Cover not available

Article published In: Concentric
Vol. 49:2 (2023) ► pp.139–174

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
EPUB logo with download linkDownload EPUB
authorization required

Loanword adaptation of Japanese consonants in Kavalan

ORCiD logo with link | National Taiwan Normal University
Published online: 2 November 2023
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/consl.22045.lin
Abstract
This paper is a first attempt to investigate loanword adaptation of Japanese consonants in Kavalan. Based on first hand data, the paper shows that when a Japanese consonant is adapted as the closest Kavalan consonant, the manner features are of higher phonological weight and are more faithfully retained than the place and voicing features. It is shown that for adaptations involving a change in the place of articulation, the change is generally minimal and confined within the same major place feature. This is except for the [ɸ] > [h] and the [ç] > [h] mappings which involve a change from [Lab] and [Cor] to [Phar]. It is argued that although the [ɸ] > [h] and the [ç] > [h] mappings may seem to suggest that loanword adaptation in Kavalan is based on phoneme-to-phoneme mappings, the adaptations of Japanese affricates and the word-medial nasal codas suggest otherwise; the change is in fact driven by place markedness. Together with the fact that native Kavalan phonotactics also plays a role in shaping the non-native sounds perceived, this paper argues that Kavalan loanword adaptation is best accounted for by a loanword theory which takes into account both perception and phonology.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Consonants and phonotactics of Kavalan and Japanese
  • 3.Data and generalization
  • 4.Formal analysis
    • 4.1Direct importation
    • 4.2Feature retentions in adaptation
      • 4.2.1Manner features
      • 4.2.2Voicing feature
      • 4.2.3Place features
    • 4.3Consonantal adaptation in Kavalan is not based on phonological categories
  • 5.Concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
References (66)
References
Alderete, John, Jill Beckman, Laura Benua, Amalia Gnanadesikan, John J. McCarthy, and Suzanne Urbanczyk. 1999. Reduplication with fixed segmentism. Linguistic Inquiry 301:327–364. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beckman, Jill. 1997. Positional faithfulness, positional neutralization, and Shona vowel harmony. Phonology 14.1:1–46. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Blevins, Juliette. 2015. Evolutionary phonology: A holistic approach to sound change typology. The Oxford Handbook of Historical Phonology, ed. by Patrick Honeybone and Joseph Salmons, 485–500. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Blust, Robert. 2009. The Austronesian Languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chang, Yung-li. 2000. Gemalanyu Cankao Yufa [A Reference Grammar of Kavalan]. Taipei: Yuan-liu.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Crawford, Clifford. 2007. The role of loanword diffusion in changing adaptation patterns: A study of coronal stops in Japanese borrowings. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory 161:32–56.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2008. An evolutionary account of loanword-induced sound change in Japanese. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 141:56–80.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Crothers, John. 1978. Typology and universals of vowel systems. Universals of Human Language: Volume 2: Phonology, ed. by Joseph H. Greenberg, 93–152. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cser, András. 2003. The Typology and Modelling of Obstruent Lenition and Fortition Processes. Budapest: Akadémie Kiadó.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Davidson, Lisa. 2007. The relationship between the perception of non-native phonotactics and loanword adaptation. Phonology 241:261–286. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
de Lacy, Paul. 2002. The Formal Expression of Markedness. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Disner, Sandra. 1984. Insights on vowel spacing. Patterns of Sounds, ed. by Ian Maddieson, 136–155. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Flemming, Edward S. 1995. Auditory Representations in Phonology. Doctoral dissertation, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
2002. Auditory Representations in Phonology. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Frisch, Stefan A., Janet B. Pierrehumbert, and Michael B. Broe. 2004. Similarity avoidance and the OCP. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 221:179–228. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gnanadesikan, Amalia. 1997. Phonology with Ternary Scales. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Hayward, Katrina, and Richard Hayward. 1989. Guttural: Arguments for a new distinctive feature. Transactions of the Philological Society 871:179–193. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Honeybone, Patrick. 2008. Lenition, weakening and consonantal strength: Tracing concepts through the history of phonology. Lenition and Fortition, ed. by Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho, Tobias Scheer and Philippe Ségéral, 9–92. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hsieh, Feng-fan, Michael Kenstowicz, and Xiaomin Mou. 2009. Mandarin adaptation of coda nasals in English loanwords. Loan Phonology, ed. by Andrea Calabrese and W. Leo Wetzels, 131–154. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hsieh, Fuhui. 2016. Kemalanyu Yufagailun [An Introduction to Kavalan Grammar] New Taipei: Council of Indigenous Peoples.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hsieh, Fuhui, and Zong-xiu Hsieh. 2012. A Kavalan Dictionary. Taipei: Council of Indigenous Peoples. Retrieved November 7, 2022, from [URL]
Jun, Jongho. 1995. Perceptual and Articulatory Factors in Place Assimilation: An Optimality Theoretic Approach. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
. 2004. Place assimilation. Phonetically Based Phonology, ed. by Bruce Hayes, Robert Kirchner and Donca Steriade, 58–86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kang, Yoonjung. 2011. Loanword phonology. Companion to Phonology, ed. by Marc van Oostendorp, Colin Ewen, Elizabeth Hume and Keren Rice, 2258–2282. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kenstowicz, Michael. 2003. The role of perception in loanword phonology. Studies in African Linguistics 321:95–112. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2007. Salience and similarity in loanword adaptation: A case study from Fijian. Language Sciences 291:316–340. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lacharite, Darlene, and Carole Paradis. 2005. Category preservation and proximity versus phonetic approximation in loanword adaptation. Linguistic Inquiry 361:223–258. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1982. Kavalan phonology: Synchronic and diachronic. GAVA: Studies in Austronesian Languages and Cultures Dedicated to Hans Kahler, ed. by Rainer Carle, Martina Heinschke, Peter W. Pink, Christel Rost and Karen Stadtlander, 479–495. