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In:Discourse and Identity Formation: Parliamentary debates in Bahrain
Lamya Alkooheji and Chitra Sinha
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 73] 2017
► pp. 275–285

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Index

Published online: 15 December 2017
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.73.index

A

  • Abd Rabbuh69
  • Abdali, Hassan 86, 167–169, 229, 256, 260–261
  • Abdul-Wahhab14
  • absolute 14, 15, 59, 137, 184, 202–203
  • abstract 51, 62, 181, 184
  • Abu-Alfat’h, Essa Ahmed 128, 251
  • Abul, Abdul Aziz xvii, xix, 105–107, 114, 124, 178–181, 187, 195–196, 215, 237, 242
  • abuse 20, 56–57, 137, 164, 172, 202
  • abusive 169–171, 262
  • accent 27, 29, 32, 37, 99, 101, 271
  • activation 175–176, 265–267
  • affection76
  • affirmation 14, 91, 171
  • Afghanistan 129, 252
  • agenda 73, 131, 147–148, 151, 153, 162, 167, 218–219, 222, 227, 237, 252
  • Ahl al-Bayt148
  • ʿAjam 25–27, 32
  • Akhbar Al Khaleej119
  • Al Alam201
  • Āl al-Bayt 149(see Ahl al-Bayt)
  • Al Anwar201
  • Al Asalah xix, 1, 3–4, 11, 20, 110–111, 119, 122–123, 125, 142–143, 150, 172, 182–183, 189, 199, 204–205, 237, 247, 251, 263
  • Al Fateh Assembly201(see also National Unity Assembly)
  • Al Hussain 16, 190
  • Al Khalifa 71, 190, 195, 202
  • King Hamad bin Essa Al Khalifa71
  • Shaikh Essa bin Salman Al Khalifa71
  • Al Minbar xix, 1, 3–4, 11, 21, 88, 162, 164–165, 172, 174–175, 182–183, 189, 195, 199, 205, 237, 251, 259
  • Al Qaeda 99, 101, 240
  • Al Shura3
  • Al Wasat 195–196, 211
  • Al Wefaq xix, 1, 3–4, 11, 18, 66, 87–88, 90–95, 97–101, 103, 105, 108–109, 112, 114–115, 117–120, 124–134, 142–143, 147–164, 167, 169–170, 174–176, 178, 182–183, 187–196, 199–200, 202–205, 207–209, 237–238, 245, 247, 251, 256–258, 260, 262–263, 265
  • Al-Zahrā’, Fatima 16–17, 149
  • Al-Bahrani, Shaikh Maytham Bin Ali26
  • Al-Buhairi, Sami 128, 251
  • Al-Dosseri, Abdullah 175–176, 265–267
  • Al-Dosseri, Hassan 149, 175, 265-267
  • Al-Fadhel, Abdul Aziz 120, 167, 170, 247, 262
  • Al-Fudalah, Sheikh Nasser184
  • Al-Hadi, Sheikh Ebrahim Mohammed 128, 251
  • Al-Hasa 26, 31, 190, 195
  • Ali Bin Abi Talib 17, 149, 190, 273
  • Al Khalifa 71, 190, 195, 202
  • allegation158
  • allusion 105, 107, 272
  • Al-Marzooq, Kalil xvii, 90–93, 96–98, 102, 104, 109–110, 151–156, 162–163, 166–171, 175–176, 178–181, 186, 188, 237, 239–240, 242, 256, 260, 262, 265–267
  • Al-Miqdad, Muhammad 150–151
  • Al-Mirbati 116, 121, 245, 247
  • Al-Mitghawi, Abdul Hussain xvii, xix, 114–118, 123, 158–161, 163, 179–180, 186, 193, 237–238, 245, 258
  • Al-Miz’al, Mohammed Yusif xvii, xix, 98–103, 105, 108, 119, 125–127, 129–147, 178–179, 181, 186–189, 195, 223, 237, 240–241, 251, 253–254
  • Al-Mohannadi, Hamad Khalil 123, 247
  • Al-Mu’awdah, Adel xvii, xix, 110–112, 125, 140, 142–143, 187, 195, 204, 223, 237–238, 251, 253, 266
  • Al-Muhannadi, Sheikh Hamad Khalil 128, 251
  • Al-Mustaqbal Party149
  • Al-Najdi, Brigadier-General Abdul Rahman 100, 109, 237, 243
  • Al-Qu’ood, Latifa Muhammed 128, 251
  • Al-Rumaihi, Khamis Hamad 128, 251
  • Al-Sa’eedi, Sheikh Jassim Ahmed xix, 128, 149–150, 158–164, 186, 251, 258
  • Al-Sheikh, Dr Abdul Latif Ahmed 128, 251, 259
  • Al-Sitri, Haider Hassan xvii, xix, 102–104, 178, 180, 241
  • Allah
  • ʿAmal3(see also Islamic Action Society)
  • Ambassador163
  • ambiguity 155, 224
  • ambivalent emotions82
  • ambulances204
  • amendment 64, 71, 73, 108, 193, 256
  • American Embassy (also U.S. Embassy)115
  • Amir71
  • Amiri Decree 71, 269
  • anniversary200
  • anti-government205
  • apologetic 119, 205
  • apophasis 95–96, 170–171, 271
  • aporia 88–90, 115, 117–118, 120, 122, 127, 135, 137, 271
  • Arab Spring 1–2, 69–70, 199
  • Arab world 1, 21, 69
  • Arabia 14, 16, 23, 25, 30–31, 69, 190, 211
  • Arabian Gulf xix, 2, 14, 18, 23–27, 31
  • Arabic xxi–xxii, 14, 17, 23, 27–29, 31–37, 45, 72, 78–79, 83–84, 86–87, 107, 113, 118–119, 133, 140, 152, 154, 164, 170, 203, 206–207, 215, 221–222, 224–225, 229, 238, 244, 254, 271–273
  • argument 8, 12, 21, 64, 74–75, 83, 90, 98, 101–102, 105, 107, 121, 125, 131, 136–139, 141–142, 144, 146, 153, 156, 171–173, 176, 179, 182, 198, 208, 223, 225, 242, 252, 272
  • argumentation mode117
  • argumentative 74, 77, 121, 211
  • Armed Forces 148–149, 218
  • arrest 86, 101, 116–117, 140, 148, 150–151, 153–154, 156, 167, 169, 179–180, 186, 200, 227, 229, 245, 254–255, 257, 260–261
  • article 90, 92, 95, 97–99, 101–103, 106–112, 130, 135, 139, 146, 148, 158, 192–193, 211, 227, 238–243, 252, 269–270
  • Article 1, 92, 99, 102, 238–239, 241
  • Article 119, 269
  • Article 134, 269
  • Article 16, 148
  • Article 165, 269
  • Article 174, 269
  • Article 182, 270
  • Article 2, 240
  • Article 20, 130, 135, 146, 252
  • Article 3, 99, 101, 106, 241–242
  • Article 4, 239
  • Article 76, 270
  • Article D 92, 239–240
  • Article No. 58, 227
  • artificial intelligence81
  • assault170
  • attachment 129–130, 147, 159, 193, 200, 212, 227, 237, 258
  • Attorney General 153–154, 156, 158, 162, 227
  • audience 6, 56–57, 61, 65, 81, 137–138, 145, 161, 163, 186
  • audio 72, 83, 204, 221
  • authoritative hierarchy161
  • authority 14–15, 17–18, 56, 66, 77, 100, 108, 131, 166–167, 171–172, 186–187, 193, 198, 201, 217, 237, 239, 259, 273
  • avoidance 95, 238
  • axiomatic belief59

