In:The Language of Crisis: Metaphors, frames and discourses
Edited by Mimi Huang and Lise-Lotte Holmgreen
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 87] 2020
► pp. 199–229
Chapter 7The ‘transformative’ power of metaphor
Assessing its unexplored potential at the crossroads between static and dynamic instances
Published online: 16 July 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.87.07fer
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.87.07fer
Abstract
Given the centrality of bodily and emotional experience to the notion of conceptual metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson 2003[1980]; Lakoff 1993; Gibbs 2006a and b;
Kövecses 2000), this chapter investigates the ‘transformative power’ of metaphor in ‘talking cure’ practices, to face personal crisis
and to produce strategic change.
Starting from the centrality of metaphor in the (-re)structuring of experience (Burns
2005; Loue 2008; Roffman 2008), its power
as a ‘transformative’ tool is fostered on the basis of its language/thought and embodiment theoretical foundations to implement its
application potential. An experimental method emerges, which adapts textual identification procedures (Steen 1999, 2010; Ferrari 2007, 2018; Pragglejaz 2007) to an integrated psychological approach (Rogers 2003[1951]; Perls, Hefferline and Goodman 1951). A psychometric test is presented to
evaluate the transformative power of ‘integrated metaphor’ in counselling.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction: Metaphor and practice, an overview
- Existing Methodological Proposals using metaphor in the ‘psycho-practice’
- Unexplored Potential? Towards an implemented definition of conceptual metaphor as ‘integrated’
- 2.Redefining metaphor, for the sake of practice
- 3.Metaphor-based and -driven counselling: Sketching a methodological framework
- 4.Feedback on the transformative power of metaphor
- 5.Discussion
- Appendix
Notes References
References (83)
Bandler, Richard and John Grinder. 1975. Patterns
of the hypnotic techniques of Milton H. Erickson M.D. Vol1
Cupertano, CA: Meta Publications.
Bayne, Rowan and Kate L. Thompson. 2000. “Counsellor
response to clients’ metaphors: An evaluation and refinement of Strong’s model.” Counselling
Psychology
Quarterly 13 (1): 37–49.
Boone, Rebecca K. and Vicki E. Bowman. 1997. “Therapeutic
metaphors: Gateways to understanding.” International Journal for the Advancement of
Counselling 19(3): 313–327.
Cameron-Bandler, Leslie. 1985. Solutions:
Practical and effective antidotes for sexual and relationship problems. San Rafael: Future Pace.
Charteris-Black, Jonathan. 2012a. “Forensic
deliberations on ‘purposeful metaphor.” Metaphor and the Social
World 2: 1–21.
. 2012b. “Shattering
the bell jar: Metaphor, gen-der and depression.” Metaphor and
Symbol 27 (3): 199–216.
Charteris-Black Jonathan. 2016. “The
‘dull roar’ and the ‘burning barbed wire pantyhose; Complex metaphor in accounts of chronic
pain.” In Mixing Metaphor. (Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and
Communication), ed. by Raymond W. Gibbs, 155–176. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Clarkson, Petruska and Jennifer Mackewn. 1993. Key
Figures in Counselling and
Psychotherapy. London: Sage.
Eynon, Terri. 2001. “Metaphor:
The impossible translation?” British Journal of
Psychotherapy 17 (3): 353–364.
Erickson, Milton H. 1935. “A study of an experimental neurosis
hypnotically induced in a case of ejaculatio praecox.” British Journal of Medical
Psychology 15: 34–50. Also in
Advanced Techniques of Hypnosis and Therapy: Selected Papers of Milton H. Erickson,
M.D., ed. by Jay Haley (1967). New York: Grune & Stratton.
1952/1980. “Deep hypnosis and its
induction”. In Leslie M. LeCron (Ed.) 1952. Experimental
hypnosis. New York: Macmillan. Reprinted
in Ernest L. Rossi (Ed.). 1980. The
Collected Papers of Milton H. Erickson on
Hypnosis. Vol. 1. The Nature of Hypnosis and
Suggestion: 139-167. New York: Irvington.
1944. “The method employed to formulate a
complex story for the induction of the experimental neurosis.” Journal of Genetic
Psychology 31: 67–84. Also in
Advanced Techniques of Hypnosis and Therapy: Selected Papers of Milton H. Erickson,
M.D., ed. by Jay Haley (1967). New York: Grune & Stratton.
Ferendo, Frank J. 2007. “Integral Medicine: body, mind &
emotions.” In Holistic Perspectives & Integral Theory. On seeing what
is, ed. by Frank J. Ferendo, 105–112. Westerly, Rhode Island: Process Publishing Company.
Ferrari, Federica. 2007. “Metaphor
at Work in the Analysis of Political Discourse. Investigating a ‘preventive war’ persuasion
strategy.” Discourse &
Society 18(5): 603–625.