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Li, Paul Jen-kuei, and Shigeru Tsuchida. 2006. Kavalan Dictionary. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lin, Yen.-Hwei. 2008. Variable vowel adaptation in Standard Mandarin loanwords. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 17.4:363–380. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lin, Yen-Hwei. 2009. Loanword adaptation and phonological theory. Proceedings of the 21st North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-21), vol. 11, ed. by Yun Xiao, 1–12. Smithfield, Rhode Island: Bryant University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lombardi, Linda. 1997. Why place and voice are different: Constraint interactions and feature faithfulness in Optimality Theory. Manuscript, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McCarthy, John J. 1991. Semitic gutturals and distinctive feature theory. Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics III, ed. by Bernard Comrie and Mushira Eid, 63–91. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
1994. The phonetics and phonology of Semitic pharyngeals. Phonological Structure and Phonetic Form, Papers in Laboratory Phonology III, ed. by Patricia A. Keating, 191–233. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McCarthy, John J., and Alan Prince. 1993. Prosodic morphology I: Constraint interaction and satisfaction. Manuscript, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, and Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1995. Faithfulness and reduplicative identity. Papers in Optimality Theory, ed. by Walsh Dickey Beckman and Suzanne Urbanczyk, 249–384. Amherst, MA: Graduate Linguistic Student Association.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Miao, Ruiqin. 2006. Loanword Adaptation in Mandarin Chinese: Perceptual, Phonological and Sociolinguistic Factors. Doctoral dissertation, Stony Brook University, New York.
Moriguchi, Tsunekazu. 1983. An inquiry into Kbalan phonology. Journal of Asian and African Studies 261:202–219.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mowrey, Richard, and William Pagliuca. 1995. The reductive character of articulatory evolution. Rivista Di Linguistica 7.1:37–124.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Palemeq, Yedda. 2014a. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Gamalan Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Kavalan]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014b. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Amei Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Amis]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014c. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Paiwan Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Paiwan]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014d. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Taiya Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Atayal]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014e. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Bunong Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Bunun]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014f. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Beinan Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Puyuma]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014g. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Lukai Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Rukai]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014h. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Saideke Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Seediq]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014i. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Zou Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Tsou]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014j. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Saixia Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Saisyat]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014k. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Saqilaiya Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Sakizaya]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014l. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Shou Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Thao]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014m. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Laaluwa Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Hla’alua]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014n. Taiwan Yuanzhumin Zuyu Jieci Cihui Huibian – Kanakanafu Yu [A Glossary of Loanwords in Kanakanavu]. Taipei: Indigenous Languages Research and Language Center.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Paradis, Carole, and Darlene Lacharite. 1997. Preservation and minimality in loanword adaptation. Journal of Linguistics 331:379–430. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pater, Joe. 1995. Austronesian nasal substitution and other NC effects. The Prosody Morphology Interface, ed. by René Kager, Harry van der Hulst and Wim Zonneveld, 310–343. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Peperkamp, Sharon. 2005. A psycholinguistic theory of loanword adaptation. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, ed. by Marc Ettlinger, Nicholas Fleischer and Mischa Park-Doob, 341–352. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistic Society.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Peperkamp, Sharon, and Emmanuel Dupoux. 2003. Reinterpreting loanword adaptations: The role of perception. Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, ed. by Maria-Josep Solé, 367–370. Barcelona: UAB.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Prince, Alan, and Paul Smolensky. 2004. Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Malden: Blackwell. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rubach, Jerzy. 2019. Surface velar palatalization in Polish. Natural Language and Linguist Theory 371:1421–1462. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schane, Sanford. 1984. The fundamentals of Particle Phonology. Phonology Yearbook 11:129–155. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Smolensky, Paul. 1993. Harmony, markedness, and phonological activity. Paper presented at Rutgers Optimality Workshop I, New Brunswick, NJ.
Steriade, Donca. 2001. Directional asymmetries in place assimilation: A perceptual account. The Role of Speech Perception in Phonology, ed. by Elizabeth Hume and Keith Johnson, 219–250. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2002. The phonology of perceptibility effects: The P-map and its consequences for constraint organization. Manuscript, UCLA, CA.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tsujimura, Natsuko. 2014. An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vance, Timothy J. 2008. The Sounds of Japanese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yip, Moira. 2006. The symbiosis between perception and grammar in loanword phonology. Lingua 1161:950–997. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue