In:Representing the Other in European Media Discourses
Edited by Jan Chovanec and Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 74] 2017
► pp. 309–320
Index
Published online: 23 November 2017
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.74.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.74.index
A
- ABC 138
- aboutness57
- abuse
- of asylum system271
- of benefits195
- of welfare system173
- or rights173
- verbal173
- access
- privileged 4, 105
- accession 26, 97, 109, 111, 114, 129, 161, 174, 183–184, 202, 222
- accountability248
- total67
- acculturation160
- actor86
- social 137, 189
- address
- direct/indirect138
- adult
- men145
- affective polarization235
- agent
86, 89
- identity-forming4
- semantic 86, 244
- aggregation 188, 192, 197, 268
- aggression
- verbal 227, 283, 286–287, 292
- aktualne.cz 239
- alien
4, 236
- expulsion of265
- illegal 4, 163
- alienation
175, 253
- online228
- sense of175
- allusion 16, 34, 45, 246
- Amnesty International269
- ancestors 248–250
- anger 17, 249, 281, 291, 295
- angle 138, 147
- animalization 141, 292, 298
- anonymity 17, 185, 238, 282, 288, 295, 299
- anti-establishment247
- anti-intellectualism222
- anti-nationalism 40–41
- anti-Semitism 27, 33–34, 46, 162, 200
- appropriation 5, 248, 254
- Arab Spring297
- argumentation 6, 162, 172, 187, 215, 222, 236, 244, 246, 250, 268, 295
- arson attack 173, 285, 287
- assimilation
28, 160, 178, 264, 268
- forcible264
- asylum271
- seekers 30, 208, 224, 237, 261, 269, 271–273, 283
- African30
- Austria 27, 34, 46, 98
- Austrian
- oppression38
- authorities
145, 247, 265
- British170
- EU 126–128
- axiological axis 14, 133
B
- backwardness 18, 43, 176, 252
- Balkans 9, 18
- Baltic
- countries 18, 115
- media 287, 294
- banal nationalism 159, 176
- Basque18
- beggar 195, 196, 217, 224, 227
- begging 195–197, 224
- behaver86
- behaviour
- anti-social200
- Belgium 261, 270
- belonging
- sense of 158, 178
- beneficiary 86, 90
- benefits
172–173, 196, 201–202, 213, 222
- claimant 166, 172, 202, 213
- fraud 197, 202
- tourism175
- abuse196
- social178
- system 191, 215, 222
- betrayal 178, 218–219, 247, 253
- Big Issue scam196
- birth-rate34
- blog 186, 203, 211
- bloodline 250–251
- boat 142, 147
- body 143, 141
- bonding 158, 165
- borders
30, 269
- Belgian272
- between groups 12, 56, 59
- closed269
- Hungarian32
- Brexit 18–19, 103, 221, 229
- British
- authorities170
- economy197
- imperialism173
- majority199
- media 2, 11, 166, 173–174, 185, 190, 201, 241
- politicians166
- press 108–109, 166, 183–184, 193
- society175
- Travellers241
- welfare196
- workers194
- Britons 115, 194, 202
- broadcast
- media 4–5
- radio165
- broadsheets 105, 108, 240
- Brussels
26, 29, 37, 46–48, 87, 111, 129, 221
- bureaucracy29
- Bulgaria 183, 212, 222
- Bulgarians 10, 16, 91, 129, 186, 188, 192, 197, 199–200, 212, 214, 231
- burden 145, 178, 192, 217, 231, 284
- busking196
C
- capital
- cultural108
- social108
- capitalism 31, 40, 47–48
- caption 139–141
- Catalan18
- categorization 5, 130, 163, 171, 214, 270
- Caucasian230
- censorship 28, 37–38, 44, 46, 227, 286
- Central Europeans 7, 14, 126, 129, 133, 225
- Ceuta 137, 140–141
- circumstance 87, 170
- circumstantial 90, 94
- citizen
82, 93, 117, 126–132, 138, 172, 262
- deserving178
- discourse 2, 4, 19
- civil
- guard 140, 146
- rights262
- society 277–278
- class194
- prejudice187
- socioeconomic 194, 201–202
- cleansing264
- cohesion56
- group12
- internal70
- collapse208
- of communism27
- collective
- fear298
- identity 3, 6, 15, 161, 165, 170, 253
- memory 7, 190, 222
- noun190
- collectivization 141, 190, 253, 268–269, 272
- collocation 12–13, 56, 59–60, 63–64, 67, 77, 110–111, 116, 167
- colour
143–144
- of skin 199, 286
- comments
see also discussion forum, reader comments
- in online news28
- Internet282
- ironic 39, 253
- policy185
