In:Anthropological Linguistics: Perspectives from Africa
Edited by Andrea Hollington, Alice Mitchell and Nico Nassenstein
[Culture and Language Use 23] 2024
► pp. 479–485
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Published online: 1 February 2024
https://doi.org/10.1075/clu.23.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/clu.23.index
A
- abdominocentrism354
- academia20
- Acholi 15, 203, 204, 208, 210–216
- act(ivity) of speaking84
- affect 334–335
- affection 355, 360
- affective stance358
- affinal kin 236, 243–244
- affinity223
- African linguistics 3, 12, 20
- African philosophy 4, 9, 137, 140–141, 179
- Afrikanistik 4, 87, 206
- Afro-Asiatic/Afroasiatic 87, 94, 127, 106, 112, 120, 127, 396
- agency 21, 41–42, 207, 346
- Akan 12, 38–39, 138, 140–141, 144, 153, 155, 170, 172, 255, 257, 270, 280, 303, 398
- aklama 152, 154–155, 167–168, 170
- allegory182
- America 3, 5, 15, 18, 20, 30, 207, 214
- Amharic 39, 91, 104–105, 111, 113, 116, 119, 121, 124
- ancestor 38, 43, 118, 156–157, 183, 224–225, 255, 338
- ancestral land 119, 127, 157, 225
- anchor 50–51, 65, 68, 70, 73–74, 76, 79
- Ancient Greek 341, 424
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan261
- animal imagery 183–184
- Anna Wierzbicka 142, 172
- anthropology
4–5, 30, 40, 137, 207, 223, 227, 401, 456, 474
- cognitive10
- linguistic 2, 11, 19, 21–22, 206, 459
- philosophical178
- social/cultural 20, 224
- anthropological linguistics 4, 7–8, 10, 16, 18, 20–21, 30, 101, 178, 207, 302, 334, 347, 395, 454
- anthroponym 13, 253–254
- anti-honorific(s)240
- applicative61
- Arabic 16, 88, 91, 124, 228, 229, 246, 249, 253–254, 257, 261, 273, 307, 342, 456
- Arabicization 253, 261, 296
- Arabization 257, 260, 262, 274
- Atlantic(-Congo) 87, 94, 307, 394
- ATR 228, 280
- attraction462
- audience 20, 40, 188, 209, 455, 458, 460, 462
- augmentative 17, 357, 360–361
- Australia 9, 11, 394, 396, 401
- Australian language(s) 17, 97, 142–143, 353, 358
- autonym 119–120
- avoidance (vocabulary/register/strategy) 2, 18, 97–98, 402, 414, 431
- avoidance-based politeness 428, 438–439
- avunculate 234–235
- awareness
20, 22, 41, 139, 208, 211, 216, 218, 342
- metapragmatic205
- Azande (Pazande language) 17–18, 41–42, 46, 425–426, 432
B
- Baïnounk Gubëeher 394, 396, 399, 407, 409, 411
- Bantu (languages) 16, 38, 54, 57, 92, 180, 182, 193, 203–204, 213, 216, 219, 331–332, 336, 340, 342, 353–354, 357, 361, 396
- Bantu kingdoms204
- baobab tree 68, 78
- Basic Color Terms (BCT) 1, 6–7, 306–307, 309, 313–314, 317, 323, 347, 352
- beauty 214, 218, 321
- beneficiary 60–61, 165
- Benjamin Lee Whorf5
- Benue-Congo 91, 255
- bewitchment321
- Bible 104, 111, 271, 280
- bilingualism309
- birth name 16, 253–254, 258
- birth-order name 266–267, 269, 273
- bleaching326
- body part 8, 14, 17, 19, 62, 86, 90, 92, 94, 99, 101, 137, 151, 153, 160, 336, 347, 354, 356
- body part terms 55, 57, 62, 85, 357
- Bongo Flava196
- bridewealth 378, 384, 390
- Bronislaw Malinowski 10, 224
- brother 227, 229, 234, 239, 243, 382, 439
C
- Cape Verdean395
- cardinal direction 14, 32, 50, 65–66, 68, 74, 78
- cardiocentrism354
- carrying 16, 373, 387, 390, 442
- Casamance 399–400, 402, 409, 414, 417
- cattle 7, 16, 44, 124, 128, 368, 370, 372, 374, 378, 383
- cattle clock 42–43, 45