. 2012. “‘Through
a Woman’s Eyes’ Narratives of the Nation: Gender as and Beyond a Category of Analysis.” Journal of
Multicultural
Discourses 7(3): 243–62.
2018. Metaphor
and Persuasion in Strategic Communication: Sustainable Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
(forthcoming). “The
‘transformative’ power of ‘integrated metaphor’: applying and measuring its implemented
potential” To appear in Dennis, Tay (Ed.) “Critical,
conceptual, and applicative perspectives on metaphor and mental health”, Proposed Special Issue
for Metaphor and the Social
World. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Fine, Harold J, Howard R. Pollio and Charles H. Simkinson. 1973. “Figurative language,
metaphor and psychotherapy.” Psychotherapy: Research and
Practice 10: 87-91.
Fothergill, Rick. 2012. “Oxford
guide to metaphors in CBT: building cognitive bridges.” British Journal of Guidance &
Counselling 40(1): 104-106.
Gallese, Vittorio and George Lakoff. 2005. “The
Brain’s Concepts: The Role of the Sensory-Motor System in Conceptual Knowledge.” Cognitive
Neuropsychology 21 (4): 455–479.
Gonçalves, Oscar F. and Michael. H. Craine. 1990. “The
Use of Metaphors in Cognitive Therapy.” Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International
Quarterly 4(2): 135–149.
Gore, Neil S. 1977. “Psychological functions of
metaphors.” Dissertation Abstracts
International 38: 2861-13. (University
Microfilms No. 77-26, 248)
Hayes, Jill. 2011. “Moving
the metaphor: An act of surrender.” Body, Movement and Dance in
Psychotherapy 6(2): 117–127.
Holmes, Jeremy. 1985. “The
language of psychotherapy: metaphor, ambiguity, wholeness.” British Journal of
Psychotherapy 1(4): 240–254.
Kopp, Sheldon B. 1972. If you meet the Buddha on the road, kill
him! Palo Alto, CA: Science & Behavior Books.
Kopp, Richard R. 1995. Metaphor therapy. Using Client-Generated
Metaphors in Psychotherapy. Bristol (PA): Brunnel/Mazel (Taylor & Francis Group).
Kopp, Richard R. and Michael J. Craw. 1998. “Metaphoric
language, metaphoric cognition, and cognitive
therapy.” Psychotherapy 35(3): 306–311.
Kövecses, Zoltan. 2000. Metaphor
and Emotion: Language, Culture and Body in Human
Feeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lakoff, George. 1987. Women,
Fire and Dangerous Things. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
. 1993. The
contemporary theory of metaphor. In Metaphor and
Thought (2nd
edition), ed. by Andrew Ortony, 202–251. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 1997. How
Unconscious Metaphorical Thought Shapes Dreams. In Cognitive Science and
the Unconscious, ed. by Dan J. Stein, 89–120. Washington, D.C/ London, England: American Psychiatric Press.
. 2008. The
Neural Theory of Metaphor. In The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor &
Thought, ed. by Raymond W. Gibbs, 17–38. Cambridge University Press.
. 2009R. “The
Neural Theory of Metaphor.” Report: January, 2009. An earlier version appeared in: The Cambridge
Handbook of Metaphor and Thought, 2008, ed. by Raymon W. Gibbs, 17–38. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lakoff, George and Mark Johnson. 1999. Philosophy
in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenges to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.
Lankton, Stephen R. 1980. Practical magic: a translation of
neuro-linguistic programming into clinical
psychotherapy. Cupertino: Meta Publications.
Lankton, Stephen R. and Carol H. Lankton 1983. The
answer within: A clinical framework of Ericksonian hypnotherapy. New York. Brunner/Mazel.
Levitt, Heidi, Yifaht Korman and Lynne Angus. 2000. “A
metaphor analysis in treatments of depression: Metaphor as a marker of change.” Counselling
Psychology
Quarterly 13(1): 23–35.
Liu, Liang, Xudong Zhao and John K. Miller. 2014. "Use of metaphors in
Chinese family therapy: a qualitative study." Journal of Family
Therapy 36 (S1): 65-85.
Long, Philippa S. and Georgia Lepper. 2008. “Metaphor
in psychoanalytic psychotherapy: A comparative study of four cases by a
practitioner-researcher.” British Journal of
Psychotherapy 24(3): 343–364.
Loue, Sana. 2008. The
Transformative Power of Metaphor in Therapy. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Martin, Jack, Anne L. Cummings and Ernest T. Hallberg. 1992. “Therapists' intentional
use of metaphor: Memorability, clinical impact, and possible epistemic/motivational
functions.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology 60: 143-145.
