Article published In: Cognitive Linguistic Studies
Vol. 2:2 (2015) ► pp.302–329
Thinking-for-translating
Acquisition of English physical motion constructions by Spanish translators in training
Published online: 3 March 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/cogls.2.2.05cif
https://doi.org/10.1075/cogls.2.2.05cif
The present paper examines the acquisition of English physical motion constructions by Spanish translators in training. Drawing from Talmy’s (1985, 1991, 2000) typological framework for motion event descriptions and Slobin’s (1996, 2003) thinking-for-speaking hypothesis, the main aim of this research is to study whether the acquisition of English lexicalization patterns by Spanish translators in training could be facilitated by instructing them to think-for-translating into English. To this end, first, participants in the experimental and control group were told to translate some narrative fragments from Spanish into English. Then, once they completed the task, participants in the experimental group were instructed on the typological differences between English and Spanish with regard to the domain of physical motion and on how to render typical Spanish motion descriptions into English motion constructions. Finally, after a one week delay they were told to translate new fragments from Spanish into English. We observed that participants in the experimental group produced a higher number of manner verbs plus path expressions than the control group which, in turn, favoured the use of non-manner verbs plus path expressions. The results show that, overall, instruction contributes to better performance in the production of satellite-framed constructions but translators in training still have problems with the use of satellites and prepositional phrases.
Keywords: translation, motion constructions, translators in training, English, Spanish
References (81)
Alonso, R. (2011). The translation of motion events from Spanish into English: A cross-linguistic perspective. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 19(4), 353–366.
Aske, J. (1989). Path predicates in English and Spanish: A closer look.
Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
, 151, 1–14.
Beavers, J., Levin, B., & Tham, S.W. (2010). The typology of motion expressions revisited. Journal of Linguistics, 461, 331–377.
Berman, R., & Slobin, D.I. (1994). Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Berthaud, S., & Antonijević S, . (2011, May). Path and manner of motion: Translational equivalents and second language acquisition. Paper presented at the
4th International Conference of the French Association of Cognitive Linguistics
, Lyon.
Billman, D., & Krych, M. (1998). Path and manner verbs in action: Effects of ‘skipping’ and ‘exiting’” on event memory.
Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society
. Hillsday, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Brown, A. (2007). Crosslinguistic influence in first and second languages: Convergence in speech and gesture. MPI Series in Psycholinguistics, 47. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.
Brown, A., & Gullberg. M. (2008). Bidirectional crosslinguistic influence in L1-L2 encoding of manner in speech and gesture: A study of Japanese speakers of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 301, 225–251.
Cadierno, T. (2004). Expressing motion events in a second language: A cognitive typological perspective. In M. Archard & S. Niemeier (Eds.), Cognitive linguistics, second language acquistion and foreign language teaching (pp. 13–49). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
. (2010). Motion in Danish as a second language: Does the learner´s l1 make a difference? In Z. Han & T. Cadierno (Eds.), Linguistic relativity in second language acquisition. Thinking for speaking (pp. 1–33). Bristol/Buffalo/Toronto: Multilingual Matters.
. (2013a, April). Lenguaje y pensamiento en acción: Aprender a ‘pensar para hablar’ en una segunda lengua. Paper presented at the
XXXI AESLA International Conference
, La Laguna.
. (2013b). Thinking for speaking in second language acquisition. In C.A. Chapelle (Ed.), The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Cadierno, T., & Lund, K. (2004). Cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition: Motion events in a typological framework. In J. Williams, B. VanPattern, S. Rott, & M. Overstreet (Eds.), Form-meaning connections in second language acquisition (pp. 139–154). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cadierno, T., & Ruiz, L. (2006). Motion events in Spanish L2 acquisition. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 41, 183–216.
Cadierno, T., & Robinson, P. (2009). Language typology, task complexity and the development of L2 lexicalization patterns for describing motion events. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 71, 245–276.
Cappelle, B. (2012). English is less rich in manner-of-motion verbs when translated from French. Across Languages and Cultures, 13(2), 173–195.
Cerda, J.P. (2010). Estrategias utilizadas en la traducción inversa español-inglés de verbos de movimiento: un estudio en lingüística cognitiva [Strategies in the inverse translation Spanish-English of motion verbs: a study in cognitive linguistics] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
Cifuentes-Férez, P. (2006). La expresión de los dominios de movimiento y visión en inglés y en español desde la perspectiva de la lingüística cognitiva [The expression of motion and vision in English and Spanish from the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Universidad de Murcia, Murcia.
. (2007). Human locomotion verbs in English and Spanish. International Journal of English Studies, 7(1), 117–136.
. (2009). A Crosslinguistic study on the semantics of motion verbs in English and Spanish. Munich: LINCOM.
. (2010). The semantics of the English and the Spanish motion verb lexicons. Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 8(2), 233–271.