B

  • Ba’ath3
  • backgrounded disagreement 88–89, 126, 164–165
  • Bahraini xvii, xix, 1–12, 15, 20, 23–37, 39, 41, 45, 48–49, 54, 60, 62, 64–66, 70–73, 76, 86–87, 92, 107, 114, 116–118, 120, 122, 124–126, 128, 141, 146, 148–149, 151, 156, 158, 162–163, 169, 177, 179, 183–185, 189, 191, 197–198, 200–203, 205–207, 209, 211, 214–215, 221–223, 225, 229, 239, 244–245, 254, 271, 273
  • Bahraini Council xvii, xix, 1–8, 10–11, 23–24, 30, 39, 41, 48, 60, 62, 64, 66, 70–72, 76, 87, 125–126, 177, 185, 197–198, 205, 207, 209, 211, 214, 221–223, 225
  • Bahraini detainees abroad 86, 114, 118, 179, 229, 244
  • Bahraini Embassy 116–117
  • Bahrani 26–27, 31–37, 188, 206, 271, 273
  • Bahrainisation148
  • balad 129–130, 252
  • Battle of Karbala 17, 190
  • battlefield 51, 66, 185–187
  • BBC 204, 213
  • behaviour 52, 80, 82, 119, 147, 170, 254
  • belief 16–17, 20, 28, 123, 154, 189, 191, 219
  • belonging 42–43, 45–46, 57, 130, 148
  • belongingness130
  • benchmark 77, 166
  • bi-cameral206
  • BICI2(also see Independent Commission of Inquiry Report)
  • bilād 130, 135, 146, 252
  • bill 87–89, 110–112, 187, 193, 195–196, 223, 237–238, 240, 243
  • Bin Ali, Zine El Abedine 26, 69
  • biological47
  • blaspheme 155, 156, 188, 257
  • blurring120
  • Britain 25, 213, 216
  • British 18, 23, 43, 49, 190, 217
  • broadcast 6, 172–173, 204, 219, 263
  • brutality203
  • Bu-Sandal, Sheikh Ebrahim Mohammed 128, 251

C

  • Caliph17
  • capitalist society63
  • casualties 124, 204
  • CD 73, 225
  • CDA 10, 50, 184, 218, 273 ; (see also CDS)
  • CDS 10–11, 39–40, 48–56, 59, 61–62, 64, 73, 156, 178, 206, 222, 273
  • censor 173, 187
  • censoring 86, 172–173, 229, 262
  • centralising pride and dignity 9, 74, 76–77, 105–106, 108, 115, 118–123, 138, 159, 161, 164, 167, 169–171, 179–183, 185, 188, 196, 204, 207–208
  • centralist model53
  • certainty 127, 134, 238
  • challenging questions 127, 139, 146
  • Chambers 63–64, 198
  • chaos 114, 117–118, 153, 162, 193, 245
  • cheater-detection module 126–127, 136
  • chemical 87–88, 90, 92–93, 97–102, 105–107, 196, 223, 237–243
  • chemical weapon240
  • children 92, 94, 96, 104, 117, 194, 213, 239, 245
  • Christian 215, 217
  • citizen 21, 43, 45, 47, 99–100, 102, 113, 116–118, 122, 149, 156, 166–169, 181, 194, 241, 245, 259, 261, 269
  • citizenship 24, 149, 156–158
  • civil rights166
  • Civil Service Bureau 175–176, 265–267
  • civil war69
  • civilised166
  • class 27, 32, 45–46, 52, 211, 219
  • classical Arabic 29, 78, 207, 244
  • cleric 26, 163, 203
  • coercion 40, 55, 148, 198
  • cognition 40, 49, 56–59, 62–63, 80, 197, 213, 217–218
  • coherence54
  • coherent142
  • colloquial 72, 92, 94, 107, 223, 239
  • colloquial 72, 92, 94, 107, 223, 239
  • committee 71–72, 87–90, 110–111, 113, 119, 158–163, 175–176, 196, 223, 227, 237–238, 243–244, 258, 266–267
  • Committee of Legislative and Legal Affairs162
  • communication 5, 8, 28, 39, 51–52, 57, 62, 68, 76, 82, 114–118, 184, 199, 213, 218, 272
  • communicative process186
  • community 4, 8, 14–15, 23–25, 27–30, 37, 43–47, 51, 70, 76, 81, 148, 197, 201–202, 206, 215, 272
  • comparing 19, 60, 85, 99, 102, 120, 127, 160, 164, 178, 188, 205, 208, 217, 241
  • competence 29, 65, 74, 152
  • conditional statement 104, 110, 120, 272
  • conflict 1–2, 17, 21, 42, 47, 66–67, 94, 108, 124, 136, 138–139, 184, 194, 215, 217, 221–222
  • confrontation 70, 122, 156, 161, 186
  • confrontational 74, 89, 113, 116, 124, 126, 136, 138–139, 142, 147, 154–155, 161, 163, 165, 167, 174, 181, 183–184, 187, 192, 195–196, 205
  • Congress xxi, 162, 212
  • connection 62, 65, 91, 198
  • consensus 6, 16, 61, 75, 209
  • conservative 14–15
  • Constitution 3, 71, 125, 130, 133, 135–136, 140, 142, 146, 148, 151, 160, 252–253, 258
  • constitutional amendment71
  • constitutional law 130, 134–135
  • Consultative Council71(also See Shura Council)
  • context 20, 28, 36, 39, 42, 48–50, 55–56, 59–61, 63–65, 70, 77, 81, 83, 149, 174, 183–184, 198–200, 206, 212–213, 218, 225, 244, 271
  • contextual 56, 60, 61, 179, 184, 226
  • contextualising61
  • contextuality61
  • contrast 11, 17, 54, 60, 90–91, 99, 101–102, 121, 192
  • contrasting 2, 10, 60, 77, 85, 99, 120, 134, 170, 178, 188, 208, 241
  • convention 88, 90–91, 97, 151, 153, 195, 239–240, 243
  • conviction 90, 130, 134–135, 137, 146, 202, 252
  • corroborating by information 9, 74–75, 88, 90–99, 103, 105–106, 108–110, 114, 120–121, 125–127, 134, 147, 151, 164, 175–176, 178–183, 185, 188, 193, 195–196, 204, 207–208
  • corruption 160–161, 164, 172, 180, 183, 186, 202–203
  • country 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18, 23–26, 31, 37, 67, 69, 71, 99–102, 106–108, 111–112, 116–118, 125, 128–130, 135, 146, 148, 151–153, 158, 162, 166–167, 179–180, 185, 190, 192, 194–195, 201–204, 240–243, 245, 252, 256, 259, 269
  • coup attempt 201, 204
  • coup d’état 21, 202–203
  • court 85, 130, 135–136, 146, 162, 215, 252
  • critical discourse studies 8–11, 39, 50, 206, 214, 218, 273 ; (see also critical discourse studies)
  • critical theory 50, 214
  • criticism 61–62, 89, 107, 116, 120–121, 125, 165–166, 170, 181, 183, 194–196, 214, 225, 247
  • cross-cultural 81, 212
  • crowd control87
  • Crown Prince205
  • cultural 1–2, 7, 11–14, 16, 21, 23–24, 30, 37, 42–44, 50, 56, 66, 75, 80–81, 190, 198, 209, 212–213
  • culture 12, 27, 31, 43, 46, 60, 63, 79–81, 198, 209, 212–213, 215–216, 219
  • cybercrime law193

