In:The Boundary between Grammar and Lexicon: Evidence from Japanese verb morphology
Brent de Chene
[Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 368] 2025
► pp. 263–267
Subject index
Published online: 3 February 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.368.si
https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.368.si
A
- abstractness 46–48, 54
- accentual domains10
- adjectival nouns 66–67, 72n18
- adjectivalization160
- adjective stems 24–25, 29, 53, 55, 59, 68, 76–77, 82–84, 118, 127, 144
- adverbs, Conjunctives lexicalized as81
- affixes, derivational 1–7, 61, 118–120, 153, 233
- affixes, inflectional 1–3, 5–6, 11, 13, 31, 49, 119–120, 122, 153, 233–234
- agency80
- agentive subjects 52, 96, 108, 111
- agents 20, 80, 107–108, 234
- agglutinative morphology 21, 37
- Agree operation4
- agreement11
- allomorphy, listed 22–23, 30, 35, 46, 140 ; see also suppletion
- allosemes235
- alternations
- automatic 122–123
- neutralizing123
- nonautomatic (morphophonological) 23–24, 123–124, 130, 133
- typology 122–126
- units 122, 124
- Amami 21, 162, 167, 173–175
- A-Morphous Morphology (AM) 4–6, 11
- analogy 75, 148, 160, 171, 219, 231, 233
- Analysis A of verbal suffix alternations
129–232 passim
- explaining the choice of 178–211
- GAJ evidence 134, 135–139
- Ryukyuan 154–177
- timing of adoption of 211–232
- Analysis B of verbal suffix alternations 129–133, 139, 178, 183, 185, 206
- Analysis C of verbal suffix alternations 130–133, 139, 146, 178, 183, 185, 206
- anaphora 12–13
- Anatolian dialects of Modern Greek 202–204
- Ancient Greek208
- animacy 72, 84, 95–96, 105, 107, 158, 173n18
- assimilation 28, 129n2, 147, 149, 158, 164–165, 170, 171–172, 175
- asyntactic theories of morphology 3–4
- Autolexical Syntax3
- automatic alternations 122–123
- auxiliaries 92, 137–138, 158n5
- Axininca Campa 208–209
B
- backformations215
- Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ) 99–100, 102, 108, 110–111, 115–116, 198, 215
- basic alternants 124, 130, 135, 138 ; see also default forms, underlying representations
- bigrade alternation, leveling of 211–214
- bigrade blocking hypothesis 148, 214–223
- bleeding44
- blocking
- of leveling 16, 148, 214, 216–221, 223, 225, 227–231
- of morphological production 89, 93–97, 102, 107–108
- bracket erasure142
C
- cancellation (of the properties of an inner suffix) 51, 65, 69, 75, 83–85
- cancellation, combination by83
- case, structural4
- categorizing heads61
- causation, directive 95–96
- causation, inducive 95–96
- causation, manipulative 95–96, 98n4, 111
- causation, noninterventive 10n4, 95–96
- causation, permissive 95–96
- causative, lexical 15, 68n14, 81, 86, 88–120, 97–117
- causative, syntactic 88–120
- causative little vsee little v
- causative of a causative67
- causativization 74, 100, 105, 111, 156n2
- cause, nonagentive95
- causee 95–96
- causer, agentive95
- c-command85
- Chichewa86
- child language acquisition 177, 235
- Classical Chinese118
- Classical Ryukyuan162
- clitics 20, 187, 190, 192
- complementary distribution 98–100, 123
- complex symbols5
- composition, combination by83
- compositionality
80–82, 92n3,
98, 103, 109, 112, 118
- failure of 64–77, 83, 233
- compounding 7, 8, 54–55, 65n10, 142, 207
- computation, syntactic 1, 4, 10, 50–51, 69, 120
- consonant deletion129n2
- constraint, phonotactic 122, 181
- constraint (re)ranking 121, 194
- Construction Grammar1
- containment, principle of 65, 69, 75–76
- coreferentiality110
- coronal consonants 35, 157–159, 161, 187–188, 190, 192–194, 208, 210
- corpus evidence 57, 98 ; see also Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese
- corpus-external evidencesee external evidence
- correspondence-based frameworks3
- counterbleeding44
- counterfeeding 48, 142n11, 207
- creolization119
