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In:Textual Parameters in Older Languages
Edited by Susan C. Herring, Pieter van Reenen and Lene Schøsler
[Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 195] 2000
► pp. 353–392

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The Middle English Verb-Second Constraint: A case study in language contact and language change

Anthony S. Kroch

Published online: 23 January 2001

https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.195.17kro

Cited by (53)

Cited by 53 other publications

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Allen, Cynthia L.

2025. Middle English. In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes, ► pp. 1 ff.

Elenbaas, Marion

2025. Typological Reorientation in the History of English. In The New Cambridge History of the English Language, ► pp. 356 ff.

GOTTHARD, LISA

2025. The rise of Scots do – transfer or innovation?. English Language and Linguistics ► pp. 1 ff.

Emonds, Joseph & Jan Terje Faarlund

2024. The Sparse Inflection of Middle and Modern English. In The North Germanic Morphosyntax of Modern English, ► pp. 173 ff.

Emonds, Joseph & Jan Terje Faarlund

2024. Norse Properties of Middle English Lacking in Old English. In The North Germanic Morphosyntax of Modern English, ► pp. 51 ff.

Emonds, Joseph & Jan Terje Faarlund

2024. The Immigrants’ Language Lives On. In The North Germanic Morphosyntax of Modern English, ► pp. 201 ff.

Emonds, Joseph & Jan Terje Faarlund

2024. The Hybrid Grammatical Lexicon of Middle English. In The North Germanic Morphosyntax of Modern English, ► pp. 155 ff.

Emonds, Joseph & Jan Terje Faarlund

2024. Morphosyntactic Properties of Old English Lacking in Old Scandinavian and Middle English. In The North Germanic Morphosyntax of Modern English, ► pp. 113 ff.

Hutson, James, Pace Ellsworth & Matt Ellsworth

2024. Preserving Linguistic Diversity in the Digital Age: A Scalable Model for Cultural Heritage Continuity. Journal of Contemporary Language Research 3:1 ► pp. 10 ff.

Sanz-Sánchez, Israel

2024. Language acquisition across the lifespan in historical sociolinguistics. In Lifespan Acquisition and Language Change [Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics, 14], ► pp. 2 ff.

Levshina, Natalia, Savithry Namboodiripad, Marc Allassonnière-Tang, Mathew Kramer, Luigi Talamo, Annemarie Verkerk, Sasha Wilmoth, Gabriela Garrido Rodriguez, Timothy Michael Gupton, Evan Kidd, Zoey Liu, Chiara Naccarato, Rachel Nordlinger, Anastasia Panova & Natalia Stoynova

2023. Why we need a gradient approach to word order. Linguistics 61:4 ► pp. 825 ff.

Cathcart, Chundra, Gerd Carling, Filip Larsson, Niklas Johansson & Erich Round

2022. Areal pressure in grammatical evolution. Diachronica ► pp. 1 ff.

Moretti, Lorenzo

2022. A multivariate analysis of causativedoand causativemakein Middle English. Linguistics Vanguard 8:1 ► pp. 165 ff.

Borges, Humberto

2021. Variação e mudança linguística na perspectiva da Gramática Gerativa. Cadernos de Linguística 2:4 ► pp. e470 ff.

Kranich, Svenja & Tine Breban

2021. Lost in Change. In Lost in Change [Studies in Language Companion Series, 218], ► pp. 1 ff.

Larrivée, Pierre

2021. An information structure scenario for V2 loss in Medieval French. Diachronica 38:2 ► pp. 189 ff.

Cole, Marcelle

2018. A native origin for Present-Day Englishthey, their, them. Diachronica 35:2 ► pp. 165 ff.

COLE, MARCELLE

2019. Subject and adjacency effects in the Old Northumbrian gloss to theLindisfarne Gospels. English Language and Linguistics 23:1 ► pp. 131 ff.