- cattle color terms 10, 328
- causal conjunction408
- causality 30, 32, 40–41, 43–44
- Central African Republic 17, 425
- Central Sudanic 15, 87, 94, 203
- ceremony 44–45, 67, 186, 236, 321, 380, 382, 386, 442
- Chadic 84, 88, 91, 112, 127
- Chidigo 351–352, 333, 346, 351
- child-parent interaction425
- Chinese 34, 86, 325
- Christianity 138, 156, 159, 254, 281
- civil war 229, 233, 245, 262
- civilization186
- clan
16, 43, 97, 123, 126, 215, 224, 229, 232, 234, 237, 248, 386, 438, 444
- name 121, 233, 235, 254
- maternal (matriclan) 16, 225, 231
- paternal (patriclan) 225, 231–232
- co-wife 240, 245
- code 19, 83, 207
- codeswitching 19, 303, 414
- cognitive anthropology 6, 31
- Cognitive Anthropology Research Group31
- cognitive linguistics 6, 8, 10–11, 30, 184
- cognitive scenario342
- colonial policy204
- colonialism 10, 20, 84, 141, 186, 206
- (de)coloniality22
- color (terms) 1, 6–7, 10, 16, 19, 214, 307, 309, 323, 308, 310–311, 315, 321, 324, 336, 348, 352, 357
- color lexicon 16, 309, 328, 336
- color of purity318
- colorism 214–215, 218, 314
- coming-of-age rituals15
- commemoration333
- communicative competence19
- communicative style85
- compassion 358–359
- complexion 125, 213–214, 218, 314, 317
- conceptualization
1, 8, 11, 13, 15, 38, 43, 98, 101, 137, 139, 141, 156, 178, 183–184, 194, 198, 321, 327, 340, 344, 347, 466
- cultural 1, 85, 195, 198
- semantic138
- consanguinity 224, 237
- consciousness 141, 354
- consubstantiality226
- contempt360
- conventionalization35
- convergence 12, 171, 396, 398–399
- conversation
17, 32, 34, 41, 46, 96, 181, 258, 282, 296, 299, 309, 344, 442, 457
- analysis (CA) 17, 453–454, 457
- conviviality 15, 177–178, 181–182, 184, 186–187, 192, 197, 201
- coordinate system93
- core emotion 17, 336, 338–339, 361
- corpus 18, 97, 308, 369, 412
- Covid-19 205, 426
- creole 88, 399–400, 412
- critical discourse analysis21
- cultural knowledge 5–6, 8, 10, 16, 178–179, 184, 186, 192, 198, 350
- cultural linguistics 2, 11
- cultural practice 22, 283
- cultural variation 39, 83
- cultural-cognitive linguistics11
- culture 1, 3, 6, 8, 13, 17, 31, 39, 137, 139, 179, 185, 219, 249, 254, 258, 260, 261, 272, 306, 328, 331, 337, 344, 368, 370, 385, 412
- Cushitic 106, 108, 114, 119, 127
- customary marriage (ceremony)296
- cutting (practices) 368, 380, 388
D
- DR Congo 17, 426
- Dalabon358
- Datooga 83–84, 87, 96, 99–100
- Datooga Bible Translation Project96
- day-of-the-week name257
- death 21, 46, 147, 157, 245, 269, 439, 442–443, 445
- decolonization 20, 217
- deep relativity34
- deictic center 52, 62
- Dell Hymes 8–9, 11, 19, 207
- derogatory names 104, 123–124
- descent 209, 224, 225, 227, 232, 234, 255
- dialogical perspective21
- dictionary 84, 86, 88, 100, 105, 162, 370
- Diedrich Hermann Westermann4
- differentiation 10, 15, 208–209, 229, 226, 237, 241, 346, 355
- digital ethnography204
- diminutive 159, 178, 266, 268, 280, 303, 357–358
- Diola326
- direction 14, 20, 32–33, 36, 62, 66, 68, 77, 87, 98, 163, 205, 218, 240, 244, 259, 263, 388
- discipline 1, 4–5, 20–21, 206, 223, 454, 457
- discourse
2, 5, 9, 12, 18, 21, 93, 101, 126, 140–141, 203, 217, 313, 326, 333, 336, 378, 394, 396, 399, 407–408, 412, 416
- feature 398, 401, 417
- pattern13
- practice418