- cumulative exponence 14, 18, 20
- C/V polarity alternations 33–34, 229–232
D
- declarative knowledge 3, 85
- decreasing complexity, rules applied in order of140
- default forms
34, 88, 90, 93, 144–146, 148, 177, 188
- role in typology of alternations 125–126
- deneutralizing rules194
- derivation, derivational morphology
- featural override in 83–86
- nonsyntactic nature of 50–87
- derivational affixessee affixes, derivational
- descriptive adequacy 121–122, 178–179, 185
- diacritics 65, 125, 136, 145, 190–191, 220
- Distributed Morphology (DM) 1, 4–6, 50–93 passim, 120, 235
- ditransitive verbs79
- double causative test 92n3, 98, 111–112
- double object constructions85
- Dunan 21–49, 176
E
- empty consonants 160, 169
- endangered languages 154, 177
- English
- compound tenses18
- consonant copying119n22
- deverbal nominals 50, 234
- hierarchical relations9
- inherent inflection as syntactic 11–13
- intrusive r189
- leveling in verbal paradigms223
- lexicalized plurals 81, 113
- past tense94
- phrasal compounds8
- Proto-Indo-European roots87
- replacement of raught by reached149
- suffix ordering77n20
- zero exponent of definite article18
- epenthesis
- coronal consonants208
- glides207
- Modern Greek 198–206, 209
- “unnatural” 207–208
- evaluation, sequentialsee sequential evaluation
- evaluation, unitarysee unitary evaluation
- evaluation procedures/evaluation metrics 121, 179, 189
- event semantics 61, 69–71, 74–75, 234–235
- eventuality types61
- experiencers 20, 61
- explanatory adequacy 121–122, 178, 179–180, 190, 197
- exponence 43–46, 93, 145–146
- extended verbal projection61
- extension of an alternation 24, 123, 125–126, 186–190, 211, 225
- external arguments 13, 61, 64, 67, 69–71, 78, 85, 140
- external evidence 121–123, 153
- external possession 105, 109 ; see also possessor-raising causatives
F
- featural override 52, 83–84
- feature specification 31, 140, 182–183, 223
- feature-counting metrics121
- features, contextually determined 13–14
- features, inherent 13–14
- features, [+Interpretable]11
- features, [–Interpretable]11
- features, morphosyntactic 2, 11, 13–14, 31, 35, 84n24, 120, 128, 140, 195–196, 223, 226
- feeding 8, 38, 43, 130
- Finnish 23–24
- French 19, 32, 55, 86, 169, 200, 208
- functional heads 9, 69
- fusion, morphosyntactic 18–19, 20–21, 49–50
- fusion, phonological 14, 19–21, 49–50
G
- Generalized Type Frequency (GTF) 196–197, 204–206, 226
- German 24, 32, 84, 122, 222
- goal arguments 20, 79–80
- gradient concept of transitivity79
- Greek, Ancient208
- Greek, Modern
- characteristic state to-adjectives 234–236
- hiatus at noun stem boundary 124, 198–205, 208
H
- haplology156
- Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar3
- hiatus resolution
- Dunan 27–49 passim
- Japanese143
- Modern Greek 124, 178, 198–199, 202–204
- hierarchical relations 2, 5, 9–11
- high attachmentsee low attachment vs. high attachment analyses
- Hirara dialect verb inflection Table 5, 33; Table 4, 160
I
- idiomatization 81–82, 98–100 ; see also lexicalization
- idioms 96, 98–100, 102, 107–108, 109–114
- inalienable possession 107–108, 110–111
- inferential theories of morphology 1, 18
- inflection, inflectional morphology
- category-changing84
- contextual 11, 13
- inherent 2, 11–14
- syntactic nature of 4–14
- inflectional affixessee affixes, inflectional
- innovative r-suffixes 134–139, 149–152, 163, 166, 172–173, 175–176, 211, 213–214, 216–219, 231n8
- interference mechanisms in analogy226n6
- internal suffixes 70–72, 74–76
- irregularity, grammatical characterization of 124–125, 190
- irregularity, psychological interpretation of 125, 190
- isolating languages9
- isolation forms 182, 192–193
- isoradical relations 55–60, 62–63, 65–68, 72, 77, 86–87, 96, 191n4
- isoradical sets 58–59, 62, 64, 65n10, 66n11, 66n12, 68, 72
