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In:The Diachrony of Classification Systems
Edited by William B. McGregor and Søren Wichmann
[Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 342] 2018
► pp. 107–134

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Diachronic and synchronic aspects of the simplification of grammatical gender in an obsolescent language

The case of Irish

Published online: 14 May 2018
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https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.342.05fre
The comparison of two corpora of spoken Irish – one representative of a traditional variety as spoken in 1964, the other of the language spoken today on Irish-language media – reveals a number of differences in the way gender agreement is marked on different agreement targets. The difference is minimal in terms of article–noun agreement and most conspicuous with pronominal agreement. An intermediate position is occupied by noun–adjective agreement within the noun phrase. This study suggests that the gender system of Irish, historically based on both semantic and morphological assignment, is becoming purely semantic, similar in this to the gender system which characterized the final stages of a number of now-extinct Celtic varieties. In their final stages, these exhibited a purely semantic gender assignment system, whereby feminine agreement was limited to anaphoric pronouns with female antecedents. Within the noun phrase, feminine agreement markers were only found in a few fossilized expressions. Irish currently appears to be at an intermediate stage along the path towards a similar system.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Irish: Sociolinguistic background and the traditional gender system
    • 2.1Sociolinguistic status of Irish
    • 2.2Gender in traditional Irish
  • 3.Methodology
    • 3.1The data
    • 3.2Procedure
  • 4.Findings
    • 4.1Agreement with the article
    • 4.2Agreement with the adjective
    • 4.3Pronominal agreement
      • 4.3.1The older generation corpus
      • 4.3.2The contemporary corpus
      • 4.3.3Older and contemporary corpus compared
    • 4.4Summary
  • 5.Discussion
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • References
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