In:Metaphor and National Identity: Alternative conceptualization of the Treaty of Trianon
Orsolya Putz
[Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts 11] 2019
► pp. vii–xvi
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Published online: 12 December 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/clscc.11.toc
https://doi.org/10.1075/clscc.11.toc
Table of contents
Acknowledgementsxvii
Chapter 1.Introduction1
1.The Peace Treaty of Trianon1
2.The aim of the research2
3.Scope of the research3
4.Research questions4
5.Hypotheses4
6.Corpus5
7.Outline7
8.The theoretical background of the research8
8.1Language, culture, and cognition8
8.2Conceptual system11
8.3Mental space, frame, idealized cognitive model (ICM), cognitive model, cultural model, image schema12
8.4Conceptual category14
8.5Conceptual metonymy16
8.6Conceptual metaphor18
8.6.1The elements of conceptual metaphor18
8.6.2Discourse metaphors20
8.6.3The motivation of metaphor production22
8.6.4Metaphor evolution23
8.7Force dynamics25
8.8Construal operations26
9.Methodology26
9.1Metaphor identification procedures26
9.1.1The method of traditional CMT26
9.1.2Metaphor identification procedure (MIP)27
9.1.3Metaphor identification procedure of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (MIP VU)28
9.1.4Discourse metaphor analysis28
9.1.5The discourse dynamic approach of metaphors and the metaphor-centered discourse analysis28
9.1.6Cognitive discourse analysis29
9.2Mixed method: A two-level metaphor analysis29
10.Notes31
Chapter 2.The agreement frame33
1.The nation, country, and the state frames33
2.The Peace Treaty of Trianon as an event and as a status34
3.The Peace Treaty of Trianon as a non-prototypical agreement and as a dictate36
4.The Peace Treaty of Trianon as a complex event38
4.1The sequential scanning of the Peace Treaty of Trianon38
4.2The summary scanning of the Trianon peace treaty40
4.3The Trianon peace treaty as a sub-event of a sequence of causes and effects42
5.Conceptual metonymies of the concepts of Peace Treaty of Trianon and Trianon43
5.1The decision made in Trianon as a source concept44
5.1.1A sub-event of agreement for agreement → a sub-event of the complex event for the complex event → part for whole metonymy44
5.2The peace treaty of Trianon as a source concept44
5.2.1Agreement making for the dominant party of the agreement → the event for one of the participants of the event → whole for part metonymy44
5.2.2The document ratifying the agreement for the agreement → a physical object for an event → part for whole metonymy45
5.3Trianon as a source concept45
5.3.1The place where the peace treaty was ratified for the time of ratification → the place of the salient event of the complex event for the time of the complex event → part for part metonymy45
5.3.2The place where the agreement was ratified for the agreement making → the place of the complex event’s salient event for the complex event → part for whole metonymy46
5.3.3The place where the agreement was ratified for the dominant party of agreement making → the place of the complex event’s salient event for the dominant party of the complex event → part for part metonymy47
5.3.4The place where the agreement was ratified for the knowledge about the agreement → the place of the complex event’s salient event For the knowledge about the complex event → part for whole metonymy48
5.4The scope of the source concepts of Peace Treaty of Trianon and Trianon49
5.5The relation of the terms of Peace Treaty of Trianon and Trianon52
5.5.1Adjective phrases52
5.5.2Possessive noun phrase54
5.5.3Compounds55
6.Conceptual metaphors of the Peace Treaty of Trianon and Trianon56
6.1Trianon as a value of a category role57
6.2Trianon as an input space58
6.3Trianon and the peace treaty as agents58
6.3.1Trianon and the peace treaty as persons who cause harm58
6.3.2Trianon and the peace treaty are means of disintegrating an object60
6.4Trianon as a substance61
6.4.1Trianon is a substance in the mind62
6.4.2Trianon is substance in the soul62
6.5Trianon is mental and emotional illness63
7.Metaphors and metonymies of Trianon64
8.Summary66
Chapter 3.The conceptualization of the consequences of the Peace Treaty of Trianon67
1.The conceptualization of the direct and indirect consequences of the Peace Treaty of Trianon67
2.Conceptualization of the territorial changes68
2.1Change of the status of the possessed object (country, territory)69
2.1.1Reducing a (country’s) territory is disintegrating an object/body70
2.1.2Reducing a (country’s) territory is reducing the size of an object76
2.1.3Reducing a (country’s) territory is changing an object’s spatial position77
2.1.4Profiling the agent79
2.1.5Backgrounding and foregrounding the degree of the change experienced by the patient82
