De facto segregation of black and white vernaculars

Labov, William; Harris, Wendell A.

doi:10.1075/cilt.53.04lab

In:Diversity and Diachrony
David Sankoff
[Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 53] 1986
► pp. 1–24

Get fulltext from our e-platform

Download Book PDF

De facto segregation of black and white vernaculars

William Labov

Wendell A. Harris

Published online: 1 January 1986

https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.53.04lab

Cited by (79)

Cited by 79 other publications

Order by:

Joshua, R.Hummel, Jordan Holley, Robin Dodsworth & Suzanne Evans Wagner

2025. Conceptualizing and Coding Social Class in Linguistic Corpora. In Dimensions of Linguistic Variation, ► pp. 232 ff.

Kimbara, Irene

2025. The Representation of Earlier African American Vernacular English By Charles W. Chesnutt. American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage 100:1 ► pp. 93 ff.

Sonya, Fix, Blake Renée, Cutler Cecelia & Holliday Nicole

2025. Reorienting Blackness and Whiteness in Studies of Sociolinguistic Variation. In Dimensions of Linguistic Variation, ► pp. 179 ff.

Tseng, Amelia

2025. Playground Learning: African American English in Latinx Linguistic Repertoires. Journal of Language, Identity & Education 24:5 ► pp. 1093 ff.

Bridwell, Keiko & Margaret E. L. Renwick

2024. Race, Place, and Education: Charting the Wine-Whine Merger in the U.S. South. American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage 99:4 ► pp. 441 ff.

Calhoun, Kendra & Joyhanna Yoo

2024. African American English, racialized femininities, and Asian American identity in Ali Wong's Baby Cobra. Journal of Sociolinguistics 28:4 ► pp. 64 ff.

Fisher, Sabriya

2024. 6. Mass Migration, Social Networks, and Generational Change: The Proliferation of ain’t for didn’t in Post-Migration Philadelphia. Publication of the American Dialect Society 109:1 ► pp. 135 ff.

Fisher, Sabriya

2025. Variation in African American English Verbal Morphology Following Ain’t in the Past Tense and Present Perfect. American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage 100:3 ► pp. 339 ff.

Washington, Julie A., Bryan K. Murray & Elizabeth Doyne

2024. Pitfalls and promises of dialect in the classroom. In Multifaceted Multilingualism [Studies in Bilingualism, 66], ► pp. 47 ff.

Zhu, Xun

2024. Racial Disparities in Medical Crowdfunding: The Role of Sharing Disparity and Humanizing Narratives. Health Communication 39:12 ► pp. 2850 ff.

Ávila Muñoz, Antonio Manuel

2023. Explicación multidimensional de la dinámica sociolingüística en Andalucía. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 36:1 ► pp. 60 ff.

Ávila-Muñoz, Antonio Manuel

2022. En los orígenes del estudio de la variación lingüística. Spanish in Context 19:2 ► pp. 189 ff.

Cordes, Christian, Stephan Müller, Georg Schwesinger & Sarianna M. Lundan

2022. Governance structures, cultural distance, and socialization dynamics: further challenges for the modern corporation. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 32:2 ► pp. 371 ff.

Fox, Michael J.

2022. The Influence of Institutional Affiliation and Social Ecology on Sound Change. American Speech 97:2 ► pp. 126 ff.

Gabriel, Christoph, Jonas Grünke & Elena Kireva

2020. Portuguese remnants in the Spanish of Olivenza (Extremadura). In Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 28], ► pp. 421 ff.

Hinskens, Frans

2020. The Expanding Universe of the Study of Sound Change. In The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, ► pp. 5 ff.

Sharma, Devyani & Robin Dodsworth

2020. Language Variation and Social Networks. Annual Review of Linguistics 6:1 ► pp. 341 ff.

Wolfram, Walt

2019. African‐American English. In The Handbook of World Englishes, ► pp. 314 ff.

de Martí, Joan & Yves Zenou

2017. Segregation in Friendship Networks. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics 119:3 ► pp. 656 ff.

Cornips, Leonie & Frans Gregersen

2016. The impact of Labov's contribution to general linguistic theory. Journal of Sociolinguistics 20:4 ► pp. 498 ff.

Labov, William

2016. Afterword: Where are we now?. Journal of Sociolinguistics 20:4 ► pp. 581 ff.

Newkirk-Turner, Brandi L. & Lisa Green

2016. Third person singular -sand event marking in child African American English. Linguistic Variation 16:1 ► pp. 103 ff.

