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In:Voices of Supporters: Populist parties, social media and the 2019 European elections
Veronika Koller, Natalia Borza, Massimiliano Demata, Laura Filardo-Llamas, Anna W. Gustafsson, Susanne Kopf, Marlene Miglbauer, Valeria Reggi, Ljiljana Šarić, Charlotta Seiler Brylla and Maria Stopfner
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 101] 2023
► pp. 329–333

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Index

Published online: 1 September 2023
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.101.index
A
  • Adonis, Andrew225
  • affect (see also: emotions) 13, 16, 23, 24, 28, 50, 84, 86, 96, 115–116, 123, 124, 130, 135, 136, 137, 139, 148, 151–158, 161, 173, 215, 219, 225, 232, 265, 272–274, 278–279, 283, 288, 290
    • affective communication 6, 27
    • affective communities (see also: affective publics)290
    • affective practices 5, 30, 265–266, 270
    • affective publics (see also: affective communities)234
    • affective stance 271–272, 275
  • affirmative practices 265, 271–272, 278
  • Åkesson, Jimmie 260, 267, 271–277
  • alignment 170, 240, 264, 265
    • disalignment173
  • Alternative für Deutschland (Alternative for Germany, AfD) 11, 20, 26, 30, 33, 35–57, 209, 282, 283, 287
  • anti-Muslim discourse (attitude, stance, rhetoric) (see also: Islamophobia) 14, 32, 37, 61, 73–74, 77, 93 n. 39, 94–95, 97–98, 98 n. 43, n. 44, 100, 113, 145, 159, 166, 199, 204, 208, 216, 230, 272, 274, 281, 284, 285
  • appraisal (see also: evaluation) 8, 13, 15, 34, 115, 120, 125–130, 132, 134–135, 140, 142, 148, 151, 153, 155–157, 160, 219, 222, 226, 289
    • attitude 13, 115, 142, 148–149, 150, 151, 153–152, 154–156, 158, 219
    • engagement 115, 148, 155
    • graduation 115, 148–149, 152, 154, 156–158
  • argumentation 8, 12, 14, 21, 24, 111, 177, 187–188, 192–193, 194–202, 205–206, 241, 287
  • authoritarianism 166, 185, 260
  • autonomy (see also: independence, sovereignty) 93 n. 38, 99, 109, 143, 165, 190, 238, 240, 281
B
  • Bannon, Steven 165–166
  • Bardella, Jordan 14, 187, 188, 191–192, 194, 195, 196, 198–199, 201, 202–205, 208, 287
  • Bevara Sverige svenskt (Keep Sweden Swedish)259
  • Bolsonaro, Jair 159, 215
  • Bossi, Umberto 143–144, 147
  • Brexit 3, 16, 19 n. 2, 31, 139, 190, 210–211, 219, 225, 230–231, 233, 234, 236–237, 239, 241, 242, 247, 248–249, 250, 252, 254, 255, 282, 283
  • Brexit Party 15, 210–211, 216–220, 222–225, 227–228, 230–232, 233–234, 240, 281, 282, 284
  • Brščič, Bernard 130, 135, 137
C
  • calculated ambivalence 25 n. 5, 26, 260
  • Catalonia 165, 180, 185
  • celebrity culture 60, 69, 213
  • chauvinism284
    • welfare chauvinism166
  • Ciudadanos (Citizens) 164, 174 n. 94, 184
  • colonialism 221, 245
  • Conservative Party (UK) 31, 211, 216, 219, 224
  • content analysis 213, 263, 266, 277
  • Corbyn, Jeremy 29, 224–226, 234 n. 114
  • Cordon sanitaire 259, 277, 278, 279
  • Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) 117, 118, 119, 125–127
D
  • demographics 28, 98, 189
  • depoliticisation 213–214
  • ‘Dexit’ 37, 55
  • Domovinska liga (Homeland League, DOM) 115 n. 54, 129, 131–133
E
  • elections
    • first-order 2, 268 n. 122
    • second-order 2, 4, 79, 211 n. 104
