对既存并列项的觉察与选择

摘要 本文采用会话分析的研究方法，根据汉语自然会话中“反正”引导的话语出现的序列环境和话轮设计方式，证明“反正”作为一种“表明对既存并列项的察觉和选择”的装置（device）在言谈互动中被广泛使用，其基本功能是，交际者在察觉到前文中显性或者隐性地存在着源自不同交际者话语的两个或数个并列项后，通过“反正”引导的话语表明要在其中做出选择的态度。在此基础上，本文还论证了以往研究中提到的“反正”一语所具有的“对不同意见的坚持”“表示让步”“态度指示”“回归话题”和“总结”等功能都是由上述功能衍生而来的。最后，本文明确了“反正”作为互动行为资源，具有“暗示对比”和“实现对话题的控制”等功能。

This paper presents a Conversation Analysis of the use of fanzheng (anyway) in Chinese conversations. By employing Conversation Analytic methods, the study shows that fanzheng (anyway) is frequently used to express an interactant’s awareness and choice of existing coordinated elements in a conversation. Functionally, fanzheng (anyway) can express interactants’ attitude and choice when they are aware of the explicit or implicit presence of two or more coordinated elements in the utterances of different interactants in the context. Based on previous studies on fanzheng (anyway), this study also shows other conversational functions derived from fanzheng (anyway), such as expressing persistence toward disaffiliation, displaying downgrading disaffiliation, marking an attitude, marking a resumption, and articulating a concluding remark, etc. This study concludes that fanzheng (anyway) serves as an interactional resource in conversation.