负面情感立场标记

本研究基于70小时约30万字的自建湖南吉首方言口语语料库，首先从句法位置、句子功能及韵律特征三个维度归纳句中小品词“呔”的核心句法功能及基本语法意义；然后对7个不同会话场景中句中小品词“呔”的分布进行定量统计，并对相关语料展开会话分析。研究发现，句中小品词“呔”是一个标示说话人抱怨和责备情绪的“负面情感立场标志”。受到高频效应和语言使用者心理认知等因素影响，加之与韵律、句法、会话序列位置、会话参与者交际目标及语境等诸多因素产生互动并衍生出反讽、惊奇和同情等情感立场标示功能，但说话人抱怨和责备的情绪仍然不同程度存在。 基于上述分析，本研究尝试从理论层面对小品词本质作出重新认识，即“小品词的具体义项、话语功能和句法结构以互动方式形成一个紧密联系的整体，且三者均为交互过程中所“浮现之物”，在会话互动过程中又与多种因素产生互动而不断被塑造。小品词作为一种语言资源，同时又为交际参与者提供与同类协作管理、相互评价等工具，以保证会话交互的顺利推进。

Drawing on a corpus of 70 hours of conversation totaling ca. 300000 characters, this article analyzes the the utterance-middle pragmatic particle [tai] 呔 of the Jishou dialect in Hunan province. We focus on its key syntactic functions, basic semantics, and prosodic features, as well as its distributions and interactional behaviors across seven different contexts. The results demonstrate that [tai] 呔 is an overt marker of speakers’ negative affective stance including complaining, criticizing, and sarcasm, but also surprise and sympathy. Based on the results, the present study attempts to reconceptualize “particles” theoretically by integrating the concrete meanings, discourse functions and syntactic structures into conceptual wholes that are shaped continuously by diverse factors in talk-in-interaction.