D

  • debate 6, 8, 11, 14, 19, 26, 28, 62–63, 74, 82, 86–88, 110, 114, 118, 124–126, 128, 138–139, 144, 147, 150, 171, 185, 187–188, 190, 197–198, 214, 222, 226
  • declarations203
  • declarative85
  • deductive approach62
  • Defence Force 148–149
  • defendant 121, 145–146, 252
  • deliberative democracy 9–11, 62, 197–199
  • democracy 9–11, 19–21, 62–64, 192, 197–199, 213, 216
  • democrats15
  • democratic 1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 12, 63, 64, 69, 70, 177, 186, 192, 196, 198, 200, 206, 208
  • democratic institution 63, 197
  • demonstration 69, 74, 129, 132, 149–150, 187, 203
  • denunciation 84, 115, 137
  • dependency202
  • deportation158
  • Deputy Speaker 115, 120, 122, 159, 172–173, 175–176, 186, 245, 247, 251, 258, 263, 265
  • detainee125
  • detention 148, 169, 179
  • dialect 27–37, 46, 92, 105, 107, 112–113, 141, 146, 172, 206, 211, 215–216, 244, 254, 271–273
  • dialectical logic67
  • dictatorships69
  • dignity 9, 74, 76–77, 105–106, 108, 114–115, 118–123, 138, 159, 161, 164, 167, 169–171, 179–183, 185, 188, 196, 204, 207–208
  • Director of Environmental Control 100, 108, 237
  • Director of Military Courts 100, 102, 104, 109–110, 237
  • disagreement 19, 23, 88–89, 124, 126, 131, 137–139, 141, 164–165, 173–174, 183–184, 191, 252, 254
  • disagreement style continuum138
  • disappointment 88, 109, 114, 119, 221
  • disclaimer 12, 99, 101, 110, 112, 272
  • discourse marker 90–91, 99, 101, 105, 110, 112, 152–153, 159, 173, 272
  • discourse theory 52, 215
  • discourse unit58
  • discrimination 2, 29, 37, 52, 70, 134, 149, 162, 208
  • discursive device 77, 79, 84–85, 91, 94, 104, 116, 126, 139, 170, 180–181, 194
  • discursive strategy 77, 87, 90, 178, 180, 188
  • dispute 138, 146, 165, 223
  • disrespect 116, 121, 158
  • dissent 10–11, 58, 67, 70, 74, 125, 178, 183, 188–189, 207–208, 221, 225
  • diverse 4, 8–9, 27, 37, 41, 67, 177, 195, 197
  • diversity 10, 12–13, 15, 27, 41, 63, 198–199
  • domain 8–9, 41, 68
  • domestic riot 90, 239 ; (also see local riot)
  • dominance 40–41, 52
  • doubt 88, 115, 120, 127, 134, 172, 177, 263
  • duality 56–57, 60, 127, 134, 191

E

  • eavesdropping 86, 164–166, 181, 186, 189, 194, 229, 259
  • Ebrahim, Abdul Jalil Khalil xvii, xix, 73, 90–94, 96–97, 102, 109, 119–124, 128, 152–153, 167, 170, 173, 176, 178–181, 185, 193, 222, 237, 239–240, 242, 247, 251–252, 256, 260, 262–263, 265–267
  • economic 1–2, 7, 13, 27, 32, 37, 40, 45–47, 125, 149, 191, 202
  • education 1, 14, 27–29, 213, 216, 272
  • Egypt 1, 14, 28, 69, 199–200, 202–203
  • election7
  • elite 6, 14, 40, 56–57, 218
  • embedded 8, 58, 62, 65, 122, 151, 154, 165, 193, 197
  • emotion(s) 79–83, 85, 212–215, 217
  • emotional reaction83
  • emotive speech 78–79, 83, 92, 95, 105, 109, 112, 122, 126–127, 167, 169–170, 180–181, 207, 272
  • empathy 76, 96, 113
  • emphatic195
  • empowering 48, 61
  • encrypted sites37
  • enemy 99, 101–103, 241
  • English xxii, 29, 33–37, 43, 72, 86–87, 214, 219, 224, 229
  • erotesis 115, 117, 170–171, 272
  • ethic45
  • ethics 14, 63, 198
  • ethnicity 25, 148, 216, 271
  • Europe 164, 166, 213
  • exaggeration 92, 94, 97–98, 272
  • exceptional session 193, 200
  • excerpt xvii, 55, 59, 86–88, 90, 92, 94–100, 102–103, 105, 108–110, 112, 114–115, 118–120, 122, 124–128, 137, 139–140, 142, 144, 147, 150–151, 156, 158–159, 161, 163–164, 166–170, 172, 175, 178–181, 183–189, 194–195, 207, 222, 237, 245, 247, 251, 254, 256, 258–260, 262–263, 265, 271
  • Excerpt 1 100, 170
  • Excerpt 2 155, 179, 180
  • Excerpt 3 120, 122, 179, 181, 183, 184, 185, 194
  • Excerpt 4 125, 127, 164, 181, 186, 187, 188, 189, 194, 195
  • Excerpt 5 151, 163, 166, 179, 186, 188
  • Excerpt 6 159, 179, 180, 181, 186, 194
  • Excerpt 7 164, 181, 184, 186, 189, 194, 195
  • Excerpt 8 167, 170, 180, 181, 182, 194
  • Excerpt 9 170, 180
  • Excerpt 10 172, 179, 181, 183, 187
  • Excerpt 11176
  • excesses 171, 172, 202, 262, 272
  • exclamation 84–85, 120
  • exclusion 133, 188
  • exclusive “we”132
  • exhortation 151, 154–156, 272
  • explanatory critique65
  • expression 46, 77, 80, 83, 89, 92, 94, 113–114, 134, 152, 161, 165, 174, 183, 187, 192, 200, 202, 208, 238–239, 263, 271–272
  • external enemy 99, 101–102, 241

