In:Variation within and across Romance Languages: Selected papers from the 41st Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), Ottawa, 5–7 May 2011
Edited by Marie-Hélène Côté and Eric Mathieu
[Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 333] 2014
► pp. 77–100
Muta cum liquida in the light of Tertenia Sardinian metathesis and compensatory lengthening Latin tr > Old French Vrr
Published online: 17 December 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.333.07sch
https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.333.07sch
This article is designed to show that muta cum liquida (branching onsets) enclose an empty nucleus (in case they are bipositional). Arguments come from two data sets. A compensatory lengthening is studied that has occurred in the evolution from Latin to Old French within a muta cum liquida: tr dr > rr, i.e., the loss of t d is accompanied by the gemination of r iff the preceding vowel is short (petra > pierre vs. paatre > père). In Tertenia Sardinian, it is argued that metathesis of r from the right to the left of the o in /sesø døormendu/ → srø ðørɔmmέndu; ndu (with ensuing gemination of the m on the position vacated) occurs in order to circumscribe the second of two empty nuclei (ø) in a row.
References (52)
Anderson, John. 2011. The Substance of Language. Vol.1 The Domain of Syntax. Vol.2 Morphology, Paradigms, and Periphrases. Vol.3 Phonology-Syntax Analogies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Anttila, Arto. 2002. “Morphologically Conditioned Phonological Alternations”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 20.1–42.
Brun-Trigaud, Guylaine & Tobias Scheer. 2010. “Lenition in Branching Onsets in French and in ALF dialects”. Development of Language Through the Lens of Formal Linguistics ed. by Petr Karlík, 15–28. Munich: Lincom.
Chierchia, Gennaro. 1986. “Length, Syllabification and the Phonological Cycle in Italian”. Journal of Italian Linguistics 8.5–34.
Chomsky, Noam. 2000. “Minimalist Inquiries: The framework”. Step by Step. Essays on Minimalist Syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik ed. by Roger Martin, David Michaels & Juan Uriagereka, 89–155. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Contini, Michele. 1987. Etude de géographie phonétique et de phonétique instrumentale du sarde. 2 vols. Alessandria: dell'Orso.
Embick, David. 2010. Localism Versus Globalism in Morphology and Phonology. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Gess, Randall. 1998. “Compensatory Lengthening and Structure Preservation Revisited”. Phonology 15.353–366.
Goedemans, Rob. 1996. “An Optimality Account of Onset-Sensitive Stress in Quantity-Insensitive Languages”. The Linguistic Review 13.33–47.
Kavitskaya, Darya. 2002. Compensatory Lengthening. Phonetics, phonology, diachrony. New York & London: Routledge.
Kaye, Jonathan, Jean Lowenstamm & Jean-Roger Vergnaud. 1990. “Constituent Structure and Government in Phonology”. Phonology 7.193–231.
Lai, Rosangela. 2009. “Gradi di forza nelle occlusive di una sotto-varietà campidanese dell'Ogliastra”. Rivista Italiana di Dialettologia 33.85–100.
. 2013. Positional Effects in Sardinian Muta Cum Liquida: Lenition, metathesis, and liquid deletion. Alessandria: Edizioni dell'Orso.
. 2014. “Positional Factors in the Evolution of Sardinian Muta cum Liquida: A case study”. L'Italia Dialettale 75. 149–160.
Lowenstamm, Jean. 1996. “CV as the Only Syllable Type”. Current Trends in Phonology. Models and methods ed. by Jacques Durand & Bernard Laks, vol. 2, 419–441. Salford & Manchester: ESRI.
. 1999. “The Beginning of the Word”. Phonologica 1996 ed. by John Rennison & Klaus Kühnhammer, 153–166. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics.
Marotta, Giovanna. 2008. “Lenition in Tuscan Italian (Gorgia Toscana)”. Lenition and Fortition ed. by Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho, Tobias Scheer & Philippe Ségéral, 235–271. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Molinu, Lucia. 1998. La syllabe en sarde. Ph.D dissertation, Université Stendhal, Grenoble.