- commodification163
- common
- experience 246, 244
- ground 244, 248
- people253
- communism
36–37, 46, 292
- fall of 27, 36, 160
- communist
28, 31–32, 36–37, 46, 132, 224
- era36
- party 31, 292
- regime292
- rule28
- community12
- British75
- established73
- expatriate 11, 165, 167, 243
- host 199, 242
- Chinese60
- Christian66
- imagined 1, 15, 158, 171, 178, 217, 225
- immigrant 165, 167, 243
- isolated73
- Italian75
- LGBT70
- media9
- migrant175
- Muslim 66, 74–75
- national 7, 10, 136
- online 216, 220
- Polish 15, 167, 170–171, 175, 178
- political138
- refugee283
- Roma199
- sense of75
- separate158
- spirit170
- traveller 70, 75
- website14
- comparison162
- diachronic6
- compassion 17, 142, 293, 295
- competition193
- unfair193
- concordance
62, 67, 73, 126, 189
- analysis 13, 126, 167
- connotation 59, 77, 115, 273
- Conservatives 173, 208, 213
- conspiracy33
- left-liberal32
- theory 46, 222, 283, 291, 298–299
- construal
14, 124, 130–131
- ideology-laden 123, 130
- of Europeans128
- container
- metaphor 190–191, 228
- contamination 212, 231
- contextualization162
- corpus linguistics58
- Council of Europe 83, 100, 264
- counter narrative 5, 297
- covert
- communication 246–247, 263
- manipulation11
- other-presentation125
- profiling103
- crime 113, 164, 200, 223, 272
- criminal
140–141, 197, 270
- behaviour200
- criminality 141, 145, 247, 264, 273
- criminalization 10, 14, 141, 145, 148, 197
- crisis
- economic 4, 8, 42–43, 48, 139
- financial47
- identity 107–108, 157, 179, 187
- refugee 288, 298
- Croatians188
- cultural
- incompatibility 252, 254, 275
- politics262
- stranger3
- trauma 289, 296, 299
- culture272
- Hungarian34
- Polish 165, 175
- popular 247, 254
- shared247
- Czechs 188, 253
D
- Daily Mail 239
- Daily Telegraph 105, 108, 185, 213
- danger
178, 191, 200
- existential41
- debt
- crisis98
- slavery47
- trap40
- decadence46
- decay 44, 48, 245
- decline
44, 48
- of America 44, 48
- of liberalism 30, 43
- of population284
- of the West 12, 44, 48
- defamation287
- dehumanization 242, 298
- deictic
- centre 241, 251
- positioning212
- deixis
228, 237, 245
- personal222
- social175
- spatio-temporal237
- temporal245
- delegitimization 236, 252
- Delfi 288
- delocalization 16, 244
- demonization43
- demystification177
- denial 224–225
- denigration 18, 138, 242
- deontic modals176
- depersonalization211
- depolitization147
- deportation 242, 269
- designation 88, 95
- de-territorialization 212, 244, 254
- dialogism 4, 214, 247
- diaspora 15, 161, 176
- dictatorship37
- differentiation 1, 3, 11, 254, 273
- digital folklore283
- dichotomy
7, 282, 297
- of groups 11, 14, 124, 253–254, 297
- disadvantage 178, 193, 196–197, 200
- disassociation 16, 242, 254, 264
- disclaimer
162, 225, 238, 272, 296
- racist225
- discourse
- anti-immigrant 192, 203
- anti-refugee294
- anti-Roma16
- anti-Semitic 34, 44, 46
- asynchronous online215
- citizen 2–4, 19
- dehumanizing 245, 298–299
- digital210
- discriminatory 162, 242, 245, 251
- elite 14, 18, 28, 30, 104, 125, 136
- emotional 17, 295, 299
- enlargement 105, 109
- Europhobic 202–203
- headline 85, 100
- historical 10, 27, 35–36, 38
- human rights277
- changing19
- immigration187
- inclusionary278
- keyword 56, 60, 62
- mediated 2, 9, 109, 162
- moralistic17
- nationalistic18
- news237
- of disenfranchisement17
- of Eastern Europe187
- of European integrationism 2, 6
- of scarcity192
- of the good-old-times 18, 251
- official 5, 15
- official EU107
- online 215, 298
- oppositional242
- political 18, 28, 34–35, 197, 297–299
- populist 16, 18, 215, 221, 230–231, 237
- prejudicial 6, 16–17, 215, 242, 254
- public 9, 14–15, 18, 28, 55, 108–109, 162–163, 185, 203
- right-wing 16–17, 35, 208–209, 215, 228, 231, 235
- semi-public 5, 8, 14, 28, 30, 183, 236, 254, 299
- space 4, 10, 237, 245, 251, 254
- visual142