F

  • Facebook201
  • Fairclough 40–41, 49, 51, 65–66, 68, 271
  • fatwā 18–19, 192
  • Fayrooz 142–143, 147–149, 251
  • Fayrooz, Jalal147
  • Fayrooz, Jawad 142–143, 251
  • filibustering 75, 94–96, 102–104, 175–176
  • filler 105, 107
  • financial 119, 161, 202, 269
  • financial assistance202
  • Financial Committee119
  • floor bid272
  • flow 127, 138, 142, 272
  • foregrounded 126, 127, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 1, 146, 173, 174
    • argument144
  • foregrounded disagreement 126, 137–139, 141, 173–174
  • Foreign Affairs 71, 87–90, 96, 100, 110–111, 113, 117–118, 158–159, 196, 237–238, 240, 243, 245, 258
  • formulaic expression 114, 272
  • forum 7, 177, 185, 219
  • framing 58, 78, 90–92, 97, 99, 101, 103–104, 108, 121, 126–127, 136, 146, 164–165, 167–169, 181–183, 188, 194, 207–208, 272
  • Frankfurt School55
  • freedom 10–11, 21, 58, 65–67, 70, 74, 119, 124, 148, 164, 172, 183, 189, 192–193, 197, 200, 202, 208, 221–222, 225
  • freedom of expression 183, 192, 202, 208
  • Friday Prayers156
  • frustration 116–117

G

  • Gaddafi69
  • Gathering of National Unity Assembly201(see also National Unity Assembly)
  • GCC 200, 202
  • GCC Roundabout200
  • General Authority for Protection of Marine Resources, Environment and Wildlife 100, 237
  • gestures 76, 82, 83
  • global level (of context)81
  • governance 4–5, 62–63, 69, 177, 185, 198, 200, 209
  • government 1, 11, 14, 17, 24, 26, 28, 40, 62, 65–66, 69, 71, 86–87, 99, 105–108, 114–124, 148, 155, 157, 163–164, 169, 172, 175–176, 180–181, 183, 185–187, 189, 191–192, 194, 197, 199–200, 203–205, 208, 215, 222, 225, 229, 241–242, 245–247, 257, 265–266
  • government spheres62
  • grammar 27, 37, 54, 72, 84
  • grammatical 27, 37, 85, 130, 138, 229, 272
  • ground pepper 90, 103–104, 239, 241
  • group 6, 8–9, 12, 17, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32, 39–49, 51, 57–58, 67, 75, 79, 98–99, 101, 124–129, 131–133, 136, 139, 144–145, 148–150, 160–161, 177, 181–190, 194, 196, 201–202, 205, 208
  • group identities 9, 39, 43–44, 46, 184–185

H

  • Habermas 62–63, 187, 197, 213–214
  • Hadith 9, 13, 17–18
  • Halabcha 106, 107, 242
  • Hansard 10–11, 48, 54, 64, 72–74, 86–87, 101, 119, 121–123, 125, 142, 147–149, 151–152, 159, 167, 170, 172–173, 193, 212, 221–225, 227, 237, 256, 258, 262, 266, 271
  • Haq Movement151
  • harmony 37, 161
  • Hindi 29, 33
  • Hizbullah201
  • Hmoud, Major Hmoud Sa’ad 100, 109, 237, 241–242, 244
  • Holī 25, 27, 29, 31–32, 45
  • Holīs 25–27, 32
  • homeland 115, 127, 130–131, 133, 137, 139–140, 143–144, 253
  • hostility 144, 154
  • House of Commons 71, 271
  • House of Lords71
  • Houthis69
  • ḥujjah 18
  • human development index202
  • humanitarian 24, 92, 105, 106, 107, 242
  • humanities 50, 60
  • humour 28, 78, 159, 161, 207, 273
  • hypothetical assumption 115, 117

I

  • identification 2, 42–43, 46–47, 65
  • identity 2–3, 9–10, 26–27, 30, 37, 39, 42–48, 52, 58, 62–63, 69, 79, 86, 132, 163, 184, 188–190, 206, 213–217, 272
  • ideological 1, 4, 6–14, 19, 37, 40–41, 46–47, 51–52, 59–62, 65–67, 70, 74–75, 77–78, 122, 152, 177–178, 181, 183–185, 188–190, 193–194, 196–200, 203–209, 214, 221, 224–226
  • ideological stance 70, 74, 181, 183
  • ideology 1–3, 6, 8–9, 11, 13–14, 16–17, 19, 27, 40–42, 44, 47–49, 51, 56, 59–60, 62, 68, 79, 81, 86, 177, 182, 184, 188–191, 194, 196, 198, 201–203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213–215, 218, 271
  • ideology of protest 190–191, 194, 201–203, 207
  • idiom 8, 13, 107
  • ijtihād 18
  • illegality 110, 134, 151, 154, 169
  • illusion175
  • ʿilm albadīʿ 84
  • ʿilm albayān 84
  • image 30, 56, 58, 82, 85, 94, 98–99, 102, 105–108, 133, 137, 146, 161, 179–180, 188, 201, 216–217, 242
  • Imām 15–16, 149, 189–190, 216, 273
  • Imāmah 16–17
  • immigrants 27, 30, 157
  • immigration 17, 26, 30–31
  • immunity 69, 162–163, 171
  • imperative 14, 83, 114, 133, 187, 244
  • implicit 39, 83, 101
  • implore 172, 174
  • imprisonment 114, 158, 163, 269–270
  • inclusive “we” 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 107, 127, 131, 143, 165, 166, 183, 187, 197
  • inclusive first person plural98
  • income 1, 27, 119, 202–203
  • independent 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 15, 20, 105, 106, 131, 149, 163, 175, 181, 182, 186, 187, 192, 195, 199, 200, 206, 237, 252, 265
  • Independent Commission of Inquiry Report2
  • India 25–26
  • indifference80
  • inductive 42, 115, 117–118, 222
  • infravaloration57
  • in-group 58, 98, 101, 131, 208
  • in-groupness 122, 126–128, 131, 167
  • innocence 129, 136
  • innocent 96, 128–130, 133, 135–137, 140, 142, 146, 181, 189, 251–254
  • institution 10, 46, 48, 63, 81, 166, 177, 185–186, 197, 205, 259
  • insult 119–124, 169, 181, 185, 194, 247
  • integration 26, 53, 57, 204
  • integrationist model53
  • integrity 134, 154
  • intensification 2, 99, 200
  • intensifier 109–111, 173, 272
  • intensifying grievance 74, 76–77, 90, 92–94, 112, 114, 172, 179–181, 185, 188, 190–192, 196, 204, 207–209
  • interactionist63
  • intercultural81
  • interdisciplinary 48, 53, 61, 177
  • interface 8, 13, 27, 56, 60
  • interjection 107, 174, 263, 266
  • International Covenant Against Torture148
  • internet 106, 162, 174, 201, 242, 263
  • interpretation 49–50, 59, 65, 103–104, 241
  • intersubjective 44, 61
  • intertextuality 55, 59
  • intervention 49, 54, 69, 84, 88, 90, 92–93, 96–97, 101–102, 104–105, 108–110, 114, 116, 121–123, 131–134, 136, 141–142, 144, 151–153, 159–160, 164–166, 170–172, 175, 178–181, 187, 243, 252, 259, 263, 271
  • intimacy 113, 272
  • investigation 55, 135, 139, 142, 146, 215, 217, 253
  • Iran 1, 3, 15–16, 18, 23, 25, 30–31, 108, 190–191, 194–195, 214, 218–219
  • Iraq 16–17, 25–26, 30–31, 106, 190–191, 195, 219, 242
  • irony 115–116, 159, 172, 272
  • Islam 1, 9, 13–21, 26, 28, 70, 214–217, 219, 271–273
  • Islamic 1–4, 8–9, 13–21, 25, 37, 66–67, 174, 189, 191–192, 194, 200, 204, 206, 211, 214–215, 219, 269, 271, 273
  • Islamic Action Society3
  • Islamic society 8, 13, 66, 204, 211, 215

