方式副词向语气副词的演变

本文以“直接”和“反手”二词为例，探讨了网络环境中副词由表方式向表语气演变的现象。在自媒体和社交媒体话语中，方式副词如“直接”和“反手”经常用于超常性事件的因果链叙事，凸显言者对前后事件关系的主观认识继而表达言者态度和立场。我们认为这类副词虚化的直接机制是主观化——主观认识中事件和方式的超常性成为说话人传递情态立场的落点，同时伴随交互主观化——不仅表达说话人态度，还隐含对受众反应的预期。本文也在微观层面勾画了数字时代算法推动语言用于强化、共建情感和立场从而导致语言形式的功能演变。

This paper takes the words “zhijie” (lit. “directly”) and “fanshou”(lit. “backhand”) as examples to explore the evolution of adverbs from expressing manner to expressing attitude in the new media language. We demonstrate how manner adverbs such as “zhijie” and “fanshou” are used in narratives about the causal chain relation, particularly in the form of stimulus-response, of events featuring unexpectedness or unusualness, highlighting the speaker’s subjective understanding of the relationship between previous and subsequent events. We hold that the direct mechanism for the grammaticalization of such adverbs is subjectification — where the unexpectedness or unusualness of events and manners in subjective cognition serves as the landing point for the speakers to convey their attitude. This process simultaneously involves intersubjectification, which not only expresses the speaker’s attitude but also implicitly anticipates the addressees’ responses. This paper also delineates, at the micro-level, how algorithms in the digital age drive language to be used for reinforcing and co-constructing emotions and attitudes, thereby leading to the functional evolution of linguistic forms.