In:Historical Pragmatics of Controversies: Case studies from 1600 to 1800
Gerd Fritz, Thomas Gloning and Juliane Glüer
[Controversies 14] 2018
► pp. 1–36
Chapter 1The pragmatic organization of controversies
A historical perspective
Published online: 2 November 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/cvs.14.01fri
https://doi.org/10.1075/cvs.14.01fri
Article outline
- 1.The study of controversies within the framework of historical pragmatics
- 2.Research on the history of controversies
- 3.The pragmatic organization of controversies in a historical perspective
- 3.1Parameters of the pragmatic organization of controversies
- 3.2Text types, genres and media
- 3.3Stages of a public controversy
- 3.4Moves and strategies
- 3.5Topic organization and knowledge management
- 3.6Communication principles
- 3.7The language of controversy
- 4.Types of historical development in the pragmatic organization of controversies
- 5.Conclusion
- 6.A brief survey of the case studies presented in this volume
Notes References
References (111)
Arnold, G. 1729. Unpartheyische Kirchen= und Ketzer=Historie, Vom Anfang des Neuen Testaments Biß auf das Jahr Christi 1688. […]. Frankfurt/M. [Reprint Hildesheim: Georg Olms 1967].
Arnold, R. J. 2017. Musical Debate and Political Culture in France, 1700–1830. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.
Arnovick, L. K. 1999.
Diachronic pragmatics. Seven case studies in English illocutionary development. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Bach, U. 1997. Englische Flugtexte im 17. Jahrhundert. Historisch-pragmatische Untersuchungen zur frühen Massenkommunikation. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.
Barrotta, P. 2000. “Scientific dialectics in action. The case of Joseph Priestley”. In P. Machamer, M. Pera, and A. Baltas (eds), Scientific controversies. Philosophical and historical perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 153–176.
Beetz, M. 1990. Frühmoderne Höflichkeit. Komplimentierkunst und Gesellschaftsrituale im altdeutschen Sprachraum. Stuttgart: Metzler.
Berger, P. L. and Luckmann, T. 1967. The Social Construction of Reality. Harmondsworth: The Penguin Press.
Biagioli, M. 1993. Galileo Courtier. The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bramhall, J. 1658. “Castigations of Mr. Hobbes his last animadversions in the case concerning liberty and universal necessity; wherein all his exceptions about the controversy are fully satisfied”. London. In The works of The Most Reverend Father in God, John Bramhall, D.D. […]. Vol. IV. Oxford: Parker 1844, 197–505.
Bremer, K. 2005. Religionsstreitigkeiten. Volkssprachliche Kontroversen zwischen altgläubigen und evangelischen Theologen im 16. Jahrhundert. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
2006. “Philologie und Polemik. Ein Forschungsabriss zum wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Status der Kontroverse in der Frühen Neuzeit”. Geschichte der Germanistik. Mitteilungen. Doppelheft 29/30, 9–16.
Bremer, K. and Spoerhase, C. (eds). 2015. “Theologisch-polemische Sachen”. Gelehrte Polemik im 18. Jahrhundert. (Zeitsprünge. Forschungen zur Frühen Neuzeit. Vol. 19.) Frankfurt/M.: Vittorio Klostermann.
Brinton, L. 2010. “Discourse markers”. In A. H. Jucker and I. Taavitsainen (eds), Historical Pragmatics. Handbooks of Pragmatics. Vol. 8. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 285–314.
Bucher, H.-J. 2011. “Multimodalität – eine Universalie des Medienwandels: Problemstellungen und Theorien der Multimodalitätsforschung”. In H.-J. Bucher, T. Gloning, and K. Lehnen (eds), Neue Medien – neue Formate. Ausdifferenzierung und Konvergenz in der Medienkommunikation. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag, 41–79.
Dascal, M. 1989. “Controversies as quasi-dialogues”. In E. Weigand and F. Hundsnurscher (eds), Dialoganalyse II. Vol. 1. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 147–159.
1998a. “Types of polemics and types of polemical moves”. In S. Čmejrková, J. Hoffmannová, O. Müllerová, and J. Světlá (eds), Dialoganalyse VI. Vol. 1. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 15–33.