- metalinguistic 16, 111, 345
- structure 17, 394, 401, 415
- discrimination 212, 214–215
- disobedience442
- diversity 3, 13–14, 30–31, 33–34, 37, 39–40, 42, 51, 141, 204, 212, 215, 219, 226, 237
- double-descent group 225, 232, 234
- downward politeness 431, 435
- dress code349
- Dwang 16, 278–279, 281, 283
E
- Eastern Sudanic 266–267
- ecological calendar45
- ecological knowledge278
- economics 30, 40, 45
- education 126, 186, 198, 245, 248, 254, 257, 262–263, 273–274, 414
- Edward Even Evans-Pritchard 10, 41–42, 224, 426, 432
- Edward Sapir 5–6
- egocentric 51, 224–225
- electric shock 299, 301, 304
- elicited storytelling459
- elliptic repair initiation 455, 463, 466–467, 469, 471
- Emanuel Schegloff17
- emic perspective 15, 21
- emotion 8, 11, 17, 154, 331, 333–334, 337, 339, 341, 347–348, 352–353, 358, 361, 439, 461, 474
- emotional state 338, 340, 358, 361, 466
- endangerment 2, 21
- endonym 104, 123, 128
- envy 345–346, 351, 355–356
- epistemology 22, 177–178, 180, 182, 184, 198
- epuna288
- ergative53
- essentialization215
- Ethiopia 39, 93, 121–122, 125, 128, 260, 342, 439
- ethnic group 66, 91–92, 101, 104, 108–109, 115, 117–118, 120–121, 125, 128, 202, 228, 230–231, 234, 241, 245, 326, 425
- ethnocentricity7
- ethnicization204
- ethnobiology 10–11, 16, 278
- ethnographic method 8, 12, 15, 20, 333, 457
- ethnography2
- of communication 1, 8, 10–11
- of speaking 22, 207, 457
- (-ic) authority20
- linguistic 11, 22
- ethnolinguistic group 104, 118–119, 121, 123, 125–126
- ethnomethodology457
- ethnonym 106–107, 109, 112, 114, 117, 119, 125, 127
- ethnopoetics 12, 21
- ethnopsychology 136, 138, 142–143, 154, 170
- ethnosemantic classification19
- ethnosyntax197
- Eurocentric/Eurocentrism
206, 219, 351
- bias86
- evaluative morphology 17, 357
- event 8, 18, 33, 41, 43, 46, 118, 163, 205, 210–211, 350, 376, 383, 396, 405, 412, 430
- evolutionary reason 315, 353
- evolutionist framework224
- Ewe 7, 14, 33, 35, 39, 89, 136–137, 139, 143, 146, 153, 155, 157, 167, 171
- exclusion22
- exonym 104, 120, 123, 128
F
- fabrics348
- face 62, 69, 74, 78, 344, 345, 355, 362, 428–431, 435, 439–440, 448
- faki 272–273
- feeling 123, 142, 153–154, 166, 205, 214, 236, 331, 334, 340
- field research 44, 46, 219
- fieldtrip 258, 333, 398
- figurative 18, 181–183, 190, 353, 356
- figure 69–70, 73, 79, 153, 224, 235, 270
- fish 16, 124, 278–278, 281–282, 289–291
- fishing practice 16, 279
- focus marking 52, 398
- folk model (of language) 85, 101, 105
- food taboo 232, 428, 442–446
- fractal recursivity209
- frame of reference (FoR) 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38, 44, 50, 65, 68–69, 72, 77–79
- Franz Boas 5, 207
- French 33, 35, 39, 87, 89, 92, 142, 307, 312, 322, 328, 414, 415, 418, 432–434
- French origin 414–415
- friendship 187, 341
- FTA428
- funeral 168, 246, 337, 349
- funerary song337
- Future Time Reference (FTR) 30, 32–33, 38–39
G
- Gawwada 115, 122
- gbia 434, 438
- Ge’ez 105, 111, 127
- gender 12, 226, 237–239, 241, 255, 369, 382, 446
- generation 15, 38, 43, 44, 128, 216, 236, 238, 241, 265, 373, 474
- genitive construction106
- genre 15, 92, 101, 179, 397, 402, 417, 458, 473
- Gerrit J. Dimmendaal313
- gesture 17, 190, 336, 350, 362, 455, 461, 466
- Ghana 16, 137, 255, 279–280, 282