- xenophobic187
- discourse-historical approach 12, 26–27, 48, 122, 162, 184, 187
- discrimination
3, 6–7, 11, 138, 214, 254
- in workplace164
- reverse247
- discussion forum 4, 16, 208, 231, 238, 247, 250, 254 ; see also blog, comments, online discussion
- disease
145, 201, 212, 293
- infectious 145, 200
- disempowerment 17, 145, 277
- disenfranchisement18
- disgust 17, 293, 298
- disillusionment 18, 26, 209
- disintegration17
- disparagement236
- dispersal244
- displacement 191–195
- dissatisfaction 239, 250
- dissident171
- dissimilation28
- dissociation236
- distance
14, 140, 146, 214, 237, 255
- deictic252
- discursive 133, 137
- impersonal146
- social146
- dogma36
- dominance263
- of cultural norms241
- world47
- domination
- cultural283
- foreign46
- Habsburg35
- Soviet 25, 46
- dysphemism 14, 144
E
- Eastern Europeans 7, 15, 114–115, 122, 126, 130–131, 133, 189–190, 192, 194, 196–199, 202, 212, 218, 225
- economic
- competition160
- convergence26
- crisis 4, 42–43, 128, 164
- failure230
- hardship 48, 172, 207
- integration83
- migration 172, 278
- reform158
- refugee 276, 278, 297
- threat112
- economics
- neo-liberal31
- economy
- British 164, 177, 197
- market198
- ECHR266
- El País 138
- election propaganda4
- elections 6, 18
- elite
104, 194–195, 218
- business194
- discourse 4, 14, 18, 28, 30, 104, 125, 136
- European127
- intellectual4
- political 4, 171
- Western states18
- emotion 11, 17, 177, 250, 286, 290, 299
- emotional
- argumentation 17, 296
- economies296
- protest 282, 299
- reaction250
- response290
- employment193
see also unemployment
- rate164
- enemy
32, 38, 48, 98, 100, 209
- internal38
- international48
- left-liberal32
- of nation37
- within 12, 35, 38, 218
- enlargement4 see EU enlargement
- enslavement45
- entextualization
15, 157
- mediated 15, 157
- entitlement250
- essentialization 159, 209, 264–265
- Estonia 17, 284, 297
- Estonians
17, 291, 297
- in Finland297
- ethnic
- cleansing264
- minority144
- stereotype7
- ethnicity
160, 199, 231, 243, 251
- EU
- accession 26, 129
- authorities 127–128
- citizens 127, 131
- discourse109
- enlargement 4, 8, 14, 83–84, 109, 195, 208
- family127
- immigration222
- integration26
- integrationism18
- representatives33
- member states 17, 18, 98–100, 133
- member states governments132
- migrants 202, 216, 226
- newcomers115
- values100
- workers195
- EU-external
- others18
- European
- civilization30
- Commission 32, 98, 129, 132
- Convention on Human Rights 265, 273
- Court of Human Rights261
- left 30, 37
- Parliament 32, 127
- sport92
- values 39, 213
- European Union 3, 30, 39, 48, 83, 94–95, 101, 104, 127, 131, 160, 192, 202, 221, 292
- European-ness179
- Europeans
- second-class191
- Europhobia202
- Euroscepticism 8–9, 18, 158, 202, 221
- Eurovision Song Contest84
- Eurozone18
- EUSSR 214, 220–221
- evaluation 59, 174, 177, 191, 246
- evaluative load12
- exclusion 3, 17, 60, 105, 175, 237, 261
- existential
- danger41
- fear283
- threat 12, 26, 30, 34
- expatriate 15, 70, 161, 165, 171, 178
- exploitation 48, 264
- expulsion 17, 265, 272, 276
F
- Facebook 4, 288, 297
- failure
- economic230
- moral44
- of liberalism 44, 48
- to integrate 242, 252
- fallacy223
- family lineage251
- fear
17, 114, 146, 219, 239, 286, 294, 298
- existential283
- of conflict284
- of Eastern Europeans114
- of immigrants146
- of persecution271
- of the other29
- of unemployment286
- fence 30, 141, 146–147
- fictionalization248
- Fidesz 26–27, 29–31, 34–36, 39–40, 44
- fight
- for independence 35, 46
- Finland297
- flaming 5, 16, 227, 238, 286, 295
- flood 193, 271, 292
- fluidity178
- folk beliefs 17, 299
- folkloric beliefs283
- follow-up5
- foreign
- power 12, 28, 34, 38, 47–48
- power interference38
- foreigner 144, 161, 209, 241, 294
- framing 139, 146, 162, 179, 192, 249, 254, 263, 268, 272
- free
- market economy160
