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Article published In: Chinese as a Second Language (漢語教學研究—美國中文教師學會學報)
Vol. 54:2 (2019) ► pp.122–144

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现代汉语常用文言虚词的语块教学

 | Brigham Young University

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 20 March 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/csl.18016.liu
抽象
现代汉语中保留了许多文言成分，文言虚词的使用是现代汉语书面语体的重要特征之一，不仅让语言表达更为书面，也能够使语言表达更典雅。本文对两组面对汉语二语学习者的词表进行统计，总结出现代汉语中二语学习者需要掌握的常用文言虚词。并提出应重视对现代汉语中的常用文言虚词进行系统性的教学和训练，文言虚词的教学不应局限于词语本身，而需要进行联系和拓展，从词素、词，到词语搭配、固定结构，多层面地为学习者展现文言虚词的用法，进行语块教学。本文在语料库分析的基础上，总结了常用文言虚词的常见语块，包括词语搭配、实词和虚词组合的固定结构、框架结构及话语标记语等类型，并讨论了如何培养学习者的语块学习意识、加强对语块的正确使用、促进对语块语体特征的理解以及引导学习者输出语块四个方面的教学操作问题，以期为汉语作为第二语言的教学和教材编写提供参考｡
Abstract
Formulaic language instruction of classical grammatical words in modern Chinese
The use of classical Chinese is one of the important features of modern Chinese written style. This study summarizes the core classical grammatical words for Chinese L2 learners through an analysis of two vocabulary lists created for Chinese L2 learners. A formulaic language instruction model of teaching common classical grammatical words in modern Chinese is proposed. The teaching of this group of words should not be limited to the words themselves but should be expended to include word collocations and fixed structures. Based on the corpus analysis, formulaic sequences of classical grammatical words in modern Chinese, including collocations, the fixed structure of the combination of content words and grammatical words, framework structures and discourse markers are listed, serving as a reference for classroom instruction and, textbook development. Pedagogical strategies are suggested to increase learners’ awareness of formulaic sequences of classical grammatical words, to guide correct use of these sequences, to encourage greater output of the sequences, and to promote comprehension of the difference between written/formal style and oral/informal style.
Article outline
  • 引言
  • 一、面对二语教学的常用文言虚词的选词和排序
  • 二、常用文言虚词的习得问题
  • 三、常用文言虚词的语块分析和教学：以“此”为例
    • 3.1语块和语块教学
    • 3.2常用文言虚词的语块提取
    • 3.3“此”的语块分析及教学
    • 3.4常用文言虚词的语块教学建议
      • 3.4.1以拓展的方式培养语块学习意识
      • 3.4.2通过朗读、填空、替换等练习加强对语块的正确使用
      • 3.4.3通过语体变换练习促进对语块语体特征的理解
      • 3.4.4以完成句子、总结、复述等练习引导学习者输出语块
  • 笔记
  • 参考文献
References (40)
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