J

  • Ja’farī 15(see Twelver)
  • jargon 64, 75, 193
  • joke160
  • Jordan69
  • journalists 6, 49, 135, 138, 139, 144, 145, 253
  • judiciary 130–131, 133, 135, 137, 140–141, 143–145, 253, 266
  • Jurgen Habermas 62–63, 213–214
  • justice 1, 127, 133, 135, 139–140, 148, 153, 177, 198, 253, 269
  • juveniles160

K

  • Khaleeji 31
  • Khalid, Sheikh Muhammed xvii, 73, 128, 137, 141–142, 146–147, 149–150, 172–175, 179, 181, 183–184, 186–187, 195, 214, 237, 251–252, 263
  • khārijites 142, 145, 146, 252
  • Khomaini 189, 194
  • King 3, 71, 125, 199–200, 202, 205–206
  • kingdom 1–2, 8, 13, 31, 69, 71, 76, 90, 127–129, 148, 159, 188, 194, 202, 209, 213, 218, 251, 258
  • Kingdom of Bahrain 1–2, 8, 13, 69, 71, 76, 90, 159, 202, 213, 218, 258
  • kinyah 112–114, 170–171, 174, 272 ; (also see nickname)
  • knowledge 15, 18, 52, 56–57, 60, 68, 74, 80, 83, 205, 218, 223
  • KSA 69, 114 ; (also see Saudi Arabia)
  • Kurdish region 106, 242
  • Kuwait 26, 31, 69, 217

L

  • label 25–26, 128–129, 149, 181
  • language competence 65, 74
  • laughter 73, 217
  • law 10, 16, 19–20, 49, 63, 65–66, 70, 74, 77, 87–88, 90, 92, 97–99, 101–112, 114, 130, 133–137, 139–140, 144, 146, 149, 155, 158, 162, 179, 183, 185, 187, 193–194, 200, 208, 215, 221, 227, 238–243, 252–253, 257, 273
  • law formation187
  • lawyer 135, 139, 146, 253
  • laypeople 18, 29, 67, 101, 196
  • leader 17, 132, 145, 151, 187, 191, 252, 273
  • Lebanese Parliament xvii, 6–7
  • Lebanon 6–7, 16, 19, 28, 69, 129, 217, 252
  • legal 2, 4, 17–18, 23, 68, 70–71, 88, 91–92, 96–97, 99–100, 108–110, 129, 135, 138, 142, 145, 149, 154, 156, 161–163, 179, 182, 187, 208, 237, 239–240, 243, 252–253, 265
  • Legal Counsel 100, 109, 237, 243
  • Legal Department 88, 96–97, 100, 237, 240
  • legal reform187
  • legality 92, 99, 101, 111–112, 125–126, 134–135, 153, 179, 241
  • legislation 3, 71, 140, 145, 253
  • legislative period xix, 1, 3–5, 7–8, 10–11, 67, 73, 86, 124, 126, 151, 177, 182, 184, 192, 195, 197, 199–200, 203, 205, 209, 221–223, 225
  • legislative period xix, 1, 3–5, 7–8, 10–11, 67, 73, 86, 124, 126, 151, 177, 182, 184, 192, 195, 197, 199–200, 203, 205, 209, 221–223, 225
  • legislative power71
  • legislative session 3, 223, 225
  • legislative system125
  • legislative term 86, 125, 221
  • legitimacy 8, 18, 136, 161, 180, 193
  • lexical 23, 27, 59, 76, 78, 84, 88, 95, 99, 103, 120, 122, 126–128, 138, 151, 164, 170, 175–176, 182, 196, 207, 219, 272
  • lexical style 78, 84, 88, 95, 99, 103, 120, 122, 126–128, 138, 151, 164, 170, 175, 182, 207, 272
  • Libya 69, 199
  • life expectancy202
  • linguistic choice 70, 154
  • literacy 202, 217
  • local level (of context)81
  • local riot 90–91, 105–106, 114, 187, 239–240
  • local semantic move 99, 110, 112
  • logic 67, 75, 126, 149, 213
  • Lower House 71, 271 ; (also see House of Commons)
  • loyalty 128–129

M

  • macroanalysis64
  • Madinat Hamad150
  • majority 4, 6, 19, 25, 113, 148–149, 159–160, 203–204, 237–238, 244, 252, 258, 266–267
  • Makki, Makki Hilal 176, 265–266
  • malfunction 201, 221
  • malicious 162, 269
  • Manama 26, 32–33, 35, 37, 200, 211, 214
  • Manifesting power185
  • manipulation 55, 101
  • marjiʿ 18–19, 191
  • Marking identities188
  • marriage31
  • Marxism 20, 46
  • Marxist40
  • Mauritania69
  • Max Weber187
  • media 20, 28, 37, 129, 139, 201, 203–204, 215, 219, 252
  • mental 41, 49, 54, 57–61, 78, 148, 153, 156, 181, 206
  • mental model 61, 153, 156
  • mental representations 57, 58, 59, 60, 78, 148
  • mental schemata78
  • Messiah16
  • metaphor 75, 105, 107–108, 115, 117, 126–127, 130, 137, 154
  • methodology 10, 48–49, 81, 142, 206, 213, 219, 229
  • metonymy 137, 272
  • microanalysis64
  • Middle East 13, 15–16, 199, 215, 217, 219
  • militants70
  • military 69, 75, 100, 102–105, 109–110, 135, 149, 218, 237, 241–242, 244, 253
  • Minister 49, 119–124, 169–173, 185–186, 217, 219, 241, 247, 262–263
  • Minister of Finance 119, 173
  • Minister of Shura 120, 123–124, 169–170, 247, 262
  • ministry 88, 92–93, 96, 98, 100, 102, 109, 111–112, 117–118, 131, 134, 168–171, 202, 227, 237–241, 243–245, 252–253, 261–262, 269
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs 88, 96, 100, 118, 237–238, 240
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs 88, 96, 100, 118, 237–238, 240
  • Ministry of Health 92–93, 239
  • Ministry of Interior 102, 227, 241, 243–245
  • Ministry of Labour202
  • Ministry of State for Defence 100, 109, 237, 243
  • minority28
  • mitigation 99, 102, 172, 272
  • mockery 115–116, 118, 120, 124, 159, 163, 182–183, 207
  • mock-seriousness160
  • modal 144, 272
  • monarchy 70, 129
  • morality 63, 197–198
  • Morocco69
  • Moscovici 57–58
  • Mubarak, Hosni69
  • Muharraq 26, 32
  • mujannas 26–27, 213
  • Murad, Abdul Halim xvii, xix, 121–124, 128, 180–181, 183, 185, 194, 237, 247, 251
  • Mushaime’, Hassan 150, 151, 153, 257
  • Muslim 13–15, 17–19, 21, 23, 69, 174, 206, 215–217
  • Muslim Brotherhood 14–15, 21, 69, 174

N

  • Najaf 3, 191
  • Najad, Ahmadi191
  • Najd30
  • narrative mode 115, 117
  • nation 15, 24, 37, 43–44, 124, 130, 137, 169, 201
  • National Action Charter71
  • National Charter 197, 200, 202
  • National Council71(also see Council of Representatives)
  • National Day 124–125
  • National Democratic Action Society3
  • National Unity Assembly201
  • nationalism 23–24, 45, 63, 188, 197, 211, 215, 217
  • nationality24
  • native 12, 29
  • natural language 51, 53, 54
  • natural substance 103–104, 241
  • naturalisation xix, 24, 25, 26, 148–150, 156–158
  • necessity 129, 139, 144, 272
  • negation 115, 118, 138–141
  • negative frame145
  • network 42, 45, 67–68, 205
  • news 28, 201, 204, 211, 213, 225, 269
  • newspaper 1, 54, 121, 147, 149–150, 158, 184, 192–193, 195–196, 211, 213, 216, 223, 225–226
  • nickname 113, 272 ; (also see kinyah)
  • norm202
  • normative discourse 83, 218
  • North Africa 15, 199, 217

O

  • objection 3, 68, 88, 96, 101, 104, 113, 118, 120, 122, 125, 154, 169, 175, 189, 191, 194–195, 241, 272
  • objective 46, 52, 61, 65, 67–68, 75, 95, 147, 205, 207–209, 240
  • Office of the General Secretary73
  • Official Gazette73
  • Oman 25, 69, 238
  • opinion 21, 51, 58, 63, 70, 75, 90, 94, 96, 111, 113, 126, 134, 137–138, 144–145, 175, 186, 197, 201, 243
  • opponent 74, 105, 145, 160, 242
  • opposition 18, 41, 47, 69, 75, 87, 101, 124, 129, 141, 151, 156, 163, 173, 175, 186, 190, 194, 197, 218
  • othering 48, 99, 101, 127–128, 131–133, 161, 170–171, 188, 208, 219, 272
  • others 4, 9–10, 18, 29, 36–37, 40, 42, 44–45, 47, 50, 56, 59, 61, 67, 70, 75, 83, 85, 93, 95–96, 99, 101, 112, 117, 134, 138, 144, 148, 153, 170–171, 180–184, 189–190, 192–193, 195, 208, 221–222, 257, 269, 271–272
  • out-group 32, 58, 98, 131, 189

P

  • Pakistan 16, 25
  • paradox 79, 99, 108, 212, 241
  • parliament xvii, 1, 3–4, 6–7, 11, 20, 49, 54, 65–67, 71–73, 76, 114, 119, 124, 145–147, 151, 160, 162–163, 186, 191, 196–200, 203–206, 209, 211–212, 225, 252, 258, 271, 273
  • parliamentary deal163
  • patriotism 52, 127–129
  • peace 152, 161, 177, 214, 218
  • peaceful203
  • perception 2, 18, 26, 29–30, 59, 62, 65–67, 80, 82–83, 183, 185, 191, 197, 212, 215, 217
  • periphrasis 110–111, 151, 155, 196, 272
  • permanent committees71
  • Persia 25, 214
  • philosophy 15, 214
  • phone 164, 166, 186, 194, 259
  • photo 158, 203 ; (also see photograph)
  • physical violence83
  • plot 86, 124–125, 127–129, 136, 163, 186, 189, 229, 247, 251
  • plural 26, 98, 130, 133, 140–141, 145, 252, 254
  • pluralist model53
  • plurality 8, 63, 198–199, 209
  • polarisation 8, 70, 87, 156–157, 161, 201
  • polarised 66, 156, 201
  • police 87, 101–102, 124, 150, 154, 167, 197, 204, 241
  • politeness155
  • political affiliation 3, 52, 58, 65, 87, 197, 224
  • political freedom 10–11, 58, 65–67, 70, 74, 119, 124, 172, 189, 192, 197, 221–222, 225
  • political ideology 3, 13, 177, 184, 194, 211
  • political party 4, 67, 98, 202
  • political power 16, 24, 48, 63, 66, 69, 198, 200
  • political speeches 57, 224
  • politician 41, 186
  • politics 3, 6, 9, 11–13, 15–16, 21, 39, 41, 43, 48, 51, 60, 63, 70, 75, 81, 161, 171, 197, 206, 213, 215–217
  • polysemous82
  • polysemy82
  • population 30, 195, 200
  • poverty 1–2, 24, 202–203, 218
  • power 1, 3–4, 6–10, 15–16, 24, 30, 39–41, 48–52, 56, 60, 63–64, 66, 69–71, 74–75, 77, 80–81, 119, 122, 132, 142, 160–161, 178, 181, 184–187, 190–192, 198, 200, 203, 205–208, 213–217, 219
  • power relations 6, 48, 51, 64, 205, 206
  • prediction 139, 144, 272
  • prejudice 148–149, 270
  • prescription83
  • press 80, 129, 139, 158, 162, 193, 201, 203–204, 211, 213–215, 217–219, 225–226, 252–253
  • press release203
  • Press TV201
  • pride 9, 16, 74, 76–77, 105–106, 108, 114–115, 118–124, 138, 159, 161, 164, 167, 169–171, 179–183, 185, 188, 196, 204, 207–208
  • Prime Minister 119, 123, 219, 247
  • prison 121, 247, 269
  • prisoner122
  • privacy 165–166, 222, 259
  • private sphere63
  • procatalepsis 99, 101, 103–104, 164, 166–167, 169, 272
  • proficiency72
  • pro-government163
  • progress 5, 89, 141, 192, 202, 204
  • pronunciation xvii, 27, 34–36
  • proposal 49, 88, 111–113, 115–116, 124–126, 128–129, 131, 133–134, 137, 141, 147, 158–160, 164, 175–176, 180, 186, 193, 223, 225, 227, 229, 243, 245, 251–252, 258, 265–267
  • propositional structure 78, 207, 272
  • protest 70, 110, 113–114, 116, 147, 190–192, 194, 196, 199–203, 207, 209
  • protesting against the establishment185
  • psychological 45, 50, 54, 57, 61, 80, 212–213
  • psychology 48, 50, 81, 212–213, 216–217
  • public 1–3, 5–6, 10, 21, 32, 48, 56, 62–63, 65, 67, 71, 95–96, 110, 112, 116, 121, 125, 137–138, 145, 148, 161, 164, 187, 191, 193, 200–201, 205, 213, 216, 222, 225–226, 240
  • public consensus6
  • public sphere 2–3, 63, 187, 205
  • pun 120, 122, 160
  • punishment 86, 111–112, 175, 187, 227, 229, 238, 243, 264–265, 269–270