Rhue, Lauren & Jessica Clark

2016. Who Gets Started on Kickstarter? Racial Disparities in Crowdfunding Success. SSRN Electronic Journal

Rhue, Lauren & Jessica Clark

2022. Who Are You and What Are You Selling? Creator-Based and Product-Based Racial Cues in Crowdfunding. MIS Quarterly 46:4 ► pp. 2229 ff.

Rickford, John R.

2016. Labov's contributions to the study of African American Vernacular English: Pursuing linguistic and social equity. Journal of Sociolinguistics 20:4 ► pp. 561 ff.

Shin, Richard Q., Lance C. Smith, Jamie C. Welch & Ijeoma Ezeofor

2016. Is Allison More Likely Than Lakisha to Receive a Callback From Counseling Professionals? A Racism Audit Study. The Counseling Psychologist 44:8 ► pp. 1187 ff.

Villena-Ponsoda, Juan-Andrés & Antonio-Manuel Ávila-Muñoz

2014. Dialect stability and divergence in southern Spain. In Stability and Divergence in Language Contact [Studies in Language Variation, 16], ► pp. 207 ff.

Ravid, Dorit, Amalia Bar-On & Elitzur Dattner

2013. Linguistics in the service of communication disorders. AILA Review 26 ► pp. 79 ff.

Stell, Gerald

2012. Comparability of the Black-White Divide in the American Speech Community and the Coloured-White Divide in the Afrikaans Speech Community. American Speech 87:3 ► pp. 294 ff.

Stell, Gerald

2017. Social mobility as a factor in restructuring. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32:1 ► pp. 104 ff.

DUNSTAN, STEPHANY BRETT

2010. IDENTITIES IN TRANSITION: THE USE OF AAVE GRAMMATICAL FEATURES BY HISPANIC ADOLESCENTS IN TWO NORTH CAROLINA COMMUNITIES. American Speech 85:2 ► pp. 185 ff.

Gabrielatos, Costas, Eivind Nessa Torgersen, Sebastian Hoffmann & Susan Fox

2010. A Corpus-Based Sociolinguistic Study of Indefinite Article Forms in London English. Journal of English Linguistics 38:4 ► pp. 297 ff.

COGGSHALL, ELIZABETH L. & KARA BECKER

2009. THE VOWEL PHONOLOGIES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN AND WHITE NEW YORK CITY RESIDENTS. The Publication of the American Dialect Society 94:1 ► pp. 101 ff.

Cutler, Cecilia

2009. Yorkville Crossing: White Teens, Hip-Hop, and African American English. In The New Sociolinguistics Reader, ► pp. 299 ff.

THOMAS, ERIK R. & MALCAH YAEGER-DROR

2009. INTRODUCTION. The Publication of the American Dialect Society 94:1 ► pp. 1 ff.

Eberhardt, Maeve

2008. The Low-Back Merger in the Steel City: African American English in Pittsburgh. American Speech 83:3 ► pp. 284 ff.

Ehrmann, Nicholas & Douglas S. Massey

2008. Gender-specific effects of ecological conditions on college achievement. Social Science Research 37:1 ► pp. 220 ff.

Thomas, Erik R.

2007. Phonological and Phonetic Characteristics of African American Vernacular English. Language and Linguistics Compass 1:5 ► pp. 450 ff.

Ball, Arnetha F. & H. Samy Alim

2006. Preparation, Pedagogy, Policy, and Power: Brown, the King Case, and the Struggle for Equal Language Rights. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 108:14 ► pp. 104 ff.

Ball, Arnetha F. & H. samy Alim

2006. Chapter 6 Preparation, Pedagogy, Policy, and Power:Brown,theKingCase, and the Struggle for Equal Language Rights. Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education 105:2 ► pp. 104 ff.

Alim, H. Samy

2005. Critical Language Awareness in the United States: Revisiting Issues and Revising Pedagogies in a Resegregated Society. Educational Researcher 34:7 ► pp. 24 ff.

Peter Auer, Frans Hinskens & Paul Kerswill

2005. Dialect Change,

Charity, Anne H., Hollis S. Scarborough & Darion M. Griffin

2004. Familiarity With School English in African American Children and Its Relation to Early Reading Achievement. Child Development 75:5 ► pp. 1340 ff.

Fischer, Mary J. & Douglas S. Massey

2004. The Ecology of Racial Discrimination. City & Community 3:3 ► pp. 221 ff.

Fought, Carmen

2004. Ethnicity. In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change, ► pp. 444 ff.

Fought, Carmen

2013. Ethnicity. In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change, ► pp. 388 ff.

Horton-Ikard, RaMonda & Jon F. Miller

2004. It is not just the poor kids: the use of AAE forms by African-American school-aged children from middle SES communities. Journal of Communication Disorders 37:6 ► pp. 467 ff.