- glottonym 14, 104, 105, 108, 111–113, 116–119, 126–127
- gossip 344, 356, 402
- grammaticalization 59, 354, 411
- grandparents248
- ground 49–50, 58, 64–65, 68–75, 78–79
- group face 344, 362
- Gunter Senft9
H
- hadithi456
- Hai//om32
- Hamitic hypothesis206
- happiness/joy 339–340
- harvest 31, 45, 189, 278, 284, 286, 380, 383, 386
- Hausa 35, 39, 84, 112, 142
- Hawaiian226
- headband246
- herding378
- heteroglossia83
- hide (of animal)327
- hierarchy 6, 139, 155, 309, 414, 433
- historical context 4, 12, 205
- Hlonipha439
- homogeneism206
- honorific(s) 18, 429
- hospitality344
- humanity 178–180, 183, 186, 192, 194–195, 198, 207
I
- identity 19, 92, 106, 117, 122, 189, 203–205, 210–211, 217–218, 254, 402, 413, 456, 470, 474
- ideophones 370, 455, 464, 466
- IDP262
- Ihanzu92
- impoliteness 427, 440
- in-law 97, 185, 187, 190–191, 243–244, 439, 446–447
- inalienability195
- index(icality) 205, 207, 209, 212, 213, 215, 218, 254
- indigenous knowledge 16, 278
- individual face344
- inequality22
- information structure 69, 194
- inheritance law227
- initiation (camp) 428, 444
- instructor 186–189
- instrumental 44, 53, 57, 369, 454
- intensifier310
- interdisciplinary exchange 13, 20
- Internet meme307
- IPA 228, 256
- Iroquois226
- isiZulu 39, 95, 353
- Islam 16, 106, 232, 234, 245, 249, 254, 258, 261–262, 269
- Islamization 253, 257, 262, 269, 273–274
- itive 368, 369, 378
J
- jealousy 339, 345–347, 352, 356
- Johann Gottfried Herder5
- Johann Gottlieb Christaller4
- Joseph Greenberg9
- justice (/injustice) 22, 425, 435
K
- Katla 52, 229–230, 241, 266–267
- kaya 334, 338, 348–349
- Kenya 17, 124, 255, 332, 371, 453, 471
- kese 16, 278, 279, 283, 284, 285, 289, 295, 303
- Khoe-Kwadi87
- Khoekhoekowab 35–37
- kin terms 223–224, 226–228, 236, 237, 243
- King Jaburi I/II 258, 260, 262, 269
- kinship 10, 16, 19, 38, 223–228
- kinship terms 11, 224, 226, 243
- knowledge 4, 36, 45, 49, 88, 96, 140, 142, 169, 171, 178–180, 184–185, 191–192, 198, 206, 248, 278, 350, 401, 470
- knowledge production 4, 179, 180, 186, 202
- koma 125, 338
- Kordofanian 226, 229
- Kriolu 395, 399–400, 403, 408–409, 411, 415–416
- Kwa144
- Kwalib 256, 266–268
L
- landmark 14, 65, 67, 78
- language concept 19, 83–86, 127
- language ecology398
- language ideologies 13, 15, 22, 208, 101, 205–208, 213
- language practice 19, 184, 197
- language socialization 356, 361, 456
- language structure/linguistic structure 15, 19, 205, 207, 266, 412
- language-culture nexus 9, 412
- languages of sentiment336
- left/right50
- lexicalization pattern 11, 16, 368
- lexicography385
- lexicon 16, 33, 40, 223, 309, 328, 336, 339, 399, 417
- lies447
- lineage 43, 224
- lingua franca 228, 249, 263, 306–307, 414
- lingua(-)culture 3, 15, 21–22, 136, 138, 144, 171, 339, 354
- linguistic analysis 3, 11, 15, 206, 328, 331
- linguistic anthropology 11, 19–22, 206, 459
- linguistic competence19
- linguistic innovation194
- linguistic relativity 1, 5–6, 8, 10
- liver 354–355
- location 57, 59–60, 77, 119–120, 332, 339, 373
- locative marker 56, 62, 65, 73, 77, 237
- locative prefix 49, 51–52, 54–55
- Lomongo353
- Lord’s Resistance Army211
- loudness (of speech)338
- Luganda 39, 210, 213
- Lugbara 15, 203, 212, 219
M
- Mahdiyya 261, 263
- Mande 84, 87, 91, 395–396