Mathieson, Lindsay C. and Marie L. Hoskins. 2005. “Metaphors
of change in the context of eating disorders: Bridging understandings with girls’
perceptions.” Canadian Journal of
Counselling 39(4): 260–274.
Perls, Frederick S., Ralph F. Hefferline, and Paul, Goodman 1951. Gestalt
Therapy: Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality. New York: Julian Press.
Perls, Frederick S., Ralph Hefferline and Paul Goodman. 1973. The
Gestalt Approach & Eye Witness to Therapy. New York, NY: Bantam Books.
Pernicano, Pat. 2010. Metaphorical
stories for child therapy: Of magic and miracles. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
Pragglejaz Group 2007. “MIP: A
Method for Identifying Metaphorically Used Words in
Discourse.” In Metaphor and
Symbol 22(1), 1–39.
Råbu, Marit, Hanne Haavind and Per-Einar Binder. 2013. “We
have travelled a long distance and sorted out the mess in the drawers: Metaphors for moving towards the end in
psychotherapy.” Counselling and Psychotherapy
Research, 13 (1): 71–80.
Rasmussen, Brian and Lynne Angus. 1996. “Metaphor
in psychodynamic psychotherapy with borderline and non-borderline clients: A qualitative
analysis.” Psychotherapy 33(4): 521–530.
Reynolds, Frances. 1996. “Working
with movement as a metaphor: Understanding the therapeutic impact of physical exercise from a gestalt
perspective.” Counselling Psychology
Quarterly 9(4): 383–390.
Roffman, Andrew E. 2008. “Men are Grass. Bateson, Erickson,
Utilization and Metaphor.” American Journal of Clinical
Hypnosis 50(3): 247–257.
Schoeneman, Thomas J., Janel Putnam, Ian Rasmussen, Nina Sparr and Stephanie Beechem. 2012. “A
Fire in the blood: Metaphors of Bipolar Disorder in Jamison’s An Unquiet Mind.” Journal of Medical
Humanities 33(3): 185–205.
Semino, Elena. 2010. “Descriptions
of Pain, Metaphor, and Embodied Simulation.” Metaphor &
Symbol 25: 205–226.
Spence, Donald P. 1993. “The Metaphorical Nature of
Psychoanalytic Theory”. In Essential Papers on Literature and
Psychoanalysis, ed. by Emanuel Berman, 102–115. New York: New York University Press.
Stott, Richard, Warren Mansell, Paul Salkovskis, Anna Lavender and Sam Cartwright-Hatton. 2010. Oxford
Guide to Metaphors in CBT: Building Cognitive Bridges. Oxford University Press.
Steen, Gerard J. 1999. “From linguistic to conceptual
metaphor in five steps.” In Metaphor in Cognitive
Linguistics, ed. by Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. and Gerard J. Steen, 55–77. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Steen, Gerard. 2008. “The
Paradox of metaphor: Why we need a three-dimensional model of metaphor.” Metaphor and
Symbol 23: 213–241.
Strong, Tom. 1989. “Metaphors
and client change in counseling.” International Journal for the Advancement of
Counseling 12: 203–213.
Tay, Dennis. 2012. “Applying
the Notion of Metaphor Types to Enhance Counseling Protocols. Journal of Counseling and Development:
JCD”. Retrieved October 29, 2012, from [URL]
Thompson, Kellie. 2012. “Multi-agency
information practices in children’s services: the metaphorical ‘jigsaw’ and professionals quest for a ‘full’
picture.” Child & Family Social Work. Article first published
online: 13 JAN 2012, DOI:
Turner, Mark and Gilles Fauconnier. 1999. “A
mechanism of creativity.” Poetics
Today 20(3): 397–418.
Van Parys, Hanna and Peter Rober. 2013. “Micro-analysis
of a therapist-generated metaphor referring to the position of a parentified child in the
family.” Journal of Family
Therapy. 35(1): 89–113.
Voth, Harold M. 1970. “The Analysis of
Metaphor.” Journal of the American Psychoanalytic
Association 18(3): 59–621.
Young, J. Scott and L. Dianne Borders. 1998. “The
impact of metaphor on clinical hypothesis formation and perceived supervisory
characteristics.” Counselor Education and
Supervision 37(4): 238–256.
Witztum, Eliezer O., Onno Van Der Hart and Barbara Friedman. 1988. “The
Use of Metaphors in Psychotherapy.” Journal of Contemporary
Psychotherapy 18 (4): 270–290.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
Hammond, Kay & Julie Trafford
Ferrari, Federica, Mariangela Picciuolo & Daniele Bigi
Ferrari, Federica
2020. The ‘transformative’ power of ‘integrated metaphor’ in counselling. Metaphor and the Social World 10:2 ► pp. 292 ff.
Ferrari, Federica
2025. The voice of the virus or the virus’s shadow?. In COVID-19 [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 11], ► pp. 122 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