2.2The change that affects the possessor’s (Hungary, nation, Hungarian Kingdom) status84
2.2.1Reducing a (country’s) territory is acquiring (part of) an object84
2.2.2Foregrounding and backgrounding the agent88
3.The conceptualization of the population changes89
3.1The change affects the original owner (Hungary)90
3.1.1Reducing a country’s population is acquiring part of a possessed object90
3.2The change affects the possessed object (nation)91
3.2.1Reducing the country’s population is disintegrating an object91
3.2.2Reducing a country’s population is moving an object from one container to another94
3.2.3Foregrounding and backgrounding the one who causes change97
3.3The dual event structure model97
4.The conceptualization of the changes affecting the material and cultural resources99
4.1The change affects the possessed object (material and cultural resources)99
4.1.1Reducing the country’s material and cultural resources is disintegrating an object99
4.1.2Reducing the country’s material and cultural resources is moving an object from a container to another100
4.2The change affects the owner (Hungary, nation, Hungarian Kingdom)100
4.2.1Reducing the country’s material and cultural resources is acquiring an object100
5.The conceptualization of the change of the Hungarian nation and Hungarian state categories101
5.1The pre-1920 Hungarian nation and the post-1920 Hungarian nation categories101
5.2The category of Hungarians living in the successor states103
5.3The conceptualization of the relationship of the central and peripheral members of the pre-1920 Hungarian nation category104
5.4The conceptualization of the relationship of the post-1920 Hungarian nation category and the nations of the beneficiary states categories104
5.5The conceptualization of the relationship of the central and peripheral members of the nations of the beneficiary states category104
5.6The conceptualization of the relationship of the central and peripheral members of the post-1920 Hungarian nation category105
5.6.1The nation is substance in a container106
5.6.2The nation is a whole/unity107
5.6.3the nation is a disintegrated object108
5.6.4The nation is a person. Life is a journey109
5.6.5The nation is a family. The relations of the members of the nation are family relations110
5.6.6Mixed metaphors111
5.6.7The main meaning foci of the conceptual metaphors of the relationship of the central and peripheral members of the post-1920 Hungarian nation category112
5.7The conceptualization of the relationship of the central members, of the peripheral members of the post-1920 Hungarian nation category and of the central members of the nations of the beneficiary states category113
5.7.1The agent who causes harm114
5.7.2The nurturant mother114
5.7.3The child who needs to be looked after115
5.7.4The victim115
5.7.5Hiding the agent who causes harm, the suppressor, and the enemy118
5.8The role of perspective in the conceptualization of the relationship of the central and peripheral members of the post-1920 Hungarian nation category and of the central members of the nations of the beneficiary states category118
5.9The pre-1920 and the post-1920 Hungarian state categories119
5.10The conceptualization of the relationship of the categories of pre-1920 and post-1920 Hungarian states and the nations of the beneficiary states category119
5.11The conceptualization of the relations of the states, the nations and the members of the Hungarian nation from synchronic and diachronic perspectives120
5.11.1The relations of the states120
5.11.2The relationship of the Hungarian nation and other nations121
5.11.3The relationship of the members of the Hungarian nation category121
5.11.4Nations of the beneficiary countries123
6.The conceptualization of the change of knowledge about the country and the nation123
6.1The conceptualization of the changes affecting the country’s/nation’s political status123
6.1.1The nation/the country is a person124
6.1.2The nation is an integral object129
6.2The conceptualization of the change affecting the mental and emotional state of the nation134
6.2.1Emotional self134
6.2.2The rational self138
6.2.3The relation of the rational self and the emotional self141
7.Summary142
7.1The peace treaty of Trianon and its consequences/effects142
7.2The conceptualization of the change affecting Hungary/the Hungarian nation142
7.3The value system entranced in the metaphors145
7.4The conceptualization of the agent and the patient of the change145
Chapter 4.The contextual factors that motivate the conceptual processes that are at work during the conceptualization of the peace treaty and its consequences147
1.Bodily experiences147
1.1Experiences about the objects and their interaction148
1.1.1The structure of the object148
1.1.2The extension of the object148
1.1.3The spatial location of objects in respect to one other148
