汉语形容词重叠式的感叹语气观

本文以ABB、A不BB、A里AB、A不CD等汉语形容词重叠格式为对象，提出“感叹语气观”以揭示其核心功能。研究发现，此类重叠格式多用作谓语，常带语气词“的”，主要表达说话人的主观情绪态度，尤以消极情感为主。文中指出，中缀“不”“里”等非单纯句法成分，而是具有感叹功能的语气语素。基于普通话及多个南北方言的语料，本文构建“重叠构形×语气功能×方言分布”的三维分析框架，分析重叠格式的语义极性、构式变异及地域分布，并进一步发现ABA类结构中语气词“呔”“吧”等的广泛使用。研究显示，这些格式不仅构成富有情感表达力的语气化构式，也具备“雪克隆”式的构式扩展机制，对形容词重叠式的功能理解与方言类型学研究具有重要启发意义。

This study focuses on Chinese adjective reduplication patterns such as ABB, A-bu-BB, A-li-AB, and A-bu-CD, and proposes an “exclamatory modal perspective” to reveal their core function. These patterns are typically used as predicates, often followed by the modal particle de, and primarily convey the speaker’s subjective emotional stance, particularly negative affect. The paper argues that medial elements like bu (“not”) and li are not merely syntactic fillers but function as exclamatory modal particles. Drawing on data from both Mandarin and a range of northern and southern dialects, the study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework—“reduplication structure×modal function×dialectal distribution”—to examine the semantic polarity, formal variation, and areal features of these patterns. It further identifies the productive use of modal particles such as tai and ba in the ABA pattern. The findings demonstrate that these forms not only serve as emotion-laden modal constructions but also exhibit snowclone-like expandability, offering new insights into the functional interpretation of adjective reduplication and its relevance to dialectal typology.