- Mandinka 395, 399–400, 408, 417
- marriage 186, 192, 197, 225, 228, 237, 243, 246, 255, 295, 378, 384–385, 390, 401
- Mary Bucholtz19
- maternal uncle 234, 239–240, 243, 248
- matriarchy234
- matriclan 225, 232
- meaning-making 7–8, 101, 184, 205
- media 15, 20, 263, 454–455, 459, 461, 463, 470, 472, 474
- medicine (man) 163, 279, 289, 299–300
- Melanesian Sex Type/Relative Sex Type227
- membership 15, 208, 224–225, 231–232
- metaphor
11, 85, 110, 183–184, 192
- conceptual8
- methodology 2, 7, 17, 454, 457
- metonym 14, 105, 116, 127
- metonymic (metonymy)
92, 98, 101, 104, 106, 111–112, 158, 161, 380–381
- chain 83, 85–86
- process 85, 98
- Michael Silverstein207
- middle voice 193–194
- Midzichenda/Mijikenda 331–332, 337, 340, 346, 348, 357, 361–363
- migration 124, 262, 275, 373
- mimics469
- “Minimal Ewe”143
- missionary work 4, 262, 332
- missionization10
- mixed linkage 402, 409–410, 417
- mobility 16, 322, 368, 370, 372, 390, 401
- monosemous 88, 90–91
- morality 178, 181, 186, 192
- motion 11, 16, 57, 60, 308, 367–368, 371, 374, 376, 390
- moving ego33
- moving time33
- Muchope 212–213, 215, 218
- multilingualism 398, 417
- multimodal analysis 12, 338
- multiverb construction281
- Munsell color chips/chart/system 7, 309, 313
- mutuality 15, 194, 196–197
- myth of origin224
N
- Nairobi 464, 470
- naming system 253, 255, 257, 261, 263, 266, 269, 271, 273, 274
- narrative 205, 368, 395–396
- narrative genre 400, 454, 456, 458, 474
- narrative template 395, 398, 417
- Natural Semantic Metalanguage 84, 137, 142, 357
- neo-Whorfian 31–32
- new direction21
- Nigeria 39, 91, 255, 299
- Nilotic 15, 65, 85, 87, 94, 96, 99–100, 125, 203, 213, 354, 367, 371
- nomenclature 124, 127, 307
- non-angular specification56
- non-order name 253, 255, 257–258
- non-verbal communication 17, 357, 440
- normative behavior181
- North American language(s) 15, 22
- Northernness 15, 202, 204–205, 210–211, 213, 215–216, 218–219
- noun class 17, 193, 357–358, 361
- noun class prefix 213, 266–267, 359–360, 407
- noun class system 49, 77, 112, 228, 281, 414
- Nuba Mountains 15–16, 52, 66, 68, 78, 223, 228, 230, 240, 248, 253–254, 256, 261, 263, 269
- Nuer 41, 43, 45, 109, 113, 115, 117, 167
- Nyajulot380
O
- object-centered 50, 69
- Oceania9
- Omotic 94, 104, 106, 108, 114, 117, 122, 126
- onomastics 12, 253
- oracle 428, 445–446
- oral history (/tradition) 258–259, 262
- oral literature 4, 9, 397, 456
- Oromo 39, 105, 108, 110, 116, 119, 125, 127
- orthography 96, 228, 280, 332, 411
- Otherness 15, 202, 205, 208–209, 213, 215–216
P
- past events 33, 463
- pastoralist (societies) 7, 16, 44, 127, 327, 367, 378, 390
- path of motion 371, 377
- patriclan 225, 232
- patrilocal rule225
- Paul V. Kroskrity 19, 208
- Pear Story 396–397, 417
- pejorative (connotation) 126, 358
- perception 11, 16, 97–98, 210, 306, 308, 315, 321, 328, 456
- personhood 14, 136, 138, 140, 143, 155, 178, 439
- perspective
2, 6, 9, 12, 17, 21, 32, 34, 39, 68, 137, 140, 172, 193, 211, 224, 255, 306
- dialogical21
- emic 15, 21
- etic (concepts)430
- Indigenous16
- philosophy 4–5, 9, 41, 137–138, 140–141, 178–179, 187, 223
- physical attribute 291, 303
- place name/toponym 12, 54, 56–57, 116, 118–119, 126
- plant 16, 19, 45, 68, 191, 224, 278, 283, 303, 313, 321, 389