Q

  • Qamber, Sami xvii, 88–89
  • Qaradawi21
  • Qarmatians26
  • Qassim, Sheikh Essa191
  • Qatar 26, 31
  • qiyās 18
  • quarrel149
  • quoting 50, 78, 90, 92–93, 95, 175–176, 207, 271
  • quoting other sources 78, 90, 92, 207
  • quoting others 95, 271
  • Qur’an 17–20, 23

R

  • rally3
  • rapport 98, 164, 166
  • Rapporteur 158–160, 163, 176, 237–238, 258, 265–267
  • ratification 73, 152, 256
  • rationale 1, 3, 9, 39, 75, 170
  • raven 174, 263
  • rebuke 88–89, 113, 155–156
  • recommendation 159–160, 163–164, 258, 266
  • referendum71
  • reflective suffix133
  • reform 1, 15, 148, 187, 191–192, 200, 202–203
  • reformism14
  • reframing 58, 78, 92, 94–95, 97, 114, 120, 126–127, 136, 146, 167, 181–183, 188, 194, 207–208, 272
  • regime 150, 200–201, 269
  • regression204
  • reliability 127, 134
  • religion 8, 13, 16, 23, 188, 192, 217, 219
  • renewalist14(see also revivalist)
  • repetition 57, 83, 94, 102, 136, 138–139, 144–145, 151, 154, 166, 172–173
  • report 2, 87–89, 110, 147, 150, 159, 175, 195–196, 202, 204, 212, 225, 237, 258, 265–267
  • representation theory 49, 57
  • reproach 88–89, 187, 237
  • reproof118
  • republican system151
  • reservation 92, 104, 131, 144, 239, 252
  • revivalist14
  • revolution 15–16, 69, 188, 190, 194, 199–203, 214
  • rhetoric 2–3, 7–8, 75–76, 78–79, 83–84, 88, 92, 95, 97, 99, 103, 105, 109–110, 114–115, 120, 127–128, 134, 151, 159, 164, 167, 170–172, 272
  • rhetorical question 103–105, 107, 115, 117–118, 120, 122, 146, 164, 167, 171, 272
  • ridiculing 163, 164, 182
  • right 12, 34, 77, 110–111, 128, 133, 135, 138–143, 146–147, 149, 173–174, 186, 202, 209, 222–223, 243, 253–254, 263, 266
  • riot 87–88, 90–91, 94–102, 104–107, 109–110, 112, 114, 125, 168–171, 187, 200, 208, 238–243, 261–262
  • riot control 87–88, 90–91, 94–102, 104–106, 109, 112, 114, 168, 170–171, 187, 200, 238–241, 243, 261–262
  • Riot Control Forces 94, 98, 109, 168, 170–171, 261–262
  • ritual 6, 82
  • Riyadh69
  • Royal Address 125, 147–148

S

  • SA xix, 28–30, 33–36, 72, 100, 109, 128, 149–150, 158–164, 186, 237, 241–242, 244, 251, 258 (see standard Arabic)
  • sabotage 168–169, 261
  • Saddam Hussain 106–107, 242
  • Safavid15
  • safety 98, 110, 112, 128–130, 140, 152–153, 167–168, 253, 256, 260
  • Salafī 14–15, 20
  • Ṣalāt Al Jumʿa 156(also see Friday Prayers)
  • Saleh, Ali 20, 69
  • Salman, Ali xix, 71, 125–127, 129, 131–132, 134, 136, 141, 144, 187, 189, 191, 203, 251–252
  • sarcasm 99, 102, 115, 159, 167, 169, 183, 207, 273
  • sarcastic 76, 116, 172
  • Saudi Arabia 14, 16, 23, 31, 69, 211
  • SCA 11, 39, 48–50, 57–63, 78, 177, 190, 197, 206, 224, 273
  • scheme 77, 86
  • school 29, 55, 116, 214–215, 245
  • Second Deputy Speaker 159, 172–173, 258, 263
  • second legislative term125
  • second person singular 92, 94
  • second term70
  • second-person pronoun147
  • sectarian 1–4, 6–9, 11–12, 17, 19, 21, 27–29, 36–37, 44–45, 48, 58, 66–68, 77, 86–87, 124, 146, 149–150, 181–182, 184, 188–189, 195, 199–200, 203, 205–208, 221, 271
  • sectarian affiliation 6, 27, 36, 124, 182, 208, 271
  • sectarian conflict 21, 66
  • sectarianism162
  • security 1, 71, 87–89, 101–102, 106, 110–111, 113, 116, 128, 130, 133, 140, 143, 152–155, 158–159, 166, 168, 193, 196, 207–208, 223–224, 237–238, 242–243, 245, 251, 253, 256–258, 261, 269
  • selective 12, 62, 149, 203
  • selectivity201
  • self-definition 42, 127–128, 131–132, 149, 189, 208
  • self-employment202
  • self-expression200
  • self-interruptions96
  • self-portrait58
  • semantic 32, 34, 37, 48–49, 58–59, 78, 83, 99, 110, 112, 136, 181, 207
  • semantic features59
  • semantic nuances 136, 181
  • semantic properties58
  • semi-modals 139, 144
  • semiotic 51, 64–66, 68, 76
  • semiotic aspect 65–66
  • semiotic connection65
  • semiotic devices76
  • sermon 156, 163
  • Shari’a 13, 15–16, 19–21, 273
  • Shatt Al Arab31
  • Shia 32, 217 ; (also see Shiite)
  • Shiite 1–4, 7–11, 13, 15–19, 26, 30–32, 66–67, 70, 75, 87–88, 101–102, 114, 124, 148–149, 159, 162–163, 174, 177, 182, 188–195, 199–201, 203, 205–209, 221, 271, 273
  • short turn147
  • shura 3, 19, 20, 21, 71–72, 120–124, 169–171, 185, 199, 206, 247, 262
  • Shura Council 71–72, 171, 199, 206
  • silence117
  • Singace, Abdul Jalil 150–151
  • singular first person127
  • sit-in 141, 147
  • sitting 49, 72–73, 86–89, 111–112, 114, 119, 123–125, 131, 138, 141–142, 147–148, 150–152, 156, 158, 161, 163–164, 167, 169–170, 172–173, 175, 193, 221–224, 229–230, 237, 243–244, 246–247, 252, 254–257, 259–266
  • SMS messages201
  • social and cognitive interaction59
  • social cognition 57, 63
  • social construction 39, 43, 52
  • social dimension 56, 81
  • social group 41, 46, 124
  • social institutions 60, 63
  • social interaction 49, 55, 57, 216, 219, 271
  • social life 52, 62, 65, 272
  • social mind62
  • social order 66–67, 161
  • social polarisation70
  • social practice65
  • social problem 65, 67
  • social sciences 50, 52, 60
  • social stability 62–63, 198
  • society 2–3, 5–14, 17, 25–26, 29, 32, 37, 39–40, 42, 48–49, 56–58, 60, 62–63, 65–66, 68, 70, 75–77, 86–87, 124, 128, 160–161, 163, 177, 184, 187, 189, 197–198, 200–202, 204–206, 209, 211, 215, 217–219, 225, 227, 271
  • sociocognitive approach 8–9, 11, 39, 57, 78, 206, 218, 273 ; (also see SCA)
  • sound patterns84
  • Speaker xix, 6, 45, 48–49, 60, 75, 77–78, 84–85, 87–92, 94–103, 105–110, 112–115, 117, 119–125, 129, 131, 134–136, 138–143, 147, 152–153, 155–156, 159–160, 164, 166–176, 178–179, 181, 184–187, 189, 194, 207, 222–224, 237–245, 247, 251–254, 256, 258–263, 265–267, 272
  • spectrum 3, 5, 8, 10, 32, 65, 68, 84, 177–178, 197, 200–201, 207, 209
  • speech act 85, 99, 108, 120, 127, 151, 164, 170, 172, 219, 273
  • speech community 28–30, 44–46, 272
  • stability 8, 18, 62–64, 128, 197–198, 251
  • standard Arabic 27–28, 33–37, 78
  • standard Arabic (Also SA) 27–28, 33–37, 78
  • state xxii, 1–2, 15–16, 20, 39–40, 43–44, 46, 51, 63, 69, 71, 79, 85, 100, 105, 107, 109, 130–131, 135, 137, 146, 155, 169, 190–191, 198, 200–201, 204, 209, 219, 237, 242–243, 252–253, 257, 269
  • State of Bahrain71
  • statement 20, 75, 84–85, 98, 101, 104, 110, 112–113, 120–122, 124–129, 131–137, 140–145, 147, 149, 153–156, 158, 162–163, 172, 176, 183, 186–189, 204, 251–254, 272
  • statement group 125–129, 132–133, 136, 183, 186, 188–189
  • stereotypical 27, 45, 201
  • strata 160–161
  • strategy of intensifying grievance 76–77, 90, 94, 114, 172, 179–181, 188, 190–192, 196, 204, 207–209
  • stress 49, 81, 83, 94, 118, 142, 154, 166, 169, 171, 190, 199, 202, 224, 229, 272
  • style 64, 72, 78–79, 84, 88, 95, 97, 99, 103, 114–115, 117, 120, 122, 126–128, 138, 151, 164–165, 170, 175, 182, 184, 191, 193, 195–196, 204–205, 207, 213, 222, 224, 229, 272
  • stylistic variation84
  • subjective 60–61
  • subjectivity 52, 60
  • Sudan69
  • Sultan, Hassan xvii, xix, 94–96, 102, 112–114, 170, 178–179, 181, 204, 237, 239
  • sunnah 9, 13, 17–18
  • Sunni 1–4, 7–11, 13–15, 17–19, 21, 25, 30–33, 66–67, 70, 75, 87–88, 101, 105, 114, 124–125, 149, 156, 158, 163, 165, 174, 177, 182–183, 188–190, 193–196, 199–201, 204–209, 221, 271, 273
  • supravaloration57
  • suppression 28, 80, 203
  • sustainability 8, 198, 209
  • sympathy 76, 161, 168–169, 201, 203–204
  • synonym212
  • Syria 26, 69, 202