- movement260
- freedom fighter 12, 38, 47–48
- friends 81, 100
- functionalisation192
G
- gay
70, 298
- marriage298
- gaze 71, 147
- gender145
- general
- public 7, 9, 109, 203
- generic
- conventions5
- generosity 17, 278, 293
- Geneva Convention on Refugees271
- genocide269
- Germans39
- Germany 223, 285
- ghettoization243
- global
- crisis296
- finance 39, 42, 45–48
- financial crisis47
- Jewish plot291
- periphery252
- transition narrative48
- globalization 3, 136, 159, 276
- good old days 217, 245
- grand narrative 160, 162, 283
- Greek
- debt crisis98
- group6
- contrast9
- dichotomies7
- disadvantaged6
- dominant 243, 250
- ethnic 254, 264
- excluded240
- homogenous 59, 145
- majority 72, 221, 241
- marginalized 6, 239
- migrant73
- minority 16, 71–72, 74
- powerful 4, 7, 77
- privileged16
- religious70
- Guardian 14, 65, 125, 185
- Gypsy 70, 273, 276
H
- Habsburgs 35, 46
- hate223
- speech 173, 291, 297
- headline 13, 82, 84, 100, 125, 197, 285
- hegemony
28, 98
- Soviet26
- heritage
- cultural158
- national165
- symbolic248
- heteroglossia247
- historical
- memory298
- history
7–8, 10, 12, 16, 230, 250–251, 298
- national 28, 250
- Holocaust 265, 269–270
- home
- country 249, 271
- homeland 230, 241, 297
- homelessness 164, 196
- homogenization 145, 264–265
- hospitality 270, 293
- host
- community 187, 199
- country 190, 245, 270
- society 15, 199
- housing193
- human
- dignity262
- rights 16, 265, 273
- Hungarian
- nation 26–27, 35, 37, 40, 46–48
- Socialist Party31
- Hungarians188
- Hungary 25, 27, 31
- hypothetical
- immigration194
- individual194
- location254
- scenario244
- space242
C
- Charlie Hebdo 281
- children
71, 145, 172, 292
- of migrants 164, 270
- China 19, 47
- Christian
- community66
- Europe41
- people196
- political party283
- society196
- values46
- virtues39
- Christianity39
I
- identification187
- identity
70, 264
- collective 2–3, 15, 161–162, 165, 170, 174–176, 253, 264
- community214
- crisis 107–108, 157, 179, 187
- discourse 27, 35, 38, 48, 105
- emergent11
- ethnic 195, 208
- European 107, 113, 163, 212
- expression162
- fixed159
- fluid 15, 163, 165
- group 158, 174, 240, 245
- historical 48, 253
- Hungarian 34, 38
- imaginary245
- immigrant159
- local3
- mediated collective162
- migrant 15, 178, 184
- national 37, 39, 105, 160, 163
- nested208
- new163
- new European Roma264
- online213
- pan-European2
- Polish 170, 174
- position160
- post-national105
- projected9
- relational 9, 240, 245
- religious70
- reproduction of162
- sense of 162, 179
- social 3, 9, 159
- virtual208
- ideological
- construal 14, 124, 130
- constructs2
- polarization 14, 124–126, 129–130
- power108
- slant124
- square 6, 125, 173, 209, 224, 251, 263, 271
- standpoint124
- transfer of meaning106
- worldview106
- ideology
28, 38, 42, 45–46
- integrationist18
- official 4, 238
- reproduction 124–125
- right-wing 228, 230, 238
- illegality 140, 148
- illiberal
- turn 12, 26, 48
- illiberalism48
- image
- of the European9
- imagery 116, 285
- imaginary
- collectivity18
- identity245
- imagined
- boundary161
- community 1, 15, 171, 178, 217, 225
- immigrant
- African179
- Asian177
- Eastern European 186, 197–198, 203, 213
- illegal 35, 58, 272
- low-skilled198
- neighbourhood239
- Polish 15, 158, 165–166, 174, 178–179, 184, 260
- Roma 251, 261, 268
- sub-Saharan 14, 140, 142
- successful178
- women 142, 145
- workforce297
- immigration
15, 30, 37, 116, 136, 147, 201–202, 212, 222–223, 231, 236, 244–245, 252, 260, 283–284, 291
- African136
- control 175, 201–202, 223, 262
- discourse241
- Eastern European 194, 201–202
- law178
- mass 8, 291
- non-European8
- policy262
- Polish195
- post-2004186
- Roma 236, 249
- survey170
- impersonalization 163, 171, 268
- impersonation245
- implicitness 6, 143, 213, 244, 247, 251, 270
- impoliteness185
- inadaptability 264, 272