. (2013). El tratamiento de los verbos de manera de movimiento y de los caminos en la traducción inglés-español de textos narrativos [The process of translating manner of motion verbs and paths in English-into-Spanish translation of narrative texts]. Miscelánea, 471, 53–80.
. (2014). A closer look at paths of vision, manner of vision and their translation from English into Spanish. Languages in Contrast, 14(2), 214–250.
Cifuentes-Férez, P., & Rojo, A. (2015). Thinking for translating: A think-aloud protocol on the translation of manner-of-motion verbs. Target, 27(2), 273–300
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Croft, W., Barddal, J., Hollmann, W., Sotirova, V., & Taoka, C. (2010). Revising Talmy’s typological classification of complex event constructions. In H.C. Boas (Ed.), Contrastive studies in construction grammar (pp. 201–235). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Daller, M.H., Treffers-Daller, J., & Furman, R. (2011). Transfer of conceptualization patterns in bilinguals: The construal of motion events in Turkish and German. Bilingualism: Language and cognition, 14(1), 95–119.
De Knop, S., & Gallez, F. (2011, July). Manner of motion: A privileged dimension of German expressions. Paper presented at the
11th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference
, Xi’an.
Fanego, T. (2012). Motion events in English: The emergence and diachrony of manner salience from old English to late modern English. Folia Linguistica Historica, 331, 29–85.
Feist, M.I., Rojo, A., & Cifuentes-Férez, P. (2007). Salience and acceptability in Spanish manner verbs: A preliminary view. International Journal of English Studies, 7(1), 137–148.
Feist, M.I., & Cifuentes-Férez, P. (2013). Remembering how: Language, memory and the salience of manner. Journal of Cognitive Science, 14(4), 379–398.
Filipović, L. (2007). Talking about motion: A crosslinguistic investigation of lexicalization patterns. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. (2010). Thinking and speaking about motion: Universal vs. language- specific effects. In G. Marotta, A. Lenci, L. Meini, & F. Rovai (Eds.), Space in language (pp. 235–248). Pisa: University of Pisa Press.
. (2011). Speaking and remembering in one or two languages: Bilingual vs. monolingual lexicalization and memory for motion events. International Journal of Bilingualism, 15(4), 466–485.
. (2013). Typology as a continuum: Intratypological evidence from English and Serbo-Croatian. In J. Goschler & A. Stefanovitsch (Eds.), Variation and change in the encoding of motion events (pp. 17–38). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Filipović, L., & Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I. (Forthcoming). Motion. In E. Dabrowska & D. Divjak (Eds.), Mouton handbook of cognitive linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Filipović, L., & Vidaković, I. (2010). Typology in the L2 classroom: Acquisition from a typological perspective. In M. Pütz & L. Sicola (Eds.), Inside the learner´s mind: Cognitive processing in second language acquisition (pp. 269–291). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Galvan, D., & Taub, S. (2004). The encoding of motion information in American sign language. In S. Stromqvist & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Relating events in narrative: Typological and contextual perspectives (pp. 191–217). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gennari, S.P., Sloman, S.A., Malt, B.C., & Fitch, T. (2002). Motion events in language and cognition. Cognition, 831, 49–79.
Gullberg, M. (2009). Reconstructing verb meaning in a second language: How English speakers of L2 Dutch talk and gesture about placement. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 71, 222–245.
Han, Z., & Cadierno, T. (Eds.). (2010). linguistic relativity in second language acquisition. Thinking for speaking. Bristol / Buffalo / Toronto: Multilingual Matters.
Hasko, V. (2010). The role of thinking for speaking in adult L2 speech: The case of (Non)unidirectionality encoding by American learners of Russian. In Z. Han & T. Cadierno (Eds.), Linguistic relativity in second language acquisition. Thinking for speaking (pp. 34–58). Bristol / Buffalo / Toronto: Multilingual Matters.
Hijazo-Gascón, A. (2011). La expresión de eventos de movimiento y su adquisición en segundas lenguas [The expression of motion events and their acquisition in second languages] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza.
Hohestein, J., Eisenberg, A., & Naigles, L. (2006). Is he floating across or crossing afloat? Cross-influence in L1 and L2 in Spanish-English bilingual adults. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 91, 249–261.
Hubscher-Davidson, S. (2004). Personality features as an integral part of the translation process. In M. Sidiropoulou (Ed.), Choice and difference in translation, 43–59. Athens: University of Athens.
. (2009). Personal diversity and diverse personalities in translation: A Study of individual differences. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 17(3), 175–192.
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I. (2003). What translation tells us about motion: A contrastive study of typologically different languages. International Journal of English Studies, 3(2), 153–178.
. (2004, September). Motion events in second language acquisition: Spanish and Basque. Paper presented at the
Conference of the European Second Language Association (EUROSLA)
. University of the Basque Country-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, San Sebastián.
