In:The Person in Politics: Pronouns and political personalization in U.S. presidential campaigns
Lilla Petronella Szabó
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 107] 2025
► pp. xi–xii
List of figures
Figure 1.Language use on the intersubjective and interpersonal levels; Tátrai (2011, p. 39,
2017b, p. 913)13
Figure 2.The types and subtypes of political personalization (Rahat & Kenig, 2018; Rahat & Sheafer, 2007)33
Figure 3.Uses of deictic expressions (based on Huang, 2014; O’Keeffe et al., 2011)57
Figure 4.Johnson’s (1987, p. 126) list of image schemas69
Figure 5.The mass and count image schemas through Obama’s inauguration photos. Source: David Stephenson/Lexington HeraldLeader/Tribune News Service via Getty Images (L) and Philip Scott Andrews/Roll Call/Getty
Images (R)70
Figure 6.The center-periphery image schema (Johnson, 1987, p. 124)72
Figure 7.Spatial proximity in deixis relative to the speaker, based on Levinson, 1983,
p. 6479
Figure 8.Distancing from the self via personal pronouns as devised by Rees (1983, cited by Maitland
& Wilson, 1987, p. 498)81
Figure 9.The relative distance of the referents of first-person plural pronouns to the deictic center105
Figure 10.1PS and 1PP pronouns in Democratic candidates’ nomination acceptance speeches, 1932–2024118
Figure 11.1PS and 1PP pronouns in Republican candidates’ nomination acceptance speeches, 1932–2024119
Figure 12.The 1PS I and the 1PP we in the presidential nomination acceptance speeches,
1932–2024121
Figure 13.1PPFamily in presidential nomination acceptance speeches, 1923–2024123
Figure 14.1PPParty in presidential nomination acceptance speeches, 1932–2024125
Figure 15.1PPNation in presidential nomination acceptance speeches, 1932–2024126
Figure 16.1PPHumanity in presidential nomination acceptance speeches, 1932–2024127
Figure 17.First-person pronouns in presidential nomination acceptance speeches before 1984129
Figure 18.First-person pronouns in presidential nomination acceptance speeches after 1984129
Figure 19.1PS pronouns in Obama’s and Reagan’s presidential nomination acceptance speech147
Figure 20.1PP pronouns in Obama’s and Reagan’s presidential nomination acceptance speech149
Figure 21.The 1PSPrivate, 1PSProfessional, and 1PSPolitical categories162