- in-between-ness 15, 176, 179
- incivility 185, 221, 238
- inclusion 56, 262, 267
- incompatibility
16, 252–253, 255
- cultural242
- inequality18
- inference 6, 85, 202, 247
- inferiority 16, 176, 221, 251
- information value 139, 146
- ingroup 4, 6, 10, 12, 16, 18, 59, 124, 142, 145, 191, 202, 218, 226, 235, 241, 243–245, 247–254, 263
- integration
70–71, 243
- European9
- integrationism 2, 10, 18
- intensification 6, 162, 177, 236
- interaction
- dialogic 4, 214
- interference
- foreign 12, 36, 46–48
- internal othering18
- internationalism 38, 46
- intertextuality 35, 48, 203, 240, 247, 254, 299
- intra-national unity161
- invisibility 83, 99–100
- irony 199, 253, 293
- Islam 30, 70
J
- Jews 44, 291
- job market 114, 164, 183, 194
K
- keyness
58, 65
- statistical 58, 65
- keyword
60, 62, 77
- cultural 59–60
- discourse62
- statistical65
- kuruc35
L
- labanc35
- labelling
12, 32, 58, 83, 174, 177, 218, 271, 298
- collective252
- negative287
- pejorative242
- labour
- cheap194
- market 115–116, 164, 192
- unqualified164
- Labour
57, 208, 223, 229, 239
- New57
- language
- proficiency164
- skills176
- Latvians 114, 188
- Le Monde 82, 84–85, 88, 96, 98–100
- left-liberal 32–33, 35, 38–39, 46
- legitimacy 177–178, 262
- legitimation6
- legitimization 15, 105, 236, 244, 252, 254
- lesbian70
- liberalism 12, 28, 31, 36, 40–43, 45–48
- linguistic image
- of the world 13, 106–107, 116
- theory of107
- Lithuanians188
- local
- community 164, 170, 212, 239, 246
- context 7–8, 253
- government71
- identity3
- news165
- politicians 253, 271
- politics7
- population193
- way of life292
- lurkers 215, 229
- LuxLeaks99
M
- Magyar Nemzet 25, 29, 43
- majority 246, 253–254, 285
- manipulation
11, 162
- of conceptual space237
- of discourse space245
- of reality263
- textual138
- marginalization
144, 237, 239
- double99
- of Roma237
- markedness 13, 113, 117
- media
4–5
- Belgian 14–15
- bias 10, 179, 268
- British 2, 12, 166, 173–174, 185, 190, 193
- censorship44
- citizen 10–11
- community4
- conservative201
- Czech 16, 198, 214–215, 240, 247
- debate 268, 276
- discourse 3, 7, 10–11, 106, 136, 175, 190, 194–195, 242, 266, 268, 276, 298
- discourse space4
- Estonian 14–15, 289, 294, 297
- Flemish 268, 276, 283
- foreign32
- frame7
- French13
- grassroots286
- ideology 4–5
- interactive 1–2
- international283
- Italian11
- liberal201
- mainstream 2, 9, 11, 14, 238, 266, 284, 294, 298
- mass 4, 108
- messages5
- misrepresentation106
- national1
- neutrality268
- official240
- online 15–16, 178, 190
- pan-Baltic294
- pan-European11
- participatory2
- Polish-language 165, 178
- popular 165, 244
- practices11
- print 1–2, 4, 110, 158, 286
- private26
- professionals4
- representation 5, 195
- right-wing194
- Romanian198
- semi-public 1, 282, 298
- site 5, 11, 15, 185
- social 4, 14, 214–215, 238, 286, 297–298
- Spanish 14, 136
- state26
- trans-local11
- web-based 4–5
- mediated
- voice247
- mediation7
- medical
- frame143
- Mediterranean137
- Melilla 140–141, 146
- meme 254, 296
- menial
- work192
- mental
- image104
- world 107–108
- meta-discussion 12, 58, 65–66
- metaphor
15, 190–191, 202, 228, 231, 241, 298
- naturalized231
- metonymy 83, 90, 126, 129, 214
- migrant
15, 90, 224, 239, 276–277
see also immigrant
- Eastern European 187, 212
- economic164
- group73
- identity15
- intra-European10
- non-European17
- Polish 160–161, 165–166, 170, 175, 178–179
- Roma 251, 253, 261, 276–277
- Romanian198
- status170
- voice245
- migration
56, 61, 64–65, 70, 77, 271, 278, 282
see also immigration
- debate282
- discourse 12, 16, 59, 64–65, 75, 77, 241
- East-European261
- economic 164, 278
- flow4
- mass283
- Polish 158, 166, 177, 184, 188
- post-2004 15, 188
- Roma 241, 261, 277, 283
- minimum
- wage 164, 193
- minority
7, 70, 275
- ethnic 10, 238
- group 74, 77
- non-European10
- non-white199
- religious3