- plurality of relations 194–195
- poetic(s) 182, 464
- poison 16, 167, 169, 278, 283, 289, 303, 434
- politeness
2, 18, 180, 342, 344, 425–426, 429, 432, 434, 438, 440, 448
- positive 18, 344, 431, 434
- negative 434, 438–439
- theory 428–429
- politeness-taboo continuum439
- political discourse 2, 12
- polygamy245
- polyonymous name120
- polysemantic morpheme194
- polysemy 84–85, 87–88, 92–93, 95–96, 101, 142, 161
- positionality 2, 208, 210
- possession 142, 160, 195, 240, 345, 438
- postcolonial linguistics21
- postcolonial period 10, 217
- postmarital residence 225, 244
- Praat 403–404
- pragmatics 2, 11, 17, 21, 206, 394, 429
- pre-Islamic232
- preposition 51, 57, 59, 60, 63, 75, 77
- priest 163, 281
- privilege 4, 22, 399
- proverb 10, 12, 15, 38, 138, 144, 171, 178, 180–181, 183, 185, 187, 190, 192, 198, 356, 400, 427, 445–446, 449, 456
- proximity 195, 256, 267
- psychology 9, 20, 30, 40, 45, 137, 141, 218
- public debate307
Q
- quantitative approaches13
- questionnaire51
R
- Rabai (Chiraphai) 17, 331–332, 337, 339, 342–343, 345, 347, 355, 361
- race 22, 92, 218, 308
- raciolinguistics22
- racist 84, 204, 206–207, 212, 314
- rank 255–256, 266
- recapitulative linkage 396, 405
- reciprocity 180, 188, 193, 195, 197–198
- register
1, 83, 97–98, 307, 413–414
- special10
- religion 4, 16, 137–138, 141, 180, 249, 254, 262, 273, 399, 414, 441
- religious ideology 257, 273
- repertoire 19, 35, 39–40, 44, 83, 137, 174, 322, 397, 401, 415
- research tradition 9, 458
- rhetoric structure 394, 398
- rhetorical communication 12, 182
- ritual (context) 10, 15–16, 42, 120, 157, 162, 177, 186, 189, 192, 236, 246, 255, 384
- Ruruuli-Lunyala215
S
- Sabaki333
- sacrifice 368, 370, 379, 381, 383, 448
- Sameness 202, 205, 208, 217, 219
- satellite 367, 372, 376
- secondary color 307, 310, 313, 321, 323, 328
- self 137, 139–140, 206, 254, 468
- self-reflection 20, 144
- semantic change142
- semantic role60
- semiotic process 207, 209
- Semitic 106, 113, 127, 342
- Sene River 280–281, 283
- sensing154
- sensory image464
- sexuality 186, 188, 344, 427, 446
- shades (of color) 16, 306, 312, 316, 323, 325–326
- shame 189, 331, 336, 339, 344, 352, 356, 362, 446–447, 448
- shatter zone (refuge zone)401
- sibling 226–227, 239, 241, 245, 248, 254–255
- Sidaama 106–107, 110, 116–117, 122, 127
- silence 18, 438, 440
- sister 227, 234–235, 239, 241, 243, 245, 263
- slaughtering 236, 383–384
- slavery124
- small stories 15, 204–205, 220
- social context 2, 336
- social hierarchy(/ies) 18, 441
- social relations 13–14, 38, 183, 185, 195, 197, 395
- social stratification431
- sociality 14, 136
- sociocentric structure 15, 224
- sociolinguistics 2, 8–9, 11, 21–22, 206
- solidarity 346, 427, 437–438, 448
- somatic marker334
- source 13, 53–54, 57–58, 60, 64, 73, 83, 85, 91, 101, 121, 162, 303, 355, 372
- source concept 93, 98, 101
- South Sudan 203, 228, 367, 370, 426
- Southern Theory21
- space 11, 13, 31, 37, 41, 44, 50, 97, 230, 254, 458
- spatial thinking49
- speaker’s perspective 51, 74–75, 78, 347
- speech act 2, 68, 73–74, 76, 182
- speech community 115, 313
- speech organ 83, 86, 91, 99, 101
- speech style 2, 18, 338, 400, 413
- speed 371–372, 375, 390, 447
- spirit 10, 104, 142, 152, 154, 156, 157–158, 162, 179, 300–301, 338, 379, 390, 441