Cichosz, Anna

2017. Inversion after Clause-Initial Adverbs in Old English: The Special Status ofþa,þonne,nu, andswa. Journal of English Linguistics 45:4 ► pp. 308 ff.

Cichosz, Anna

2018. The V-2 rule in Old English conjunct clauses. Folia Linguistica 52:s39-s2 ► pp. 253 ff.

KOIKE, KOJI

2017. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEGATIVE-INITIAL CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH. ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 33:2 ► pp. 307 ff.

Koleva, Mariya, Melissa Farasyn, Bart Desmet, Anne Breitbarth & Véronique Hoste

2017. An automatic part-of-speech tagger for Middle Low German. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 22:1 ► pp. 107 ff.

Postma, Gertjan

2017. Chapter 10. The rise and fall of the passive auxiliary weorðan in the history of English. In Word Order Change in Acquisition and Language Contact [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 243], ► pp. 213 ff.

Chandra, Pritha

2016. Feature values and the expression of variation. In Biolinguistic Investigations on the Language Faculty [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 235], ► pp. 103 ff.

Comeau, Philip

2016. An extension of the comparative sociolinguistics approach for sociosyntax. Linguistic Variation 16:2 ► pp. 183 ff.

Haeberli, Eric & Tabea Ihsane

2016. Revisiting the loss of verb movement in the history of English. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 34:2 ► pp. 497 ff.

King, Ruth

2013. Morphosyntactic Variation. In The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ► pp. 445 ff.

Lutz, Angelika

2012. Language contact in the Scandinavian period. In The Oxford Handbook of the History of English, ► pp. 508 ff.

Wagner, Suzanne Evans

2012. Age Grading in Sociolinguistic Theory. Language and Linguistics Compass 6:6 ► pp. 371 ff.

Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur & Sigrún Helgadóttir

2011. Morphosyntactic Tagging of Old Icelandic Texts and Its Use in Studying Syntactic Variation and Change. In Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, ► pp. 63 ff.

DeGraff, Michel

2009. Language Acquisition in Creolization and, Thus, Language Change: Some Cartesian‐ Uniformitarian Boundary Conditions. Language and Linguistics Compass 3:4 ► pp. 888 ff.

LOS, BETTELOU

2009. The consequences of the loss of verb-second in English: information structure and syntax in interaction. English Language and Linguistics 13:1 ► pp. 97 ff.

Los, Bettelou

2025. Historical Syntax. In The New Cambridge History of the English Language, ► pp. 545 ff.

Bernstein, Judy B.

2008. The Expression of Third Person in Older and Contemporary Varieties of English. English Studies 89:5 ► pp. 571 ff.

Gergel, Remus

2008. Comparative inversion: a diachronic study. The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 11:3 ► pp. 191 ff.

Ingham, Richard

2008. The grammar of later medieval French: an initial exploration of the Anglo Norman Dictionary textbase. Corpus :7

Musgrave, Simon

2006. Complex Emotion Predicates in Eastern Indonesia: Evidence for Language Contact?. In Linguistic Areas, ► pp. 227 ff.

[no author supplied]

2003. Bibliography. In The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, ► pp. 744 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. 4. A variationist study of -s/-ð present-tense markings in late Old Northumbrian. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 87 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. List of tables. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. xv ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25],

[no author supplied]

2014. 3. A Diachronic overview of the (Northern) Subject Rule. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 35 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. References. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 219 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. Acknowledgements. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. xi ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. 2. Old Northumbrian. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 7 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. Appendices. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 235 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. 5. Reduced verbal morphology in late Old Northumbrian. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 159 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. 7. Conclusions. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 215 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. Abbreviations. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. xvii ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. 6. Explaining subject and adjacency effects. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 195 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. 1. Introduction. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 1 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. Index. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. 283 ff.

[no author supplied]

2014. List of figures. In Old Northumbrian Verbal Morphosyntax and the (Northern) Subject Rule [NOWELE Supplement Series, 25], ► pp. xiii ff.

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