医患互动研究

医患互动历来被认为是医疗保健与健康传播的核心，近年来逐渐成为人文社科跨学科研究热点。目前国际范围内医患互动研究已经取得了一定的成果，但同时也展现出新的问题和挑战。本文对过去50年间的海内外医患互动研究进行了梳理和回顾，旨在呈现主要研究方法与视角、发展阶段、以及重要发现与成果。文章分别回顾了国外和国内医患互动研究，分析了国内研究尚存在的不足，并基于此对未来研究提出了建议和展望。主要发现有：（1）国外医患互动研究从1960年代起步，研究视角和方法呈现多元化趋势，相关研究可以被细化分类为：宏观“行为”研究、微观“话语”研究和会话分析研究。（2）国内相关研究始于1980年代后期，经历了萌芽、起步和成熟等三个发展阶段；语言学视角下的相关研究独树一帜，做出独特的贡献。（3）对比发现，国内研究在研究范式、内容和方法等方面有待进一步完善。本文希望能够为相关领域的研究者提供参考，助力学界围绕医患互动展开更深入、系统、具体的理论和实践探讨。

Doctor-patient interaction has long been considered an essential component in health care practices. Although it has been a popular topic receiving cross-disciplinary attention in the past few decades, scientific investigation and scholastic accounts of it are still far from enough. This article reviews published studies on doctor-patient interaction both in China and overseas. Synchronic and diachronic angles are incorporated in analyzing the reviewed papers. The overseas and Chinese studies are presented in separate sections. In each section, studies are re-grouped based on their disciplinary and methodological orientations. It is found that overseas studies on doctor-patient interaction started to appear in the 1960s and are characterized by diversity in both theoretical and methodological approaches. Three major approaches that emerged from the literature are macro “action” research, micro “discourse” studies and (micro) conversation analysis. Chinese research in this field appeared in the late 1980s. Three developmental stages have been outlined and an in-depth review of research on doctor-patient conversations from the linguistic perspective has been conducted. Studies in China and overseas are then compared, based on which suggestions on improving research in doctor-patient interaction in China are generated. It is hoped that this paper will provide some useful references for future researchers in their endeavor to enrich theoretical discussions in this field and improve health care practices worldwide.