In:Language Contact in Africa and the African Diaspora in the Americas: In honor of John V. Singler
Edited by Cecelia Cutler, Zvjezdana Vrzić and Philipp Angermeyer
[Creole Language Library 53] 2017
► pp. 23–48
Population factors, multilingualism and the emergence of grammar
Published online: 12 July 2017
https://doi.org/10.1075/cll.53.02abo
https://doi.org/10.1075/cll.53.02abo
John Singler’s work on substrate influence in the emergence of Atlantic creoles has shown that population factors (i.e., the ethnic distribution of the African founder population) as well as typological (dis)similarities between the languages in contact are crucial for understanding how new language varieties develop. In light of this view, this chapter discusses population factors on the Slave Coast in the 17th and early 18th centuries in order to determine the ethnic distribution of the Africans deported to Suriname and Haiti. Building on newly established socio-historical facts, this chapter further investigates the development of adpositions in Sranan: a case study of the emergence of grammar in multi-ethnic context.
Keywords: population factors, slave coast, adposition, hybrid structures
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Slavery on the Slave Coast: The Kingdom of Allada
- 3.Creole languages and language change
- 4.The recombination of syntactic features: The na-inni code
- 5.Conclusion
Acknowledgements Notes References Appendix
References (56)
Aboh, E. 2006. The role of the syntax-semantics interface in language transfer. In L2 Acquisition and Creole Genesis: Dialogues [Language Acquisition and Language Disorders 42], C. Lefebvre, L. White & C. Jourdan (eds), 221–252. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2009. Competition and selection: That’s all! In Complex Processes in New Languages, E. Aboh & N. Smith (eds), 317–344. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2010. The P-route. In Mapping Spatial PPs: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, G. Cinque & L. Rizzi (eds), 225–260. Oxford: OUP.
. 2014. Pidgin-to-creole cycle: A dead end. Paper presented at the
meeting of the International Research Group: Structure, Emergence and Evolution of Pidgin and Creole Languages
. London, University of Westminster, June 2014.
Aboh, E. & DeGraff, M. 2014. Some notes on nominal phrases in Haitian Creole and in Gungbe: A transatlantic Sprachbund perspective. In The Sociolinguistics of Grammar [Studies in Language Companion Series 154], T. A. Afarli & B. Maehlum (eds), 203–236. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2016. A null theory of creolization based on Universal Grammar. In The Oxford Handbook of Universal Grammar, I. Roberts (ed.). Oxford: OUP.
Aboh, E. & Smith, N. 2009. Simplicity, simplification, complexity and complexification: Where have the interfaces gone? In Complex Processes in New Languages [Creole Language Library 35], E. Aboh & N. Smith (eds), 1–25. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Adande, A. 1984. Togudo-Awute, capitale de l’ancien royaume d’Allada. PhD dissertation, Université de Paris I.
. 2009. Syntactic Developments in Sranan: Creolization as a Gradual Process
. <[URL]>
Bakker, P. 2014. Creolistics: Back to square one? Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 29(1): 177–194.
. 1988. Creole languages and the bioprogram. In Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, Vol. 2, F. Newmeyer (ed.), 268–284. Cambridge: CUP.
. 2008. Bastard Tongues: A Trail-Blazing Linguist Finds Clues to our Common Humanity in the World’s Lowliest Languages. New York NY: Hill and Wang.
Blom E., Polišenská, D. & Weerman, F. 2008. Articles, adjectives and the age of onset: The acquisition of Dutch grammatical gender. Second Language Research 24(3): 297–331.
Bruyn, A. 2003. Grammaticalisation, reanalyse et influence substratique: Quelques cas du Sranan. In Grammaticalisation et reanalyse: Approches de la variation créole et française, Sibylle Kriegel (ed.), 25–47. Paris: CNRS Editions.
. 2009. Language acquisition in creolization (and language change): Some Cartesian-Uniformitarian boundary conditions. Language and Linguistic Compass 3–4: 888–971.
D’Elbée, F. 1671. Journal du voyage du Sieur Delbée. In Relation de ce qui s’est passé, dans les Isles & Terre-ferme de l’Amerique, pendant la derniere guerre avec l’Angleterre, & depuis en execution du Traitté de Breda, Vol. 2, J. de Clodoré (ed.), 347–558. Paris:
Eltis, D. 2011. Africa, slavery, and the slave trade, mid-seventeenth to mid-eighteenth centuries. In The Oxford Handbook of the Atlantic World: 1450–1850, N. Canny & P. Morgan (eds), 271–286. Oxford: OUP.
Kouwenberg, S. 2009. The invisible hand in creole genesis: Reanalysis in the formation of Berbice Dutch. In Complex Processes in New Languages [Creole Language Library 35], E. Aboh & N. Smith (eds), 115–158. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kroch, A. 2001. Syntactic change. In The Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory, M. Baltin & C. Collins (eds), 699–729. Malden: Blackwell.
Kroch, A. & Taylor, A. 1997. Verb movement in Old and Middle English: Dialect variation and language contact. In Parameters of Morphosyntactic Change, A. van Kemenade & N. Vincent (eds), 297–325. Cambridge: CUP.
. 1994. The slave trade in seventeenth-century Allada: A revision. African Economic History 22: 59–92.
. 2011. Africa in the Atlantic World: C. 1760 – C. 1840. In The Oxford Handbook of the Atlantic World: 1450–1850, N. Canny & P. Morgan (eds), 585–601. Oxford: OUP.
Lefebvre, C. 1998. Creole Genesis and the Acquisition of Grammar: The Case of Haitian Creole. Cambridge: CUP.
Meisel, J. 2011. Bilingual language acquisition and theories of diachronic change: Bilingualism as cause and effect of grammatical change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14(2): 121–145.
McWhorter, J. 1998. Identifying the creole prototype: Vindicating a typological. Language 74(4): 788–818.
Mufwene, S.S. 1996. The founder principle in creole genesis. Diachronica 13(1): 83–134.
. 1999. On the language bioprogram hypothesis: Hints from Tazie. In Language Creation and Language Change: Creolization, Diachrony, and Development, M. DeGraff (ed.), 95–127. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Muysken, P. 1988. Are creoles a special type of language? In Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, Vol. 2: Linguistic Theory: Extensions and Implications, F. Newmeyer (ed.), 285–301. Cambridge: CUP.
Paradis, M. 2004. A Neurolinguistics Theory of Bilingualism [Studies in Bilingualism 18]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Pazzi, R. 1979. Introduction à l’histoire de l’aire culturelle Aja-Tado. Lomé: Institut National des Sciences de l’Éducation.
Plag, I. 2008. Creoles as interlanguages: Inflectional morphology. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 23(1): 114–135.
Singler, J. 1996. Theories of creole genesis, sociohistorical considerations, and the evaluation of evidence: The case of Haitian Creole and the Relexification Hypothesis. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 11(2): 185–230.
Smith, N. 1987. The Genesis of the Creole Languages of Surinam. PhD dissertation, University of Amsterdam.
. 2009. Simplification of a complex part of grammar or not? What happened to KiKongo nouns in Saramaccan? In Complex Processes in New Languages [Creole Language Library 35], E. Aboh & N. Smith (eds), 51–73. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Talmy, L. 2000. Toward a Cognitive Semantics, Vol. 1: Concept Structuring Systems. Cambridge MA: The MIT press.
Weerman, F. 2011. Diachronic change: Early versus late acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14(2): 149–151.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
Aboh, Enoch O. & Cécile B. Vigouroux
Van der Walt, Christa
Aboh, Enoch O.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