  • ‘elite(s), the’ (see also: establishment, ‘the people’) 5, 6, 11, 13, 16, 18–20, 22–24, 26, 27, 29, 31–32, 35, 38–39, 46, 48, 53, 54, 56, 61, 57, 116–119, 123–124, 127–128, 133, 138, 139, 141, 145, 147–148, 151, 162–163, 170, 188–189, 194–195, 202, 205, 207, 209, 215, 234, 236, 240, 243, 255, 258, 260, 281–282, 285, 287–288
  • emojis 8, 11, 14, 27, 35, 40, 45–47, 56, 62, 65, 66, 120, 121, 142, 149, 150, 151–154, 155, 156, 158, 160, 162, 169, 172–173, 174, 178, 180, 196, 202, 207, 213, 220, 222, 225, 228, 245, 232 n. 113, 233, 251, 252, 262–263, 265–266, 269, 272, 284
    • flags 13, 46–47, 65–66, 67 n. 21, 76, 153, 156, 172, 174, 178, 228, 245, 266, 269, 284
    • hearts 46–47, 65, 66, 76, 120, 154, 158, 164, 172, 178, 251, 252, 265, 266 n. 120, 269, 287, 288
  • emotions (see also: affect) 6, 9, 13, 15, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 30, 41 n. 8, 43, 46, 47, 55, 64, 65, 78, 86, 96, 97, 104, 105, 107, 108, 110, 115, 120, 121, 141, 142, 143, 147–148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 158, 159–160, 161, 169, 173, 193, 212, 221, 222–223, 225, 231, 232–233, 244, 246, 251–253, 256, 265, 282, 284, 287, 288, 290–292
    • anger 22, 30, 41 n. 8, 147, 153, 207, 225, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 265, 278–279, 283, 288
    • disappointment 38, 69, 114, 132, 137, 232, 272, 277, 278, 283, 287
    • dissatisfaction 3, 24, 33, 123, 124, 130, 135, 136, 137, 164, 189, 225
    • disgust 223, 225, 229, 232
    • embarrassment 133, 134, 232
    • excitement 43, 107, 232
    • fear 22, 26, 30, 31, 46, 67, 94, 96, 97–98, 102, 130, 139, 194, 232–233, 252, 272, 278, 288
    • gratitude 12, 78, 96, 110, 197, 221, 288
    • hate 50, 155, 160, 161, 225, 232, 233, 260, 261, 278, 288
    • hope 41, 44–46, 54, 67, 69, 78, 110, 119, 121, 126, 131, 134, 136, 148, 161, 176, 202, 203, 232, 248, 252, 279, 283, 288
    • hopelessness 103, 232
    • love 41 n. 8, 43, 46–47, 56, 64–65, 78, 96, 110, 154, 156, 158, 166 n. 90, 173, 205–207, 228, 232, 233, 271, 282, 284, 288
    • pride 81, 89 n. 35, 96, 99, 103 n. 48, 104, 157, 160, 232, 233, 234, 279, 288
    • rage30
    • shock 222, 232
    • weariness232
  • Erdoğan, Tayyip 98 n. 43, 44
  • establishment (see also: ‘the elite(s)’) 6, 24, 35, 40, 44, 46, 52–54, 56, 57, 61, 69, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123 n. 69, 124–125, 146, 150, 189, 226, 236, 241, 260, 267, 277, 279, 281, 283, 288
    • anti-establishment discourse (attitude, stance, rhetoric) 24, 26, 42, 56, 112, 215, 276, 281
  • ethos 193–194, 201–205
  • Euroscepticism 3, 13, 37, 55, 59, 113 n. 53, 117, 128, 134, 141, 142, 144–145, 146, 157, 160, 161, 164, 190, 249, 255, 260, 286
  • evaluation (see also: appraisal) 7–8, 88, 115, 120, 126–127, 148, 154, 155, 157, 176, 183, 184, 185, 186, 216, 219, 221–222, 224, 229, 230, 264, 265, 275, 287–288, 289
    • evaluative practices 16, 258, 264, 266, 270–272, 279
    • evaluative stance 265, 275, 277
    • moral evaluation 83–85, 88, 109, 289
  • Euroscepticism 3, 13, 37, 55, 59, 113 n. 53, 117, 128, 134, 141, 142, 144–145, 146, 157, 160, 161, 164, 190, 249, 255, 260, 286
  • Facebook 11, 12, 13, 16, 26–27, 32, 36, 38–39, 46, 57, 80, 138, 216, 261, 262–263, 270, 271–272, 289