1998b. “The study of controversies and the theory and history of science”. Science in Context 11, 147–154.
Dascal M. 2004. “On the uses of argumentative reason in religious polemics”. In T. L. Hettema and A. van der Kooij (eds), Religious Polemics in Context. Assen: Royal Van Gorcum, 3–20.
Dascal, M. and Chang, H.-L. (eds). 2007. Traditions of Controversy. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Dascal, M. and Cremaschi, S. 1999. “The Malthus-Ricardo correspondence: Sequential structure, argumentative patterns, and rationality”. Journal of Pragmatics 31, 1129–1172.
Deicke, Aline J. E. (2017): “Networks of conflict: Analyzing the “culture of controversy” in polemical pamphlets of intra-protestant disputes (1548–1580)”. Journal of Historical Network Research 1, 71–105.
Dieckmann, W. 2005. Streiten über das Streiten. Normative Grundlagen polemischer Meta-kommunikation. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
Dingel, I. 2013. “Zwischen Disputation und Polemik. ‘Streitkultur’ in den nachinterimistischen Kontroversen”. In H. P. Jürgens and T. Weller (eds), Streitkultur und Öffentlichkeit im konfessionellen Zeitalter. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 17–29.
Eemeren, F. H.van and Grootendorst, R. 1993. “The history of the argumentum ad hominem since the seventeenth century”. In E. C. W. Krabbe, R. J. Dalitz, and P. A. Smit (eds), Empirical Logic and Public Debate. Essays in Honour of Else M. Barth. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 49–68.
Eemeren, F. H. van and Houtlosser, P. (eds). 2002. Dialectic and Rhetoric. The Warp and Woof of Argumentation Analysis. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
van Eemeren, F. H., Grootendorst, R., and Snoek Henkemans, F. 2002. Argumentation: Analysis. Evaluation. Presentation. Mahwah, NJ.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Engelhardt, H. T. Jr and Caplan, A. L. (eds). 1987. Scientific Controversies. Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Engelhardt, T. H. Jr. and A. L. Caplan (eds). 1987.
Scientific Controversies. Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Essig, R.-B. 2000. Der offene Brief. Geschichte und Funktion einer publizistischenForm. Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann.
Feinäugle, N. B. 1969. “Lessings Streitschriften. Überlegungen zu Wesen und Methode der literarischen Polemik”. Lessing Yearbook 1, 126–149.
Finocchiaro, M. A. 1989. The Galileo Affair. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press.
Fitzmaurice, S. M. 2002. The familiar letter in early modern English. A pragmatic approach. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Freedman, J. S. 2010. “Published academic disputations in the context of other information formats utilized primarily in Central Europe (c. 1550–c. 1700)”. In M. Gindhart and U. Kundert (eds), Disputatio 1200–1800. Form, Funktion und Wirkung eines Leitmediums universitärer Wissenskultur. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 89–128.
Frercks, J. 2006. “Die Lehre an der Universität Jena als Beitrag zur deutschen Debatte um Lavoisiers Chemie”. Gesnerus 63, 209–239.
Freudenthal, G. 2002. “Perpetuum mobile: the Leibniz-Papin controversy”. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 33, 573–637.
Fritz, G. 1982. Kohärenz. Grundfragen der linguistischen Kommunikationsanalyse. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
1995. “Topics in the history of dialogue forms”. In A. H. Jucker (ed), Historical Pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 469–498.
2001. “Text types in a new medium – the first newspapers (1609)”. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 2, 69–83.
2003. “Dialogical structures in 17th century controversies”. In M. Bondi and S. Stati (eds), Dialogue Analysis 2000. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 199–208.
2005a. “On answering accusations in controversies”. Studies in Communication Sciences. Special Issue: Argumentation in Dialogic Interaction, 151–162.
2005b. “First person singular in 17th century controversies”. In P. Barrotta and M. Dascal (eds), Controversies and Subjectivity. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 235–250.
2008. “Communication principles for controversies: A historical perspective”. In F. H. van Eemeren and B. Garssen (eds), Controversy and Confrontation: Relating Controversy Analysis with Argumentation Theory. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 109–124.