Pater, Joe. 2009. “Morpheme-Specific Phonology: Constraint indexation and inconsistency resolution”. Phonological Argumentation: Essays on evidence and motivation ed. by Steve Parker, 123–154. London: Equinox.
Pope, Mildred. 1952. From Latin to Modern French with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Ross, Haj. 1984. “Inner Islands”.
Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
ed. by Claudia Brugman & Monica Macaulay, 258–265.
Sanoudaki, Eirini. 2010. “Towards a Typology of Word Initial Consonant Clusters: Evidence from the acquisition of Greek”. Journal of Greek Linguistics 10.1–41.
. 2000a. De la localité, de la morphologie et de la phonologie en phonologie. Habilitation thesis, Université de Nice.
. 2000b. On Some Consequences of Dephoneticized Phonology. Paper presented at the Workshop on the Skeleton, Budapest 29–30 May 2000.
. 2004. A Lateral Theory of Phonology. Vol.1: What is CVCV, and Why Should it Be? Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
. 2007. “On the Status of Word-Initial Clusters in Slavic (And Elsewhere)”. Annual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics. The Toronto Meeting 2006 ed. by Richard Compton, Magdalena Goledzinowska & Ulyana Savchenko, 346–364. Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications.
. 2012. A Lateral Theory of Phonology. Vol.2: Direct Interface and One-Channel Translation: A non-diacritic theory of the morphosyntax-phonology interface. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Scheer, Tobias & Markéta Ziková. 2010. “The Coda Mirror v2”. Acta Linguistica Hungarica 57:4.411–431.
Ségéral, Philippe & Tobias Scheer. 2001. “La Coda-Miroir”. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 96.107–152.
. 2005. “What Lenition and Fortition Tells us About Gallo-Romance Muta cum Liquida”. Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2003 ed. by Twan Geerts, Ivo van Ginneken & Haike Jacobs, 235–267. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins.
. 2008. “The Coda Mirror, Stress and Positional Parameters”. Lenition and Fortition ed. by Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho, Tobias Scheer & Philippe Ségéral, 483–518. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
. Forthcoming. “Phonétique historique”. Grande grammaire historique du français ed. by Christiane Marchello-Nizia, Bernard Combettes, Sophie Prévost & Tobias Scheer.
Seigneur-Froli, Delphine. 2003. “Diachronic Consonant Lenition and Exotic Word-Initial Clusters in Greek: A unified account”. Studies in Greek Linguistics 23. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Department of Linguistics of AUTH ed. by Melita Stavrou-Sifaki & Asimakis Fliatouras, 345–357. Thessaloniki: University of Thessaloniki.
Starke, Michal. 2001. Move Dissolves Into Merge: A theory of locality. Ph.D dissertation, University of Geneva.
Straka, Georges. 1979. Les sons et les mots. Choix d'études de phonétique et de linguistique. Paris: Klincksieck.
Szabolcsi, Anna. 2006. “Strong vs. Weak Islands”. The Blackwell Companion to Syntax ed. by Martin Everaert & Henk van Riemsdijk, vol. IV, 479–531. Oxford: Blackwell.
Szigetvári, Péter. 2008. “Two Directions for Lenition”. Lenition and Fortition ed. by Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho, Tobias Scheer & Philippe Ségéral, 561–592. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Szigetvári, Péter & Tobias Scheer. 2005. “Unified Representations for the Syllable and Stress”. Phonology 22.37–75.
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
FAUST, Noam
Marr, Clayton & David Mortensen
2023. Large-scale computerized forward reconstruction yields new perspectives in French diachronic phonology. Diachronica 40:2 ► pp. 238 ff.
Charette, Monik
2017. The internal TR clusters of Acadian French. In Sonic Signatures [Language Faculty and Beyond, 14], ► pp. 18 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 15 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