F
  • Farage, Nigel 29, 210, 215, 216, 227, 228–229, 233–234, 283
  • Fidesz 12, 30, 78–81, 88–89, 91, 92–93, 104, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286
  • folkhem (‘people’s home’)260
  • Fratelli D’Italia (Brothers of Italy)141
  • Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (Austrian Freedom Party, FPÖ) 11–12, 20, 26, 58, 59–61, 64–70, 75–77, 281, 283, 286
G
  • gender 5, 173, 178 n. 97, 189, 225
    • anti-gender processes113
  • generic community 12, 78, 84, 86, 99–101, 103, 106, 107, 109–110, 284, 288
  • Green Party (Austria) 63, 66, 75
  • Green Party (Germany) 44, 51, 52–53, 56
  • Green Party (Sweden) 257–258
H
  • hashtags 15, 27, 28, 142, 149, 150, 151–154, 157, 160, 168–169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 178, 179, 181, 237, 243–244, 246–247, 249–250, 253–254, 256
  • hate speech 155, 260, 261
  • heartland (see also: homeland) 14, 21–22, 27, 29, 143–144, 146, 164, 169, 172, 176, 177–178, 179–180, 181, 240
  • homeland (see also: heartland) 61–62, 65, 66–67, 74, 76, 88–90, 92–93, 96, 98–100, 102–104, 107–108, 109–110, 118, 136, 142, 148, 151, 156, 159, 166 n. 90, 210, 223, 230, 281, 283, 284–285, 288
  • historical narratives (historical myths) 23, 169, 210, 223, 227, 230
  • Hrvatski laburisti112
I
  • identity (see also: ingroup, outgroup) 3, 5, 6, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26, 30, 37, 47, 50, 76, 98, 109, 115, 116, 129, 130–135, 138, 142, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151, 155, 159, 160, 161, 168, 171, 172–175, 187, 208, 225, 233, 239, 240, 243, 244, 249, 255, 277–278, 284, 285, 289, 290
    • corporate 40, 237
    • ethnic 225, 239
    • European 2, 34, 108, 161, 164, 167, 179, 181–182, 185, 236, 246, 247, 253, 255, 285, 286
    • gender173
    • national 12, 13, 15, 23, 31, 33, 34, 60, 65, 66–67, 77, 81–82, 96, 99, 101, 138, 162, 164, 167, 172, 173, 178 n. 96, 185, 210, 219, 221, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 230, 233, 236, 237, 238, 242–243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251, 253, 254, 255, 277, 283, 284, 285–286, 287, 289
    • populist 34, 201–208, 227
    • religious 80, 239
    • supporters’ 82, 164, 171–172, 175, 185, 194, 228, 233, 236, 237, 244, 245
  • identity politics166
  • Iglesias, Pablo29
  • immigrants, immigration (see also: migrants, migration) 11, 16, 26, 31, 32, 33, 41, 61, 64, 80, 90, 91–92, 93–94, 95, 97, 99, 100 n. 45, 101, 112, 130, 138, 139, 144, 145–146, 148, 166, 177, 182–184, 185, 188, 189, 191, 195, 196, 207, 231, 232, 238, 239, 258, 259, 261, 269–270, 271, 272, 273–274, 277–278, 281–282, 283, 285, 287
    • anti-immigration discourse (attitude, stance, rhetoric) 13, 16, 26, 31, 33, 54, 80, 90, 112, 138, 144, 145, 159, 161, 166, 177, 189, 207, 225, 230, 239, 261, 272, 274, 277
  • independence (see also: autonomy, separatism, sovereignty)
    • Basque Country 182–183, 185
    • Catalonia 165, 182–183, 185
    • Hungary 79 n. 31, 81, 101
    • Padania 143–144
    • Scotland 16, 236–242, 244–250, 253–256, 281, 282 n. 128, 286, 288