1.1.4The force that affects an object148
1.2Experiences about persons148
1.2.1Experiences about persons in a society148
1.2.2Experiences about persons determined by their body149
1.2.3Experience about a person who has a certain personality150
2.The figurative-cognitive context150
2.1Ideology150
2.1.1Capitalist market economy150
2.1.2National myth154
2.1.3Nationalism158
2.1.4Revisionism159
2.2Expert and lay theories160
3.The conventional conceptual system about Trianon as context161
3.1The Peace Treaty of Trianon as a complex event162
3.2The categorization of the Trianon peace treaty164
3.2.1The dictate category164
3.2.2The injustice category164
3.2.3The day of mourning category166
3.3The conceptualization of the consequences of the Peace Treaty of Trianon166
3.3.1The conceptualization of the territorial and population changes166
3.3.2The conceptualization of the change of the Hungarian state category172
3.3.3The conceptualization of the change of the Hungarian nation category175
3.3.4The conceptualization of the solution of the problem triggered by the Peace Treaty of Trianon180
3.4The comparison of the conceptual system of 1920–1930 and 1990–2015 about the Peace Treaty of Trianon182
4.Summary183
Chapter 5.The alternative conceptualization of the Trianon peace treaty as a problem and its solutions185
1.The alternative conceptualization of the problem185
2.The alternative conceptualization of the solution190
2.1The basis of alternative conceptualization190
2.2Restoring the status quo or a status that is similar to it, which are regarded as solutions to the problem193
2.2.1integrity Icm: increasing a (country’s) territory is making an object integral193
2.2.2size ICM: increasing a country’s territory is increasing the size of an object193
2.2.3possession ICM: increasing a country’s territory is acquiring (part of) an object194
2.2.4spatial arrangement Icm: increasing a country’s territory is changing the spatial
arrangement of an object194
2.3past constructed from the vantage point of the text producers195
2.3.1Increasing the size of the territory regarded as a solution195
2.3.2Increasing the territory of the country regarded not as a solution196
2.4The category of present constructed from the vantage point of the text producers196
2.4.1Increasing the territory of the country regarded as a solution196
2.4.2Increasing the territory of the country regarded not as a solution197
2.5Achieving a new status as the solution of the problem198
2.5.1The territory, population, material and cultural resources of the country were reduced198
2.5.2Change of the self-image of the nation198
2.5.3Change of the relationship of the members of the nation199
2.5.4The change of Hungary’s relationship with other countries202
2.5.5The mental and emotional status of the nation204
2.5.6The peace treaty is unjust205
2.5.7Solutions to all of the problems (2–6) caused by the peace treaty of Trianon: the day of national cohesion category207
3.Summary209
Chapter 6.The alternative conceptualization of June 4215
1.Contested and contesting categories about the Peace Treaty of Trianon as a complex event215
1.1Dictate vs. treaty216
1.2The largest tragedy of Hungarian history vs. not the largest tragedy of Hungarian history218
1.3unjust vs. just222
1.4past vs. future226
2.Contesting and contested categories of June 4228
2.1day of commemoration228
2.2day of mourning230
2.3day of celebration231
2.4Contesting and contested categories about the day of national cohesion231
2.5The conceptual systems of the party that represents the traditional rhetoric about June 4 and the one that represents the new one237
2.5.1The conceptual system of the representatives of the traditional rhetoric237
2.5.2The conceptual system of the representatives of the new rhetoric238
2.5.3Comparison of the conceptual systems of the representatives of the new and that of the traditional rhetoric240
3.Summary243
Chapter 7.The role of Trianon in the construction of Hungarian national identity245
1.National identity construction245
2.The category of we246
3.The category of they249
Chapter 8.Summary251
1.The conceptual system about Trianon251
2.Synchronic varieties: Contested and contesting categories254
3.Diachronic changes: Conceptual evolution254
3.1Contrasting the conceptual system of 1920–30 and 1990–2015254
3.2Mental processes that make the conceptual system survive256
3.3Causes of the survival of the conceptual system257
3.4The evolution of the conceptual system about Trianon between 1990 and 2015258
3.4.1Phase 1 (1990–2010)258
3.4.2Turning point (2010)258
3.4.3Phase 2 (2010–2015)259
4.trianon from the angle of Cognitive Linguistics260
5.Future researches261
References263
Appendix 1.The conceptualization of the Peace Treaty of Trianon and its consequences267
Index271