- spirit possession10
- spiritual (entity) 12, 14, 137, 152, 155, 171, 224, 254, 334, 348
- Standard German209
- stative verb 60, 317, 324
- Stephen C. Levinson31
- stimulus/stimuli
69, 76–77, 242, 308, 396, 398
- sentences36
- questions37
- storytelling 17, 396, 402, 412, 455–456, 458, 460, 469
- Sub-Sahara(n) Africa 3, 255
- Sudan 15, 49, 52, 78, 121, 223, 228, 255, 258–259, 261, 272, 274, 426, 447
- summary linkage 402–403, 411, 417, 422
- suppletive form 104–105, 115, 117
- SVO280
- Swahili (Kiswahili) 15, 17, 22, 39, 57, 88, 96, 177–178, 180, 182, 184–185, 190, 192, 195, 332–333, 336, 340, 344, 353–354, 356, 362, 453–454, 456–457, 472
- sympathy 339, 342, 346, 358–359
- syntactic dependency281
- syntax 9, 142, 165, 307, 357, 362, 399, 401, 412
T
- taboo
10, 157, 181, 187–188, 232, 278, 281, 337, 425, 428, 439
- verbal 18, 338, 441
- Tagoi 16, 253–254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 269, 273
- tail-head linkage (THL) 18, 394, 396, 403, 413, 417
- talk-in-interaction454
- taxonomy(/ies) 19, 279
- Tegali kingdom 254, 261, 269
- television 17, 453
- term of address 18, 238–239, 244, 433
- theory 1, 5–6, 31, 101, 111, 180, 207, 224, 308–309, 352, 428
- third-party face345
- thought 41, 49, 137, 140–141, 156–157, 161, 172, 315
- Tima 13, 15, 49, 51, 56–57, 62, 65, 67, 74, 223–224, 227, 230, 232, 266
- time 11, 13, 30–31, 33, 38, 39, 41, 43, 46, 89, 160
- time concepts 13, 30, 42–43
- time-reckoning 43–44
- Tok Pisin 194–185
- tone 244, 267, 280–281, 360, 427
- topology 49, 51, 54, 77, 79
- toponymy 49, 54, 56, 78
- Toposa 16–17, 367–368, 370, 373, 379, 384
- totem animal 215, 224, 443–444
- tradition 2, 9, 11–12, 19–20, 67, 95, 118, 120, 122, 141, 154, 161, 190, 207, 223, 232, 235, 237, 245, 246, 248, 254, 259, 262, 271, 298, 318, 328, 402, 454, 456–457, 464, 473
- translanguaging
11, 83
- languaging19
- translingual (communication)19
- transmission of knowledge 185, 187, 402
- tribalism 217–218
- Turkish 35–36, 59
- turn-taking 402, 459
U
- Ubangian 17, 338
- ubuntu180
- Uganda 15, 202–203, 205, 216, 425, 467
- universalist approach 7, 141, 308–309
- unyago 15, 177–178, 180, 183, 187, 191
- Upper Guinea (Coast) language(s) 394–395, 397, 403
- Urban Wolof 307, 414, 418
- urbanization 253–254, 257, 263, 273–274
- utu 15, 177–178, 181, 184, 187
V
- ventive 52, 62, 64, 75–76, 79
- verbal art 10, 12, 195
- verbal extension 194, 368–369
- voice 18, 40, 89–90, 92, 94, 100, 105, 114, 127, 161, 362, 426, 431, 438
W
- walking/running activities 370, 372, 375, 377
- Waswahili community/society 178, 186, 188
- way of speaking 8, 31, 40, 84
- WEIRD people 30, 37
- wellbeing351
- West Nile203
- Western bias20
- Western Nilotic 15, 100, 203, 367
- Wilhelm von Humboldt5
- William A. Foley 1, 7, 9, 137, 302
- witchcraft 42, 46, 319, 337, 348, 441–442
- witness 453, 457, 459, 463, 470
- Wolof 11, 16, 39, 91, 183, 306–307, 310, 312, 318, 323, 335, 400, 414, 418, 424
- word order 367, 404
- words for ‘language’ 3, 14, 85, 87, 90, 93–94, 100, 118
- World Loanword Database87
- worldview 5, 45, 136–137, 140, 181
Y
- Yoruba 39, 138, 226, 254
- youth language2
Z
- Zande (Pazande) 17, 41, 44, 336, 425, 428, 430
- Zande aristocracy 425, 434
- Zulu 39, 86–87, 95, 353
- Zuni21