  • ingroup (see also: identity, the Other, outgroup, ‘us’ versus ‘them’) 11–12, 13, 16, 22, 27, 48–50, 56, 57, 62, 64, 70, 72, 73, 76, 77, 120, 124, 130, 139, 141, 142, 147, 150, 151, 152, 155, 159, 163, 169, 170–174, 177, 194, 202, 206, 207, 215, 222, 223, 227, 232, 233, 234, 243, 245, 257, 258, 265, 269, 271, 272, 273, 278, 283, 284, 285, 288, 289
  • Instagram 15, 16, 114–115, 195, 210–217, 219–220, 224, 227–228, 230, 231, 232, 234, 258, 262–263, 268, 270, 271–276, 278, 282, 284, 288, 289
  • Islamisation 49, 74, 93, 99, 281
  • Islamophobia (see also: anti-Muslim discourse) 59, 61, 74, 189
J
  • Janša, Janez 113, 130
  • Jelinčič, Zmago 130, 137
  • Johnson, Boris 211 n. 104, 216, 224
  • Juncker, Jean-Claude 54, 55, 221
K
  • Kramberger, Ivan113
  • Kurz, Sebastian 75–76, 100 n. 45
L
  • Labour Party (UK) 15, 29, 30, 31, 211, 216, 218, 219, 224–226, 240
  • Lega (League) 3, 4, 13, 140, 141, 143–147, 148, 149, 151–152, 154, 157, 159, 160, 209, 282, 283, 284, 288
  • legitimation (legitimisation) 8, 12, 14, 21, 22, 65, 78, 83–87, 90–97, 101–102, 104, 108–109, 162, 170, 173, 174–177, 181, 185, 186, 189, 288, 289
    • delegitimation (delegitimisation) 22, 83, 108, 133, 181, 184, 185, 186, 222, 236, 243, 260
  • Le Pen, Jean-Marie189
  • Le Pen, Marine 14, 145, 187–188, 189, 190–191, 192, 194–197, 199, 200, 201–203, 204, 205, 208, 215, 283, 287
  • Levica (The Left) 111, 114, 129
  • Liberal Democrats211
  • Löfven, Stefan 268, 269, 271, 274–275, 277
  • Lööf, Annie275
M
  • Macron, Emmanuel 191, 195, 204, 205
  • mainstream media 6, 11, 27, 28, 38, 39, 52, 53, 56–57, 148, 214, 282
  • May, Theresa19 n. 2
  • mediatisation of politics 24, 26
  • Merkel, Angela 33, 37, 38, 48, 50, 52–53, 56, 93 n. 40, 104
  • metaphor 7–8, 15, 22, 30, 50, 56, 71–72, 75, 90, 94, 107, 120, 134, 169, 176–177, 178, 186, 206, 210, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226–229, 230, 244, 245, 249, 283
  • metonymy 23, 41, 71, 75, 172–173, 174–175, 177, 178, 179, 185, 188, 210, 220, 230, 241, 267, 282, 284
  • migrants, migration (see also: immigrants, immigration) 38, 39, 57, 59, 80, 88, 90, 91, 92, 95, 97, 98 n. 44, 100 n. 45, 102, 113, 129 n. 78, 130, 132, 138, 145, 146, 159, 161, 177, 183–184, 185, 190, 194–195, 200, 206–207, 209, 258, 260, 267, 273, 277, 280, 281, 282, 286
    • anti-migration discourse (attitude, stance, rhetoric) 31, 37, 130, 135, 188, 190, 191, 204, 209
  • Mitsotakis, Kyriakos213
  • Moderaterna (The Moderates)258
  • Most112
  • Movimento Cinque Stelle (Five Star Movement, M5S) 4, 20, 141, 157 n. 87, 159, 160
  • multiculturalism 26, 74, 131–132, 145
  • multimodality 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 28, 30, 40, 46, 56, 66, 76, 120, 136, 149, 152, 169, 172, 175, 178, 179–180, 182, 184, 289–290
N
  • nationalism 12, 13, 16, 36, 38, 41, 47, 56, 60–61, 64, 77, 112, 113, 140, 156, 158, 159–160, 165, 166, 189, 209, 236, 237, 238–240, 241, 243, 255, 259–260, 266, 269, 273, 274, 275, 277, 284
    • banal 61, 66, 77, 161, 287
  • nativism 36, 166, 167, 168, 175, 185
  • negation 173, 206
  • New Zealand First34
  • newsworthiness 272, 274, 278
  • non-supporters (opponents) 62, 125 n. 71, 126, 132, 133, 232, 267, 270, 271–272, 273, 289

O

  • Österreichische Volkspartei (Austrian People’s Party, ÖVP) 59, 75 n. 28
  • Orbán, Viktor 80, 87, 88, 106, 139, 159
  • “ordinary” people (see also: ‘the people’) 5, 6, 13, 26, 33, 52, 59, 61, 97, 117, 121–124, 138, 189, 232–233, 260, 276