- Roma 200, 212, 238, 246, 254, 259, 265
- mitigation 6, 162, 177, 214
- mock tolerance242
- mockery 188, 196
- mode of belonging171
- moderation
185, 239
- of reader comments 185, 238–239, 244, 287, 296
- moderator 227–228, 287
- MojaWyspa 158
- Moldovans188
- money transfer113
- moral
- codes221
- decay48
- dilemma174
- distance237
- duty284
- failure44
- laws249
- legitimacy262
- norm237
- panic 55, 163, 212, 282
- superiority18
- values298
- morality 178, 211, 296
- motherland 160–161, 175
- multiculturalism 41, 48
- multimodality 6, 139, 161
- Muslim 59, 70, 72, 74, 76, 129, 196
- myth
160, 299
- founding224
- national 39, 283
- mythical
- past38
- mythologization160
N
- narrative
30, 32, 240, 250, 253, 296, 299
- counter 5, 296
- cultural299
- grand 162, 283, 297
- historic47
- historical298
- national163
- of cultural trauma281
- of immigration170
- othering229
- right-wing35
- scenario 240, 248
- script 240, 252
- storytelling253
- structure 30, 45
- narrativization 162, 240
- nation158
- Hungarian48
- national
- anxiety261
- association 83, 89
- awareness2
- boundaries 111, 243, 250
- community 7, 136
- crisis46
- culture163
- discourse71
- government113
- grand narrative283
- history250
- identity 28, 37, 70, 159–160, 163, 165, 170, 276
- interest 26, 41
- media17
- myth 39, 237, 283
- origin 192, 268
- past250
- press 108–109
- security262
- self-awareness159
- sovereignty 39, 48
- nationalism 10, 163, 284
- nation-state 261, 276, 278
- nativism230
- NATO 160, 220
- naturalization170
- neo-liberalism 31, 41
- news
- discourse 105, 162
- media 14, 99, 238, 282
- media site5
- newsworthiness98
- NHS 166, 192, 217
- nomadism 264, 276
- nomination 6, 214
- non-belonging254
- non-citizen 147, 262, 273
- non-EU
- state 83–84, 96–97, 100
- non-governmental
- organization 145, 264
- non-integration243 see also failure to integrate
- non-native
- speaker 16, 214, 226
- normality179
- Northern Ireland18
O
- offence 173, 197 ; see also crime
- offer image 143, 147
- online
- comments 45, 185, 213, 223, 230, 235, 238, 283
- communication282
- discussion 45, 208, 223, 230, 282
- discussion forum16
- media 16, 178
- news 4, 17, 28, 239, 289
- portal 158, 165, 289
- opinion
- leader4
- opposition
- domestic 33, 35, 47
- media26
- political 35, 37
- ordinary
- people 194, 222, 249
- organization
- inter-governmental83
- non-governmental 84, 89, 145, 264
- Polish 176, 178, 184
- sports89
- origin
- national 192, 268
- origin-blindness192
- other
- EU-internal17
- Ottoman Turks46
- outgroup 3, 6, 16, 77, 124, 159, 191, 199–200, 202, 212, 214, 237, 240, 243–245, 247, 250–254, 263
- overgeneralization163
- overlexicalization274
- over-population137
P
- parasite 231, 298
- parody 199, 203
- passivity 143–144, 244
- patient 86, 89–90, 92, 244
- patriotism 171, 178, 250, 291
- people
- ordinary5
- periphery
8, 252
- European186
- geographical99
- perpetrator-victim reversal220
- personalization 171, 185
- perspectivization 6, 162, 175, 197, 217, 236, 244, 250, 254
- persuasion 11, 123
- photograph143
- placelessness 212, 242, 254
- plumbers192
- plutocracy47
- point of view58
- polarization
14, 162, 175
- affective235
- discursive18
- ideological 124–126, 130
- of society45
- Poles 15, 188, 190
- police
144, 146, 148, 171, 265
- violence141
- Polish
- community 161, 165–167, 170–171, 175, 178, 184
- immigrants 157–158, 175, 184, 195
- migration 158, 166, 184
- national identity160
- organizations172
- problem 166, 173
- traditions170
- Polishness 161, 176, 178, 184
- political
- blog211
- correctness 13, 37, 46, 103, 116, 250
- instability4
- Polonia 171, 178
- polylogue 216, 238
- polysemy85
- popular
- culture 16, 240, 244, 247, 254, 272
- media165
- newspapers108
- populism
215, 230
- right-wing 55, 230
- positioning 16, 162, 177, 236, 268
- post-communist 31, 37, 132, 213
- post-crisis
- politics157