2010. “Controversies”. In A. H. Jucker and I. Taavitsainen (eds), Historical Pragmatics. Handbook of Pragmatics, Vol. 8. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 451–481.
2011. “Wirbelstürme im digitalen Open-Peer-Review-Verfahren. Die Makarieva-Kontroverse in ‘Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics’ (2008/09) – eine Fallstudie”. In T. Gloning and G. Fritz (eds), Digitale Wissenschaftskommunikation. Formate und ihre Nutzung. Linguistische Untersuchungen. Bd. 3. Gießen: Gießener Elektronische Bibliothek, 143–174. [URL].
2012. “Kontroversen – Ein Paradigma für die Geschichte von Kommunikationsformen”. In P. Ernst (ed), Historische Pragmatik. Jahrbuch für germanistische Sprachgeschichte. Band 3. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, 105–126.
2016a. “Zum Sprachgebrauch wissenschaftlicher Kontroversen im Deutschen um 1600”. In G. Fritz: Beiträge zur Texttheorie und Diskursanalyse. Linguistische Untersuchungen. Bd. 9. Gießen: Gießener Elektronische Bibliothek, 149–171. [URL].
2016b. “Zum Sprachgebrauch wissenschaftlicher Kontroversen im Deutschen um 1780”. In G. Fritz: Beiträge zur Texttheorie und Diskursanalyse. Linguistische Untersuchungen. Bd. 9. Gießen: Gießener Elektronische Bibliothek, 173–223. [URL].
2017. Dynamische Texttheorie. Zweite Auflage. Linguistische Untersuchungen. Bd. 5. Gießen: Gießener Elektronische Bibliothek. [URL]
Fritz, G. and Gloning, T. 2012. “Critique and controversy in digital scientific communication: New formats and their affordances”. In F. H. van Eemeren and B. Garssen, (eds), Exploring Argumentative Contexts. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 213–231.
Gehema, J. A. 1688 [1980]. Grausame Medicinische Mord=Mittel […]. Brehmen: no publ. [Reprint Lindau: Antiqua-Verlag 1980].
Geuder, M. F. 1689 [1980]. Heilsame Medicinische Lebens=Mittel/Denen grausamen Medicinischen Mord=Mitteln […] Entgegen gesetzt […]. Ulm: Georg Wilhelm Kühn. [Reprint Lindau: Antiqua-Verlag 1980].
Gierl, M. 1997. Pietismus und Aufklärung. Theologische Polemik und die Kommunikationsreform der Wissenschaft am Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Gloning, T. 1999. “The pragmatic form of religious controversies around 1600: A case study in the Osiander vs. Scherer & Rosenbusch controversy”. In A. H. Jucker, G. Fritz and F. Lebsanft (eds), Historical Dialogue Analysis. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 81–110.
2005. “Early Modern controversies and theories of controversy: The rules of the game and the role of the persons”. In P. Barrotta and M. Dascal (eds), Controversies and Subjectivity. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 263–281.
2013. “August Hermann Franckes frühe Streitschriften 1689–1694. Kommunikationspraxis, Textgestalt, Wortgebrauch”. In I. Bons, T. Gloning, and D. Kaltwasser (eds), Fest-Platte für Gerd Fritz. [URL].
2008. Textgebrauch und textuelle Muster in der wissenschaftlichen Medizin des 19. Jahrhunderts. Exemplarische Untersuchungen und Forschungsaufgaben. In Gansel, Christina (ed), Textsorten und Systemtheorie. Göttingen: V & R unipress, 67–93.
Glüer, J. 2000. “Religiöses Streiten aus der Perspektive des Krieges – Beobachtungen zu einer protestantisch-jesuitischen Kontroverse im Vorfeld des Dreißigjährigen Krieges”. In B.-M. Schuster, J. Riecke, and G. Richter (eds), Raum, Zeit, Medium. Festschrift für Hans Ramge. Darmstadt: Hessische Historische Kommission, 373–399.
