8, 35, 66, 78, 80, 90
- policy-as-practice, 37
- policy-as-text, 37
- policy discourse, 25, 29, 37, 82, 100, 143, 146
- policy document, 57, 70–72, 76, 79, 81–82, 85, 90–93, 133–35
- policy makers, 14–15, 86, 150, 153–55
- policy processes,
15, 48, 74
- complex language, 11
- multi-layered, 49
- policy texts, 33, 35, 41, 58, 60, 65–66, 68, 70–72, 74
- political discourse, 25, 28, 52, 65, 85, 122–23, 138
- politics, 1–2, 152–53, 155
- power relations, 39–40, 45, 49, 66, 74, 127, 130
- practices
- discursive and social, 11, 19, 40–41, 51, 141
- predication, 52, 60
- prestige, 5, 7, 9, 42–43, 130, 136, 138
- prestige planning, 32
- pride,
15, 82, 85–86, 93, 118–20
- cultural, 16, 149
- linguistic, 118
- pride/profit, 138
- pride-profit axis, 16
- private sector, 7, 24–26, 28–32, 99, 101, 103, 106–7
- private sector bodies, 26, 31–32, 87, 106, 135
- private sector businesses, 6–7, 99, 101, 136, 138, 141, 148
- private sector companies, 28, 39, 125
- privatisation, 24
- privilege, 9, 42, 142, 150
- purism, linguistic, 126–27, 145
R
- rebranding, 120, 148
- recontextualisation, 54–55, 77, 93
- recontextualisation processes, 55, 60, 74, 77, 81, 85
- reflexive, 5, 9, 11, 38, 44
- reflexive turn, 64
- reflexivity, 3–4, 11, 49
- regime, regulatory, 24
- representation, 39, 45, 135
- researcher positionality, 2–3, 60
- resources,
10–13, 30–31, 87–88, 93, 114–15, 118, 120, 143, 146–47
- financial, 97, 110, 129
- human, 115
- material, 12, 155
- socio-cultural, 58, 74
- symbolic, 142
- value-added, 56, 74
- responsibility, 26, 33, 52, 72–73, 77, 79–80, 92–93, 143, 149
- revitalisation, 25, 33, 127
- revitalising, 90, 143
- rhetoric,
121, 138
- dominant, 26
- populist, 2
- us-them, 108
S
- Scotland, 29, 105, 122
- Scots, 29, 105
- self-reflexivity, 45–46, 152
- situatedness, 5, 63
- skills, 12, 14, 31, 33, 84, 87, 91, 118, 121–22
- social actors, 8, 10, 52, 59, 61, 77, 86, 88, 91
- social justice, 4, 26
- social practices, 7, 9, 11, 38, 40–41, 44, 48–49, 51, 141, 143
- social theory, 3, 7, 43–44, 152–53
- social wrongs, 44
- society,
15, 35–36, 39, 43–45, 154–55
- globalised, 33
- growing multi-ethnic, 21
- late modern, 6, 13, 146, 155
- neoliberal market, 15
- sociocultural resource, 82
- sociolinguistics, 9, 11, 14, 153
- sociological, 37, 48, 54
- spheres
- corporate, 56, 93
- economic, 147
- public, 8, 24, 86
- standardisation, 25, 117, 145, 147, 151
- structuration, theory of, 10
- structures
- administrative, 94
- economic, 11, 41
- political, 14, 141, 152
- social, 10, 44
- symbolism, 84, 86, 147
- symbols, 82, 89, 105, 119, 149
T
- territoriality, 5, 22
- territory, 20–21, 25, 126, 142–43
- texts
- authoritative, 75
- historicity of, 46, 51
- political, 87
- thingification, 150
- thinginess, 12, 16, 84, 92, 150
- topoi, 52, 54–55, 59–60, 72, 74
- topos, 72, 75, 79–80, 83, 85, 88–90, 92
- training, 69, 91, 99, 126
- transformations,
2, 55, 75, 81–82, 118, 155
- economic, 12, 30, 38
- social, 19, 154
- socio-economic, 5
- triangulation, 53–54, 62
- true bilingualism, 27, 73–74, 78–80, 107, 117, 132
- truly bilingual Wales, 22, 25, 29, 65, 78
V
- value
- added, 86, 93, 143
- economic,
150
- national, 29
- new, 6, 148
- social, 13, 143
- symbolic, 23, 118–19
- utilitarian, 123, 143
- voluntarism,
81, 123, 136, 145
- linguistic, 25, 145
W
- Wales
- multicultural, 154
- post-devolution, 21, 24, 27
- Welsh
- commodifying, 87
- de-legitimise, 132
- marginalise, 106
- normalising, 29, 86, 134
- promoting, 28, 51–52, 56, 124
- reify, 29
- services in, 70, 75, 87, 133
- standard, 42, 126–27
- Welsh business, 3, 8, 17, 95–115
- Welsh-English bilingualism, 2, 17, 21, 129, 135, 141
- Welsh Language Act, 24, 55, 57, 69, 75–76, 81
- Welsh Language Commissioner, 22, 24, 27, 30, 32, 107, 151–52
- Welsh Language Measure, 24, 27, 80–81, 103, 106, 135–37, 147
- Welsh language policy, 19, 23, 27, 30–31, 111–12, 115, 134–35
- Welsh language scheme, 24, 54, 75
- Welsh language skills, 4, 26–27, 30, 91–92, 99–101, 106
- Welshness, 21, 93, 119–20, 148
- Welsh speakers, 20, 22–23, 85–86, 102–3, 106, 108, 110, 121–22, 129–30, 137
- workers, 8, 91, 121, 142
- workplace, 3, 6–7, 26–31, 86–87, 100–102, 121, 148, 150–51, 153–54