  • Other, the (see also: ingroup, outgroup, ‘us’ versus ‘them’) 11, 14, 54, 71–76, 138, 139, 162, 258, 289
  • Ottoman Empire 95–96, 100 n. 46, 102, 103 n. 48, 281, 285
  • outgroup (see also: identity, ingroup, the Other, ‘us’ versus ‘them’) 10–11, 13, 17, 20, 27, 30, 35, 48, 54, 56–57, 74, 76, 147, 156, 159, 163, 169, 181–185, 194, 206, 207, 215, 221, 228, 231, 232, 243, 245, 283, 284, 285, 288
P
  • Partido Popular (Popular Party, PP) 164, 183
  • Partido Socialista Obrero Español (Socialist Worker’s Party Spain, PSOE) 164, 183, 184
  • Partij voor de Vrijheid (Party for Freedom)20
  • patriotism 47, 56, 130, 143, 156–161, 166 n. 90, 185, 266 n. 120, 284
    • social patriotism189
  • ‘people, the’ (see also: ‘the elite(s)’, ‘ordinary’ people) 5, 6, 7, 10–11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21–22, 23, 24, 26–27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 37–38, 40, 47, 48–49, 52, 53, 56, 57, 60, 61, 68, 80, 88, 125 n. 68, 134, 141, 142, 148, 151, 163, 164, 169, 188, 191–192, 195, 204, 205–206, 207, 208, 210, 215, 227, 230, 231, 234, 243, 252, 255, 256. 258, 283, 290
    • ‘das Volk’ 30, 41, 48
  • ‘people’s party’ 37
  • Pernar, Ivan117
  • Peters, Winston34
  • Podemos (We Can) 20, 29, 164, 166, 183, 184, 215
  • polarisation 19 n. 2, 23, 24, 140, 141, 145, 163, 185, 255, 272
  • police forces174
  • populism
    • and social media 5–7, 25, 26–28, 36, 38, 41 n. 8, 141, 163, 215, 256
    • as discourse (communication) 112 n. 52, 18, 21–22, 140, 147, 258
    • as ideology 18–19, 36, 140, 147
    • definition 10–11, 17, 18–20, 21, 291
    • role of the leader 8, 12, 15, 17, 22–23, 24, 26–27, 31, 52, 60, 69, 77, 142, 145, 150, 151, 160–161, 186, 188, 193, 194, 215, 229–230, 233, 234, 251–252, 255–256, 260, 267–268, 272, 277. 282, 283, 287
    • left-wing 12, 19–20, 23, 25, 29, 112, 138, 164, 215, 240
    • rhetoric (discourse, communication) of 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 21–24, 27–28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45, 46, 48, 50, 56, 59, 80, 112–114, 117, 129, 137, 139, 141, 145, 155, 161, 164, 169, 173, 177, 189, 214, 215, 220, 223, 232, 240, 283, 288, 291–292
    • right-wing 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19–20, 22, 23, 24, 25–26, 29, 33, 36, 37–38, 46, 56, 59, 78, 112, 113, 129, 131, 135–136, 139, 164, 173, 187–189, 193, 195, 215, 223, 230, 231, 257, 259, 260, 267, 272, 277, 278, 281, 283, 284
  • positioning 7, 24, 116, 118, 120, 124, 133, 162, 176, 186, 263–266, 268–269, 271–275, 277, 278, 289
  • propaganda 141, 142, 145, 149, 154, 159–161, 179, 212, 231–232
  • predication strategy 62, 72, 75
  • process types 31, 132
    • material 121, 127, 130, 131
    • mental31
    • relational 31, 130
    • verbal 31, 127
  • public sphere 6, 292
R
  • Rassemblement National (National Rally) 14, 20, 145, 187, 188–190, 192, 198, 199, 201, 203, 207, 209, 281, 286, 287
  • Reconquista 178 n. 96, 180–181, 186, 285
  • recontextualisation 6, 12, 34, 38, 58, 67, 68, 70, 77, 78–79, 104, 106, 107, 108, 110, 117, 122, 124, 125, 161, 162, 164, 166, 169, 171, 185, 186, 187–188, 192–193, 208, 210, 212, 228, 230, 231, 234, 237, 254, 258, 265, 273–277, 278, 286–288, 292