Goldenbaum, U. 2004. “Die öffentliche Debatte in der deutschen Aufklärung 1697–1796”. In U. Goldenbaum (ed), Appell an das Publikum. Die öffentliche Debatte in der deutschen Aufklärung 1697–1796. Vol. 1. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1–118.
Goldgar, A. 1995. Impolite Learning. Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters 1680–1750. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Grafton, A. 2009. “Chronology, controversy, and community in the Republic of Letters. The case of Kepler”. In A. Grafton: Worlds made by words. Scholarship and community in the modern West. Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 114–136.
Große Kracht, K. 2005. Die zankende Zunft. Historische Kontroversen in Deutschland nach 1945. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Hettema, T. L. and van der Kooij, A. (eds). 2004. Religious Polemics in Context. Assen: Royal Van Gorcum.
Hobbes, T. 1654. “Of liberty and necessity: A treatise wherein all controversy concerning predestination, election, free-will, grace, merits, reprobation, etc. is fully decided and cleared. In answer to a treatise written by the Bishop of Londonderry, on the same subject”. London 1654. In The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury; now first collected and edited by Sir William Molesworth, Bart. Vol. IV. London 1841, 229–278. [Reprint Aalen: Scientia 1962].
1658. “The questions concerning liberty, necessity, and chance, clearly stated and debated between Dr. Bramhall, Bishop of Derry, and Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury. London 1656”. In The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury; now first collected and edited by Sir William Molesworth, Bart. Vol. V. London 1841, 1–455. [Reprint Aalen: Scientia 1962].
Jardine, N. 1984. The Birth of History and Philosophy of Science. Kepler’s A defense of Tycho against Ursus. With Essays on its Provenance and Significance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jucker, A. H., Fritz, G., and Lebsanft, F. (eds). 1999. Historical Dialogue Analysis. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Kepler, J. 1609. Antwort Joannis Keppleri (…) Auff D. Helisai Röslini (…) Discurs Von heutiger zeit beschaffenheit (…). Prag: Sesse. In Kepler, J.: Gesammelte Werke. Band 4. Hg. von M. Caspar und F. Hammer. München 1941, 101–144.
1610. [1941]. “Tertivs interveniens. Das ist/Warnung an etliche Theologos, Medicos vnd Philosophos […]”. Frankfurt a. M.: Gottfried Tampach. In M. Caspar and F. Hammer (eds), Kepler, J.: Gesammelte Werke, Vol. 4. München: Beck 1941, 147–258.
Khorasani, M. M. 2008. The Development of Controversies: From the Early Modern Period to Online Discussion Forums. Bern/Berlin etc.: Peter Lang.
Kneer, G. and Moebius, S. (eds). 2010. Soziologische Kontroversen. Beiträge zu einer anderen Geschichte der Wissenschaft vom Sozialen. Berlin: Suhrkamp.
Knoblauch, H. and Luckmann, T. 2004. “Genre analysis”. In U. Flick, E. v. Kardorff, and I. Steinke (eds), A Companion to Qualitative Research. London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: Sage Publications, 303–307.
Kohnen, Thomas. 2002. Towards a history of English directives. In Andreas Fischer, Gunnel Tottie & Hans Martin Lehmann (eds),
Text types and corpora. Studies in honour of Udo Fries. Tübingen: Gunter Narr, 165–175.
Lamont, W. (ed). 1998. Historical Controversies and Historians. London [etc.]: University College London Press.
Leibniz, G. W. 2006. The Art of Controversies. Translated and edited, with an introductory essay and notes by M. Dascal with Q. Racionero and A. Cardoso. Dordrecht: Springer.
Lötscher, Andreas. 1981. Zur Sprachgeschichte des Fluchens und Beschimpfens im Schweizerdeutschen. Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 48, 145–160.
Marti, H. 2010. “Disputation und Dissertation. Kontinuität und Wandel im 18. Jahrhundert”. In M. Gindhart and U. Kundert (eds), Disputatio 1200–1800. Form, Funktion und Wirkung eines Leitmediums universitärer Wissenskultur. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 63–85.
Mauser, W. and Saße, G. (eds). 1993. Streitkultur. Strategien des Überzeugens im Werk Lessings. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
Mendelsohn, E. 1987. “The political anatomy of controversy in the sciences”. In H. T. Engelhardt, Jr. and A. L. Caplan (eds), Scientific Controversies. Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 585–597.