Milroy, Lesley

2004. Social Networks. In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change, ► pp. 549 ff.

Smitherman, Geneva

2004. Language and African Americans. Journal of English Linguistics 32:3 ► pp. 186 ff.

TILLERY, JAN, GUY BAILEY & TOM WIKLE

2004. DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND AMERICAN DIALECTOLOGY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. American Speech 79:3 ► pp. 227 ff.

Edwards, Walter F.

2003. Review of Huang (2000): Study of African-American Vernacular English in America’s “Middletown”: Evidence of linguistic convergence. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 18:2 ► pp. 326 ff.

Holm, John

2003. Languages in Contact,

Stephen J. Nagle & Sara L. Sanders

2003. English in the Southern United States,

Morgan, Marcyliena

2002. Language, Discourse and Power in African American Culture,

MURRAY, THOMAS E. & BETH LEE SIMON

2002. AT THE INTERSECTION OF REGIONAL AND SOCIAL DIALECTS: THE CASE OFLIKE+ PAST PARTICIPLE IN AMERICAN ENGLISH. American Speech 77:1 ► pp. 32 ff.

Smitherman, Geneva & John Baugh

2002. The Shot Heard from Ann Arbor: Language Research and Public Policy in African America. Howard Journal of Communications 13:1 ► pp. 5 ff.

Orfield, Myron & Thomas Luce

2001. Erie Metropatterns: A Regional Agenda for Community and Stability in the Erie Region. SSRN Electronic Journal

Pooley, Tim

2001. Contact linguistique, contact humain et changements linguistiques dans le français de la région lilloise : les conséquences de l'immigration. Cahiers de sociolinguistique n° 6:1 ► pp. 25 ff.

Small, Mario Luis & Katherine Newman

2001. Urban Poverty afterThe Truly Disadvantaged: The Rediscovery of the Family, the Neighborhood, and Culture. Annual Review of Sociology 27:1 ► pp. 23 ff.

Klonoff, Elizabeth A. & Hope Landrine

2000. Revising and Improving the African American Acculturation Scale. Journal of Black Psychology 26:2 ► pp. 235 ff.

White, Michael J., Beverly J. Vandiver, Maria L. Becker, Belinda G. Overstreet, Linda E. Temple, Kelly L. Hagan & Emily P. Mandelbaum

1998. African American Evaluations of Black English and Standard American English. Journal of Black Psychology 24:1 ► pp. 60 ff.

Lawrence, Valerie Whittlesey

1997. Middle- and Working-Class Black and White Children's Speech During a Picture-Labeling Task. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 158:2 ► pp. 226 ff.

Patrick, Peter L. & Arvilla Payne‐Jackson

1996. Functions of Rasta Talk in a Jamaican Creole Healing Narrative: "A Bigfoot Dem Gi' Mi". Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 6:1 ► pp. 47 ff.

Massey, Douglas S.

1993. Latinos, Poverty, and the Underclass: A New Agenda for Research. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 15:4 ► pp. 449 ff.

Milroy, James & Lesley Milroy

1993. Mechanisms of change in urban dialects: the role of class, social network and gender. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 3:1 ► pp. 57 ff.

Milroy, James & Lesley Milroy

1997. Network Structure and Linguistic Change. In Sociolinguistics, ► pp. 199 ff.

Nuessel, Frank

1991. Review of Butters (1989): The Death of Black English: Divergence and Convergence in Black and White Vernaculars. Language Problems and Language Planning 15:1 ► pp. 95 ff.

Denning, Keith

1989. Convergence with divergence: A sound change in Vernacular Black English. Language Variation and Change 1:2 ► pp. 145 ff.

Butters, Ronald R.

1987. Review of Edwards (1986): Language in a Black Community. Language Problems and Language Planning 11:2 ► pp. 220 ff.

[no author supplied]

1994. References. In Sociolinguistic Metatheory, ► pp. 185 ff.

[no author supplied]

2002. References. In The Development of African American English, ► pp. 213 ff.

[no author supplied]

2003. NEW DIRECTIONS IN RESEARCH. Reading Research Quarterly 38:1 ► pp. 104 ff.

[no author supplied]

2003. References. In Sociolinguistics, ► pp. 231 ff.

[no author supplied]

2005. REFERENCES. The Publication of the American Dialect Society 90:1 ► pp. 125 ff.

[no author supplied]

2008. References. In Homegirls, ► pp. 297 ff.

[no author supplied]

2010. References. In Principles of Linguistic Change, ► pp. 394 ff.

[no author supplied]

2015. References. In Making Waves, ► pp. 194 ff.

[no author supplied]

2017. Bibliography. In The Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ► pp. 453 ff.

[no author supplied]

2024. Intonation in Language Contact [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 286],

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.