- post-media
- discourse space 4, 254
- poverty 191, 201
- power
4, 7, 28, 34, 47, 108, 132, 194, 231, 276
- distribution221
- hegemony28
- hierarchy260
- struggle263
- powerful
- nation276
- other29
- predication 6, 162, 214
- prejudice 124, 236, 276
- prejudiced
- talk 16, 225, 231, 237
- press57
- British 108–109, 166, 183–184
- conservative 109, 117
- discourse 109, 125, 184
- international32
- magazine166
- popular166
- quality 117, 166
- Spanish136
- presupposition243
- print media 110, 158, 286
- private sphere5
- privatisation 31, 41
- privilege18
- privileged
- access 4, 105
- group 117, 199, 226
- perspective137
- position 245, 250
- problem
- refugee294
- social178
- problem-solution pattern252
- profiling 106–107, 111, 116
- propaganda231
- proper name104
- prosody59
- discourse58
- evaluative58
- semantic58
- proximity
3, 98, 161
- cultural 98, 161
- proximization 212–213, 252
- pseudonym 230, 287
- public
- discourse 9, 14–15, 18, 28, 55, 108–109, 162–163, 203
- opinion 105, 138, 183, 210, 218, 266, 298
- services 99, 192, 202, 216
- shaming286
- sphere 1–5, 7, 10
Q
- quantification 72, 214
- quasi-invisibility 13, 83, 100
- quasi-invisible others100
- Québec60
- quotation marks66
R
- race263
- racism 27, 138, 162, 200, 214, 225, 236, 286, 297, 299
- radicalisation
- of public discourse28
- radicalism48
- rape 196, 291–292
- rationality296
- reaction
- emotional174
- reader
- comments 9, 15–17, 187, 203, 208–209, 212, 229, 238–239, 244, 254, 287, 296 ; see also discussion forum, online comments, online discussion
- reading strategy92
- recontextualization254
- reference 6, 162, 171
- refugee
48, 271, 284, 289–290, 294, 298
- centre 17, 290, 294, 298
- crisis 30, 288, 298
- economic 276, 278
- Estonian283
- problem294
- status271
- unlawful275
- relocation 16, 243, 252
- remediation286
- reported speech 71, 75
- repression262
- resistance5
- return to Europe 26, 46, 48
- retweet187
- reversal224
- reverse discrimination247
- revolution 18, 48–49, 38
- rhetoric
- aggressive228
- anti-immigrant162
- nationalist 12, 247
- racist231
- right-wing 10, 231
- right-wing
- activists213
- circles34
- discourse 209, 219, 221
- ideology 228, 230
- media194
- narrative228
- parties283
- politicians215
- populism 55, 212, 215, 219, 230, 237
- rhetoric228
- rise of the east43
- ritualization of practices 159, 177
- role
- semantic244
- social137
- Roma
10, 15–16, 70, 192, 195–196, 198–200, 212, 215, 222, 226, 231, 236, 241, 247, 249, 252, 259–260, 265, 268, 272, 274, 277
- Bulgarian199
- nomadic272
- Slovak 247, 265
- Romania 183, 212
- Romanians 10, 16, 188, 192, 195–197, 200, 212, 214, 231
- Russia 18, 98, 128
- Russians188
S
- salience 58, 63, 139
- sarcasm 196, 216
- sayer86
- scapegoat 18, 173, 194, 203
- Scotland165
- script of othering 16, 229, 253
- scrounger 194–196
- second-class
- Europeans 129, 191
- self 7, 161, 211, 225
- self-awareness
- national159
- selfhood159
- self-identification 167, 175
- self-identity 3, 175
- self-legitimization 15, 179, 249
- self-othering170
- self-perception4
- self-presentation 158, 167, 172, 178, 187, 230, 251
- self-reference 160, 171
- self-reflexivity174
- self-representation 15, 74, 160, 170
- self-victimization 173, 292
- semantic
- agent 86, 244
- cliché295
- field 72, 106, 172
- indeterminacy244
- macrostructure167
- preference72
- prosody58
- role244
- semi-public5
- contexts4
- discourse 8–9, 11, 14, 16, 45, 183, 187, 236, 254, 299
- media 1–2, 282, 298
- texts 28, 30, 33, 35, 37, 46, 48
- senser86
- Serbians188
- shame 17, 295
- shared
- concepts123
- culture 16, 254
- experience171
- identity 245–246
- knowledge 247, 254
- mental worlds104
- stereotypes293
- values 170, 254
- simile242
- skin colour 199, 286
- skinheads246
- Slovak
- Roma 247, 261, 274, 277
- Slovakia 242, 271
- Slovaks 17, 188, 274
- social
