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Article published In: Chinese Language and Discourse
Vol. 8:2 (2017) ► pp.137–173

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A crosslinguistic study of some extended uses of what-based interrogative expressions in Chinese, English, and Korean

 | University of California, Los Angeles
 | University of Arkansas
 | University of California, Los Angeles
Published online: 26 January 2018
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https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.00001.lee
Abstract
Interrogative pronouns such as what in English, shenme in Mandarin Chinese, and mwe/mwusun in Korean all have developed extended uses beyond interrogation. Such uses may include filling a gap in conversation, softening a speaker’s epistemic stance, and indicating strong emotions such as surprises or incredulity. Yet there is little research dealing with crosslinguistic patterns with large corpora of interactive discourse data. In this paper, we investigate the extended uses based on corpora of multiple telephone calls from the three languages. We show that eight categories of extended use can be identified in the corpora and that most of the extended uses tend to fall in the negative territory. We provide a pragmatic interactive account for this phenomenon and hope that the taxonomy and coding scheme developed here can serve as a starting point for future crosslinguistic and corpus-based comparative studies of what-like tokens as well as of the discourse pragmatic uses of other interrogative forms.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Review of relevant research
    • 2.1General and English studies
    • 2.2Mandarin-based studies
    • 2.3Korean studies
  • 3.Data and methodology
    • 3.1Data
    • 3.2Identifying non-interrogative uses and related issues
  • 4.The functional coding categories
    • 4.1Defining the categories (with Mandarin and Korean data as illustrations)
      • 4.1.1Generic
      • 4.1.2Indefiniteness
      • 4.1.3Disapproval
      • 4.1.4General extender
      • 4.1.5Fillers
      • 4.1.6Exclamation
      • 4.1.7Softener
      • 4.1.8Avoidance
    • 4.2Applying the categories to the English data
    • 4.3Summary
  • 5.Findings
    • 5.1Overall findings
    • 5.2Subcategories of extended uses
  • 6.Discussion
    • 6.1Chinese/Korean vs. English
    • 6.2Chinese/English vs. Korean
    • 6.3Shared properties among all three languages
  • 7.Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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