- Italian84
- iterativity30
J
- Japonic family 21, 176–177, 215
K
- Kamigata-go 115, 137, 228
- Korean 85, 129n1, 182, 187–194, 196–197, 204
- Kumiodori 164, 167
L
- language acquisition 177, 235
- late insertion 4, 14, 31, 120
- Latin 54, 118, 183
- leveling
- as loss of irregularity 125, 227
- cases lacking proportional motivation 226–227
- of C/V polarity alternations230
- of the bigrade alternation 211–214
- of the Inferential alternation 223–231
- phonological distance in 221–223
- regulated by the Regularization Priority Principle (RPP) 223–227
- typology of alternations and 125–126
- levels of adequacysee descriptive adequacy; explanatory adequacy; observational adequacy
- lexical causatives 15, 68n14, 81, 86, 97–117
- lexical conditioning 32, 48
- lexical diffusion194
- Lexical (Morphology and) Phonology3
- lexical redundancy rules 1, 3, 5, 50–51, 85–86, 90, 236
- Lexical-Functional Grammar3
- lexicalization 72, 81–83, 102–103, 112–113 ; see also idiomatization
- listed representations, stems and inflectional affixes as units with 6, 119, 122, 153, 233
- little a 67, 76
- little n 50, 64
- little v
- causative (vc) 13, 51, 60–69, 76, 85–86
- in Modern Greek 234–235
- inchoative (vi) 51, 60–69, 70–71, 74–76, 85–86
- trapped67
- Voice-little v split 69–76
- Livisi dialect (Modern Greek) noun inflection Table 5, 203
- loanwords 142n11, 169, 190, 200
- local markedness215
- low attachment vs. high attachment analyses 90–94, 118, 120
M
- Maori 181–182, 208
- Merge operation10
- Minimal Divergence Principle (MDP) 204–206, 209–210
- Minimalist Program 4, 180
- Miyako
21, 159–160, 162n11, 163
- failure to adopt Analysis A 16, 176–177, 197–198, 232
- Modern Greek 124, 198–206, 208, 234–236
- monophthongization 19, 141, 143–144, 160, 171, 223–227
- morphemes, functional/grammatical 2, 51
- morphological conditioning 46, 47, 48, 208n14
- morphomes 22–25
- morphosyntactic conditioning, as a factor determining whether an alternation is rule-governed24
- morphosyntactic fusion 19–21
N
- narrow syntax11
- Natural Generative Phonology182
- Network Morphology4
- neutralization 47, 101, 122–123, 165, 178, 182, 185–195
- neutralizing choices of underlying representations 178, 185–195
- nominalization 50, 64
- nonagentive subjects 32, 95
- nonautomatic alternations 123–126, 182
- nonbasic morpheme alternants 124–125, 130, 182–183, 185
- Northern Ryukyuan
21, 174n20
- adoption of Analysis A 16, 175–176
O
- observational adequacy 179, 197
- Okinawan
21, 31n6, 35
- Shuri dialect 15, 35, 154–160, 162–175
- Old English 125, 221–222
- Old Japanese 55, 57, 72, 74, 81, 82, 92, 100, 102, 103, 118, 161, 212
- Omoro Soshi 162–167, 168n17
- onbin 127, 157–158, 165–166, 168n16, 170–171, 174n21
- operators13
- Optimality Theory194
- overregularization125
- overriding of the properties of an inner suffixsee cancellation
P
- Paradigm Function Morphology3
- Parallel Architecture3
- parameter setting121
- patient/theme78
- PF-deletion12
- phase heads68n14
- phonetic naturalness24
- phonological distance, as a determinant of leveling 221–231
- phonological distance, as a determinant of whether an alternation will be taken as rule-governed24
- phonological predictability 37, 127, 131
- phonological representationssee underlying representations
- phonological rules, ordering of 37, 43–47
- phonotactic constraints 122–123, 181–182
- phrasal affixes20
- phrasal compounds8
- piece-based theories of inflection 1, 3, 5, 11
- polysemy vs. homophony67n13
- polysynthetic languages9
- portmanteau suffixes 19, 21
- Portuguese 24, 85, 123–124, 186–187, 189–191, 195, 197, 204
- possessor-control causatives111
- possessor-raising causatives 99, 103–104, 107–110
- postsyntactic (post-spellout) phonology 4, 5, 18, 19, 142–143