  • referential strategy 62, 71, 75
  • Reform Party 216, 219, 233
  • re-traditionalisation 112–113
S
  • Salmond, Alex238
  • Salvini, Matteo 3, 13, 139, 140–142, 143, 145, 146–147, 151, 152, 155–156, 158–159, 283
  • Scottish National Party (SNP) 15–16, 29, 236–237, 238–241, 245, 246–251, 253, 254–255, 281, 284, 288
  • separatism (see also: independence)
    • Basque 166, 183, 282, 283, 285
    • Catalan 163, 165, 166, 282, 283, 285
    • Padanian143
  • Sinčić, Ivan 113, 117, 188
  • Šiško, Andrej130
  • Sjöstedt, Jonas 276–277
  • Slovenska demokratska stranka (Slovenian Democratic Party, SDS) 111, 113, 115 n. 54, 129, 130, 132
  • Slovenska ljudska stranka (Slovenian People’s Party, SLS) 115 n. 54, 129, 130
  • Slovenska nacionalna stranka (Slovenian National Party, SNS)129
  • social actors 7, 13, 15, 40, 58, 62, 71, 85, 86, 97, 115, 116, 117, 118, 127 n. 75, 172, 210, 211, 219, 220, 230, 289
  • Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP) 113, 117, 118, 125–126, 127 n. 75
  • Social Democrats (Austria) 59, 61, 75
  • Social Democrats (Germany)52
  • Social Democrats (Sweden) 16, 257, 268, 269, 271, 274, 277, 278, 285, 287
  • sovereignty (see also autonomy, independence) 3, 33, 35, 38, 57, 66, 72, 89, 91, 100 n. 45, 106, 109, 135, 138, 159, 165 n. 89, 167, 179, 181, 185, 190, 219, 227, 238, 239, 240, 281, 285
  • Starmer, Keir216
  • Strache, Heinz-Christian 59–61, 62, 65 n. 20, 69–70, 215
  • Strandhäll, Annika274
  • Sturgeon, Nicola 15, 237, 238, 239, 240–241, 244, 246, 250–251, 254–255
  • Sverigedemokraterna (The Sweden Democrats, SD) 16, 26, 214, 257–258, 259–261, 262–263, 267–274, 276, 277, 278, 282, 283, 284–285, 287–288
  • ‘Swexit’260
  • Syriza 20, 29
  • Szijjártó, Péter88 n. 34
T
  • Trump, Donald 27, 32, 135, 159, 214, 227
  • Twitter 6, 26–27, 150, 163, 167, 168, 237, 243–244, 246, 250, 256, 262–263, 267, 271–272, 273, 289
U
  • United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) 20, 30, 31, 211
  • ‘us’ versus ‘them’ (see also: ingroup, the Other, outgroup) 29, 31, 45, 60–61, 77, 133, 190, 192, 194, 241
V
  • values 5, 12, 23, 26, 30, 34, 77, 78, 81, 83, 85, 87, 88, 90–91, 93–94, 96–97, 99, 101, 103, 104, 107, 109, 133, 138–139, 150, 154, 172, 189, 206–207, 225, 237, 243, 254, 260, 264, 278, 281, 283, 285–286
    • authoritarian141
    • Christian 13, 97, 108, 185, 285
    • conservative (traditional) 13, 80–81, 145, 166, 286
    • European 130, 134, 167
    • family 109, 144, 282
    • isolationist227
    • leftist146 n. 84
    • Western130
  • Van der Bellen, Alexander 75, 213
  • Verhofstadt, Guy222
  • voting intentions 4, 43, 114, 115, 120, 124, 135, 225, 242, 251, 254, 256, 287
  • voting motivations 1–2, 5, 12, 15, 23, 33, 34, 36, 41, 56, 58, 64–65, 72–73, 79, 94, 117, 129, 137, 148, 161, 188, 208, 211–212, 217, 220, 223, 227, 231, 235, 238, 247, 252, 277, 280–283, 286, 290, 292
  • Vox 14, 162–167, 168, 170–171, 173, 174–179, 181, 184–186, 215, 282 n. 127, 283, 284, 286
W
  • Wilders, Geert 215–216
Y
  • YouTube 16, 62, 258, 262–263, 271–272, 278, 289
Ž
  • Živi zid (Human Shield) 12, 13, 111–112, 113–115, 116–118, 120–123, 125–126, 128, 138, 282, 284, 288
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