- actor 3, 5, 189, 214, 264
- actor analysis 163, 173, 178, 189
- benefits 173, 178
- disadvantage178
- distance146
- fragmentation 2–4
- group 3, 9–10
- change6
- identity 3, 9
- identity theory 3, 98
- inadaptability264
- marginalization144
- networking site4
- networks7
- practice 8, 237
- relation9
- semiotics137
- struggle262
- tension9
- transformation6
- welfare173
- society
- majority 243, 246
- sociology
- of human rights 266, 277
- sole traders196
- song lyrics 247, 254
- Southern Europeans191
- Soviet
- dominance 25, 47
- hegemony26
- occupation 283, 298
- Union 12, 28–29, 36, 38, 48, 221, 292
- Soviet-era diktat47
- space 192, 241
- discourse 10, 237, 251, 254
- post-medial238
- sports 83, 99
- stance-taking162
- state sovereignty 39, 45
- status
- excluded277
- illegal 277, 284
- negotiation179
- of citizen171
- of immigrant 192, 277
- of refugee 271, 284
- of victim 269, 277
- unlawful272
- stereotype
18, 166, 173, 177, 194, 247, 260, 264, 272, 293
- negative264
- stigma
- of Eastern Europe202
- storytelling248
- stranger
13, 81, 99, 161, 230, 264
- within 83, 101
- strategy
- predicational173
- referential173
- subject
- position 12, 27–28
- spaces 27, 36, 48
- success story172
- superiority 18, 176, 251
- Sweden285
- symbolic
- capital4
- distance255
- heritage248
- sympathy148
- Systemic Functional Grammar 84–85
T
- tabloid165
- media240
- Polish-language165
- Tahrir Square events297
- temporal
- anchorage252
- deixis245
- distancing252
- terrorism 8, 30, 115
- theft 112, 196, 249
- thought police 28, 37, 46
- threat
48, 72–73, 77, 112–113, 141, 191, 194, 252, 270–271, 284
- existential 12, 26, 30, 34
- topoi 163, 177–178, 187, 192, 195, 197, 214, 237, 249, 295
- topos
- of advantage 200, 212
- of authority173
- of burden 178, 198, 200–201, 215, 222
- of comparison178
- of crime 178, 253
- of danger 191, 196, 200, 212
- of disadvantage 195, 197–198, 200–201, 212
- of disease 212, 215
- of displacement 193, 196, 198, 200–201
- of historical continuity178
- of threat 173, 253
- of variety178
- of witness176
- tradition159
- cultural 159, 170
- traditional
- values 29, 46, 222
- traitor 38, 43, 48, 218 ; see also betrayal
- transfer
107, 224
- of meaning104
- of money113
- transformation6
- discursive6
- political159
- syntactic162
- transition
- discourse 44, 48
- narrative 43, 48
- to democracy26
- to free market160
- transitivity194
- trans-locality11
- trauma see cultural trauma
- travellers 70, 73, 241
- triangulation 9, 28
- trolling 5, 211, 220, 238, 282
- Turkey19
- Twitter 4, 187, 290
- two-speed Europe 13, 18, 82, 99
U
- UKIP 173, 200, 202–203, 208, 214, 220–221, 242
- Ukraine98
- underclass 173, 194, 201
- underlexicalization162
- undeserving poor 196, 201
- unemployment
30, 45, 193, 284
- structural164
- ungratefulness253
- us and them 3, 6–7, 18, 132, 135, 142, 148, 190, 200, 241, 251, 253, 268, 276–277, 297 ; see also ingroup; outgroup
- USA44
- user-generated content 5, 185, 238
- USSR 131, 220–221 ; see also EUSSR
V
- vagrants264
- Vatican84
- ventriloquization248
- victim
139–140, 142, 144, 176, 179, 277, 292
- discourse277
- frame274
- mentality174
- reversal220
- status269
- victimization 14, 139, 144, 173, 179
- violence141
- police141
- visual
- analysis142
- composition142
- discourse142
- dysphemism 14, 138
- grammar 139, 146
- channel14
- imagery7
- othering14
- point of entry82
- racism138
- representation 12, 144
- strategy 141, 144
- voice
71, 175, 268
- assumed247
- mediated247
- non-elite1
- non-native227
- of reason216
- opposing71
- opposite298
- public 7–8
- vox populi5
W
- water 15, 226
- welfare
195–196
- state172
- system 164, 173, 196, 225
- Western Europeans130
- women
142, 145
- raped292
- work
- ethic194
- menial15
- restrictions 16, 208, 221, 226
- unskilled194
- worldview
105–106
- cultural106
X
- xenophobia236
Y
- youth
- unemployment193