T

  • tajdidi 14
  • teargas 86–88, 90–97, 100–102, 104–106, 108, 110, 112–114, 179, 187, 192, 194–195, 229–230, 239–240, 244
  • Tehran 69, 191
  • telephone 166–167 ; (see also phone)
  • temporary committees71
  • terrorism 21, 125, 149, 189, 192
  • terrorist 86, 101, 124–125, 127–131, 134, 136–137, 139, 145, 149–150, 181, 186–189, 194, 227, 229, 247, 251–252
  • terrorist cell 129–130, 188, 252
  • theft 159–160, 194, 258
  • theme 2, 64, 79, 86, 188, 205, 222–223, 225
  • theory of communicative action 62–63, 197, 214
  • thief 174, 263
  • tone 84, 110, 112, 154, 170, 173–174, 183, 185, 187, 196, 205, 272
  • torture 133, 136, 140, 143, 148, 253
  • training202
  • transcription 74, 222–223, 254
  • trial 129, 133, 135–136, 139–140, 142–144, 252–254
  • triangulation53
  • truth 19–20, 57, 104, 269
  • Tunisia 1, 69, 199–200, 203
  • turn-taking 54, 147, 172
  • tutoring role 97–98, 166
  • TV 28, 145–146, 201, 252
  • Twelver 15, 26
  • Twitter201

U

  • U.A.E. 39–40, 97, 182–183, 205
  • U.S.12
  • U.S. Embassy (also American Embassy) 116–117, 245
  • UK Parliament71
  • UN 90, 203, 211, 218
  • UN 1993 Chemical Weapon Convention90
  • understatement 151, 154
  • unemployment202
  • UNICEF202
  • United Nations 88, 202
  • United Nations Development Programme202
  • unity 13, 48–49, 58, 63, 69, 163, 198–199, 201, 209, 254
  • unjustifiable 153–154, 257
  • unrest 1–2, 8–10, 12, 24, 87, 151, 199–205, 207
  • upheavals 200, 203, 204, 205
  • Upper House 3, 71 ; (also see House of Lords, Al Shura)
  • Urdu29

V

  • validity 90, 152, 160, 184, 258
  • value 68, 76, 102, 122, 180, 184
  • van Dijk 39–41, 44, 46, 49–51, 56–58, 60–62, 64, 78, 148, 153, 156, 177, 184, 188–190, 194, 216, 219, 271
  • van Leeuwen 51–53
  • vandalism 124–125, 148, 163, 175, 189, 192, 225, 266
  • variables 32, 80
  • vernacular 39, 72
  • victim181
  • video 72, 83, 201, 204, 221–222
  • violence 69, 83, 124, 150, 204
  • volume 73, 96, 222, 272
  • vote 6–7, 73, 133, 163, 175, 223, 266
  • voters 20, 67, 71, 76
  • voting 20, 125, 163, 192–193, 238, 254
  • vow 135–136, 253

W

  • Wa’ad 3–4
  • warning 99, 105, 108, 118, 144, 153–154, 172
  • Washington 163, 212, 218
  • waṭan 127, 130
  • weapon 21, 66, 161, 240
  • website73
  • welfare202
  • western 19, 21, 25–26, 31, 76, 166, 188, 190, 195, 202
  • white weapons193
  • wilāyat al faqīh 189, 273
  • wit 158–161, 217
  • women 25, 31, 92, 94, 194, 202, 239
  • wordiness 75, 76, 94, 95, 104, 120, 121, 161, 175, 176, 182, 193
  • word compounds 103, 229
  • word order 151, 224
  • wordiness 75–76, 94–95, 104, 120–121, 161, 175–176, 182, 193

Y

  • Yemen 26, 69
  • youth 31–33, 35, 37, 202, 211, 219
  • Youth of the February 14202
  • Youtube201

Z

  • Zaidis16
  • Zubaida 188–189
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