- predictability, as a factor in morphophonological analysis 127, 131, 154–155, 183–185, 207
- Principles and Parameters framework 179–180
- probability matching in morphophonology 181, 194
- probability maximization in morphophonology181
- procedural knowledge3
- process-based theories of inflection 1, 3, 5, 11, 18, 20
- proportional analogy 75, 172–174, 226
- proportions, four-term 147, 231–232
- Proto-Algic209
- Proto-Algonquian 208–209
- Proto-Germanic222
- Proto-Indo-European 87, 118, 234
- Proto-Japonic 37, 161, 166, 176
- Proto-Ryukyuan159n6
Q
- quantifier float79
R
- ra-nuki150
- readjustment rules 44–45, 49
- Realize Morpheme198
- reanalysis, morphophonological 1, 6, 54–55, 74–75, 149, 186n3, 190–191, 214, 233–234
- Regularization Priority Principle (RPP) 223–231
- relexification 189–191, 193
- r-Epenthesis
16, 90–92, 129–231 passim
- as exemplar of stem-boundary epenthesis rule 206–210
- resyllabification 187–188, 191–192
- Romance verb paradigms 19, 25
- Romanian 222–223
- root-based syntax, hypothesis of 50–87 passim
- roots, acategorial 2, 51, 61
- r-stems (Shuri), secondary 166, 168, 175
- r-stems (Shuri), tertiary166
- r-suffixes, innovativesee innovative r-suffixes
- rule inversion 187, 189, 192, 194, 208
- rule ordering 37, 43, 47
- Russian123
- Ryuka 164, 167
- r-zero alternations 16, 128, 144, 181, 190, 197–198, 211, 213, 232
S
- Sakishima languages 35n8, 176–177 ; see also Dunan; Miyako; Yaeyama
- Sanskrit208
- scopal relations 10–11
- segmentation/segmentability 14, 18–22, 26–28, 48–49, 54–55, 59, 114n16, 148, 154, 228
- sequential evaluation 196–197
- Shuri dialectsee Okinawan
- Shuri dialect verb inflection Table 1, 155; Table 2, 157; Table 3, 158
- “single generative engine” 5, 85
- Spanish 24–25, 123
- specifier positions 61, 106–107
- spellout 45–46, 139, 142
- split morphology 2, 6–9
- stem alternations (Dunan) 22–23, 34, 35–43
- stem-boundary epenthesis 182, 205–210
- stem-level phonology 90–92, 118
- stems as lexical items 85–86
- stochastic rules in morphophonology 180–181, 194
- Stratal Optimality Theory3
- strong lexicalist morphology3
- Subset Principle 4, 14, 31, 139
- suffix sequences 17, 51, 60–80 passim, 233–234
- suppletion 23, 94, 122, 125
- suppletive forms 20, 25, 32, 82, 124, 128–129, 229
- syllable coalescence 141, 143–144, 146
- syncretism 128–129, 140
- syntactic computation 1, 4, 10, 50–51, 69, 120
- syntactic terminals 4, 5, 7, 13, 18, 139, 233
- syntactocentric frameworks4
- Syntax down to the Stem (SdS) 5–6
- syntax/inflection duplication problem 9–11
T
- T (tense element)61
- Tagalog20
- Takachiho dialect verb inflection Table 2, 213
- tampering, prohibition on 65, 69
- terminal elements (terminals), syntacticsee syntactic terminals
- thematic vowels 24–25, 220
- token frequency 195–198, 206, 208
- transitivity, gradient concept of79
- transitivity pairs 56, 58–59
- transitivity suffixes 46, 51, 56, 60–76, 234–235
- transitivizers 94–95, 97–99, 102
- trapped elements/interpretations 67, 70–72, 75
- trisuffixal stems 65n10, 72, 76–77
- Turkish 169, 200
- type frequency 195–199, 208
U
- unaccusativity
61, 78, 86, 104–112
- Dunan 32–33, 36, 45–46
- Japanese Passive/Potential140
- underlying representations (URs)
15, 122, 128, 180–181
- frequency-based criteria for 195–198
- informativeness as a criterion for47
- neutralizing choices of 178, 185–195
- unification-based frameworks3
- unitary evaluation189
- Uyghur190
V
- Vietnamese7
- Vocabulary Item4
- Voice head 20, 61, 69–76, 235
- VP idioms 109–114
W
- weak imperatives 31–32, 136, 215
- weak lexicalist morphology 2, 6–9, 236
- Wiyot209
- word, grammatical9
- Word and Paradigm Morphology 4, 22
- word-level phonology 90–92, 94, 118, 130, 142, 156
Y
- Yaeyama
21, 31n6, 32, 39–40
- adoption of Analysis A 16, 176
- Yonaguni Island21
- Yonaguni languagesee Dunan
- Yurok39