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I., & Filipović, L. (2013). Lexicalisation patterns and translation. In A. Rojo & I. Ibarretxe-Antuñano (Eds.), Cognitive linguistics and translation: Advances in some theoretical models and applications (pp. 251–281). Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ikegami, Y. (1991). ‘DO-language’ and ‘BECOME-language’: Two contrasting types of linguistic representation. In Y. Ikegami (Ed.), The empire of signs: Semiotic essays on Japanese culture (pp. 285–326). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Jaka, A. (2009). Mugimenduzko ekintzak ingelesez eta euskaraz, Sarrionandiaren itzulpen baten azterketatik abiatuta [Motion events in English and Spanish: a translation study]. Uztaro, 691, 53–76.
Jarvis, S., & Pavlenko, A. (2007). Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. New York / London: Routledge.
Kellerman, E., & van Hoof, A. (2003). Manual accents. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 41(3), 251–269.
McNeill, D. (Ed.). (2000). Language and gesture: Window into thought and action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McNeill, D., & Duncan, S. (2000). Growth points in thinking-for-speaking. In D. McNeill (Ed.), Language and gesture (pp. 141–161). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Molina, L., & Hurtado Albir, A. (2002). Translation techniques revisited: A dynamic and functionalist approach. Meta, 47(4), 498–512.
Montrul, S. (2001). Agentive verbs of manner of motion in Spanish and English as second languages. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21, 171–206.
Naigles, L., & Terrazas, P. (1998). Motion verb generalizations in English and Spanish: Influences of language and syntax. Psychological Science, 91, 363–369.
Navarro, S., & Nicoladis, E. (2005). Describing motion events in adult L2 Spanish narratives. In D. Eddington (Ed.), Selected Proceedings of the 6th Conference on the Acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese as First and Second Languages (pp. 102–107). Somerville, MA.: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Negueruela, E., Lantolf, J., Jordan, S.R., & Gelabert, J. (2004). The ‘private function’ of gesture in second language speaking activity: A study of motion verbs and gesturing in English and Spanish. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 141, 113–147.
Nicoladis, E., & Brisard, F. (2002). Encoding motion in gestures and speech: Are these differences in bilingual children´s French and English? Space in language. Location, motion, path, and manner. In E.V. Clark (Ed.), The Proceedings of the 31st Stanford Child Language Research Forum (pp. 60–68). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
Oh, K. (2003). Language, cognition, and development: Motion events in English and Korean (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of California, Berkeley.
Özyürek, A., Kita, S., Allen, S., Furman, R., & Brown, A. (2005). How does linguistic framing of events influence co-speech gestures? Insights from cross-linguistic variations and similarities. Gesture, 5(1), 215–237.
Kita, S., Özyürek, A., Allen, S., Brown, A., Furman, R., & Ishizuka, T. (2007).Relations between syntactic encoding and co-speech gestures: Implications for a model of speech and gesture production.Language and Cognitive Processes, 221(8), 1212–1236.
Papafragou, A., Massey, C., & Gleitman, L. (2002). Shake, rattle, ‘n’ roll: The representations of motion in language and cognition. Cognition, 841, 189–219.
Pourcel, S. (2005). Relativism in the linguistic representation and cognitive conceptualisation of motion events across verb-framed and satellite-framed languages (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Durham, United Kingdom.
Robinson, P., & Ellis, N.C. (2008). Conclusions: Cognitive linguistics, second language acquisition and L2 instruction – Issues for research. In P. Robinson & N.C. Ellis (Eds.), Handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition (pp. 489–546). New York: Routledge.
Slobin, D.I. (1996a). From ‘thought and language’ to ‘thinking for speaking’. In J. Gumperz & S.C. Levinson (Eds.), Rethinking linguistic relativity (pp. 195–217). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. (1996b). Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish. In M. Shibatani & S.A. Thompson (Eds.), Essays in semantics (pp. 195–317). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
. (2003). Language and thought online: Cognitive consequences of linguistic relativity. In D. Gentner & S. Goldin-Meadow (Eds), Language in mind: Advances in the investigation of language and thought (pp. 157–191). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Slobin, D.I., & Hoiting, N. (1994). Reference to movement in spoken and signed languages: Typological considerations.
Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
, 201, 487–505.
Stam, G. (2006). Thinking for speaking about motion: L1 and L2 speech and gesture. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 441, 143–169.
. (2010). Can an L2 Speaker´s Patterns of Thinking for Speaking change? In Z. Han & T. Cadierno (Eds.), Linguistic relativity in second language acquisition (pp. 59–83). Bristol / Buffalo / Toronto: Multilingual Matters.
Strömqvist, S., & Verhoeven, L. (Eds.). (2004). Relating events in narrative: typological and contextual perspectives. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Talmy, L. (1985). Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language typology and lexical descriptions: Vol. 3. Grammatical categories and the lexicon (pp. 36–149). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
Alonso Alonso, Rosa & Paula Cifuentes-Férez
Feist, Michele I. & Paula Cifuentes-Férez
Molés-Cases, Teresa & Rosa Alonso
Shen, Lin
2025. Thinking-for-translating of manner beyond the motion domain. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