Mintz, S. I. 1969.
The hunting of Leviathan: Seventeenth-century reactions to the materialism and moral philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Muckenhaupt, M. 1986. Text und Bild. Grundfragen der Beschreibung von Text-Bild-Kommunikationen aus sprachwissenschaftlicher Sicht. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Musolff, A. 2004. Metaphor and Political Discourse. Analogical Reasoning in Debates about Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pahta, P. and Taavitsainen, I. 2010. “Scientific discourse”. In A. H. Jucker and I. Taavitsainen (eds), Historical Pragmatics. Handbooks of Pragmatics. Vol. 8. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 549–586.
Paintner, U. 2010. “Aus der Universität auf den Markt. Die disputatio als formprägende Gattung konfessioneller Polemik im 16. Jahrhundert am Beispiel antijesuitischer Publizistik”. In M. Gindhart, and U. Kundert (eds),. Disputatio 1200–1800. Form, Funktion und Wirkung eines Leitmediums universitärer Wissenskultur. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 129–154.
Partington, J. R. and McKie, D. 1937–1939. “Historical studies on the Phlogiston theory”. Annals of Science 2: 1937, 361–404; 3: 1938, 1–58; 4: 1938, 337–371; 5: 1939, 113–149.
Ratia, M. 2011.
Texts “Con” and “Pro”. The Early Modern Controversy over Tobacco. (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki, Tome LXXXII). Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
Ratia, M. and Suhr, C. 2011. “Medical pamphlets: controversy and advertising”. In I. Taavitsainen and P. Pahta (eds), Medical Writing in Early Modern English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 180–203.
Raymond, J. 2003. Pamphlets and Pamphleteering in Early Modern Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Regner, A. C. 2008. “Charles Darwin versus George Mivart. The role of polemics in science”. In F. H. van Eemeren and B. Garssen (eds), Controversy and Confrontation: Relating Controversy Analysis with Argumentation Theory. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 51–75.
Rey, A.-L. 2010. Leibniz and Papin: From public debate to the correspondence. In M. Das-cal (ed),
The practice of reason. Leibniz and his controversies. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 75–100.
Salager-Meyer, F. and Zambrano, N. 2001. “The bittersweet rhetoric of controversiality in 19th and 20th century French and English medical literature”. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 2(1), 141–175.
Schindler, A. and Schneider-Lastin, W. (eds). 2015. Die Badener Disputation von 1526. Kommentierte Edition des Protokolls. Zürich: Theologischer Verlag.
1999. “The use of dialogue in early German pamphlets. On the constitution of public involvement in the Reuchlin-Pfefferkorn controversy”. In A. H. Jucker, G. Fritz, and F. Lebsanft (eds), Historical dialogue analysis. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 111–137.
Schröder, T. 1995.
Die ersten Zeitungen. Textgestaltung und Nachrichtenauswahl. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Senderowicz, Y. M. 1998. “Facing the bounds of tradition: The Kant – Eberhard controversy.” Science in Context 11(2): 205–228.
2010. Controversies and the Metaphysics of Mind. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Shapin, S. 1994. A Social History of Truth. Civility and science in seventeenth-century England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Spoerhase, C. 2007. “Kontroversen: Zur Formenlehre eines epistemischen Genres”. In R. Klausnitzer and C. Spoerhase (eds), Kontroversen in der Literaturtheorie/Literaturtheorie in der Kontroverse. Bern/Berlin etc.: Peter Lang, 49–92.
Thomasius, J. 1670. Erotemata Logica pro incipientibus. Acceßit pro adultis Processus disputandi. Lipsiae: Frommanni.
Vopel, H. 1972. Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem chemischen System Lavoisiers in Deutschland am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. Dissertation zur Promotion A. Leipzig: Karl-Marx-Universität.
Walton, D. 1997. Appeal to Expert Opinion. Arguments from Authority. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
1998. The New Dialectic. Conversational Contexts of Argument. Toronto/Buffalo/London: University of Toronto Press.
