Cover not available

In:Emotion in Language: Theory – research – application
Edited by Ulrike M. Lüdtke
[Consciousness & Emotion Book Series 10] 2015
► pp. 367–398

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
authorization required

Mood, aphasia, and affective language comprehension

Published online: 16 December 2015
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/ceb.10.19hie
Understanding the emotional content in the words of others and reacting in an adequate way are basic human competences. This article deals with some of the multiple facets of language comprehension and inferences on protagonists’ emotions depending on mood and neuropsychological factors. The first section asks how moods color our understanding of other people’s emotion expressions, thereby influencing communicative behavior. The second section discusses neuropsychological foundations of emotion perception. Lesions in each hemisphere influence this competence in different aspects. Results from reading tasks will present the specific problems of mild aphasia vs. right hemispheric lesions showing different error patterns to infer the emotional content from small texts. Consequences for patients’ communication strategies and emotive alignment are discussed.
References (123)
References
Abeni, Ivo, Verhey, Frans, Honig, Adriaan, Lodder, Jan, Lousberg, Richel and Maes, Michael. 2001. “Research into the specificity of depression after stroke.” Progress in Neurology, Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 25 (4): 671–689. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Alloy, Lauren B. and Abramson, Lyn Y. 1979. “Judgement of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 108: 441–485. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1988. “Depressive realism: Four theoretical perspectives.” In Cognitive Processes in Depression, Lauren B. Alloy (ed.), 223–265. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Allen, Lorraine G., Siegel, Shepard and Hannah, Samuel. 2007. “The sad truth about depressive realism.” The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60 (3): 482–495. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Alpers, George W., Mühlberger, Andreas and Pauli, Paul. 2009. “Psychophysiologie der Emotionen.” In Handbuch der Allgemeinen Psychologie – Motivation und Emotion, Veronika Brandstätter and Jürgen H. Otto (eds), 412–421. Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Banse, Rainer and Scherer, Klaus. 1996. “Acoustic profiles in vocal emotion expression.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 (3): 614–636. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beck, Aaron T. 2005. “The current state of cognitive therapy.” Archives of General Psychiatry 62 (9): 953–959. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beck, Aaron T., Rush, A. John, Shaw, Brian F. and Emery, Gary. 1979. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beeman, Mark J. 1993. “Semantic processing in the right hemisphere may contribute to drawing inferences during comprehension.” Brain and Language 44: 80–120. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1998. “Coarse semantic coding and discourse comprehension.” In Right Hemisphere Language Comprehension: Perspectives from Cognitive Neuroscience, Mark Beeman and Christine Chiarello (eds), 225–284. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beeman, Mark J., Bowden, Edward M. and Gernsbacher, M. Anne. 2000. “Right and left hemisphere cooperation for drawing predictive and coherence inferences during normal story comprehension.” Brain and Language 71: 310–336. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Blonder, Lee X., Bowers, Dawn and Heilman, Kenneth. 1991. “The role of the right hemisphere in emotional communication.” Brain 114: 1115–1127. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boesel, Rainer. 2009s. “Neuropsychologie.” In Handbuch der Allgemeinen Psychologie – Motivation und Emotion, Veronika Brandstätter and Jürgen H. Otto (eds), 473–481. Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boles, David B. and Pasquarette, Stephen J. 1996. “Correlated auditory asymmetries in lexical and nonlexical tasks.” Cortex 32: 537–545. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Borod, Joan C. 1992. “Interhemispheric and intrahemispheric control of emotion.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 60: 339–348. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1993. “Cerebral mechanisms of facial, prosodic, and lexical emotional expression: A review of neuropsychological studies and methodological issues.” Neuropsychology 7: 445–463. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Borod, Joan C., Bloom, Rita L. and Haywood, Cornelia S. 1998. “Verbal aspects of emotional communication.” In Right Hemisphere Language Comprehension: Perspectives from Cognitive Neuroscience, Mark Beeman and Christine Chiarello (eds), 285–307. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Borod, Joan C., Cicero, Barbara A., Obler, Lorraine K., Welkowitz, Joan, Erhan, Hulya M., Santschi, Cornelia, Grunwald, Ilana S., Agosti, Reto M. and Whalen, John R. 1998. “Right hemisphere emotional perception: Evidence across multiple channels.” Neuropsychology 12 (3): 446–458. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bower, Gordon H. 1981. “Mood and Memory.” American Psychologist 36: 129–148. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1987. “Commentary on mood and memory.” Invited essay. Behaviour Research and Therapy 25: 443–455. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bower, Gordon H. and Morrow, Daniel G. 1990. “Mental models in narrative comprehension.” Science 247: 44–48. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brandstätter, Veronika and Otto, Jürgen H. 2009. Handbuch der Allgemeinen Psychologie – Motivation und Emotion. Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Breitenstein, Caterina, Daum, Ingo, Ackermann, Hermann, Lütgehetmann, Ralph and Müller, Erich. 1996. “Erfassung der Emotionswahrnehmung bei zentralnervösen Läsionen und Erkrankungen: Psychometrische Gütekriterien der ‘Tübinger Affekt Batterie’.” Neurologie & Rehabilitation 2: 93–101.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brosch, Tobias and Scherer, Klaus. 2009. “Komponenten-Prozess-Modell – ein integratives Emotionsmodell.” In Handbuch der Allgemeinen Psychologie – Motivation und Emotion, Veronika Brandstätter and Jürgen H. Otto (eds), 446–456. Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brownell, Hiram H. 1988. “Appreciation of metaphoric and connotative word meaning by brain-damaged patients.” In Right Hemisphere Contributions to Lexical Semantics, Christine Chiarello (ed.), 19–32. Heidelberg: Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brownell, Hiram H. and Martino, Gail. 1998. “Deficits in inference and social cognition.” In Right Hemisphere Language Comprehension, Mark Beeman and Christine Chiarello (eds), 309–328. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Buck, Ross. 1999. “The biological affects: A typology.” Psychological Review 106: 301–336. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2007. “The evolutionary bases of social and moral emotions: Dominance, submission, and true love.” In The Evolution of the Social Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and Social Cognition, Joseph P. Forgas, Martie Haselton and William von Hippel (eds), 89–106. Hove: Psychology Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Canli, Turhan, Desmond, John E., Zhao, Zuo, Glover, Gary and Gabrieli, John D.E. 1998. “Hemispheric asymmetry for emotional stimuli detected with fMRI.” NeuroReport 9: 3233–3239. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chepenik, Lara G., Cornew, Lauren A. and Farah, Martha J. 2007. “The influence of sad mood on cognition.” Emotion 2 (4): 802–811. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Clore, Gerald L. and Ortony, Andrew. 2008. “Appraisal theories: How cognition shapes affect into emotion.” In Handbook of Emotions, 3rd ed., Michael Lewis, Jeanette Haviland-Jones and Lisa Feldman Barrett (eds), 628–642. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Davidson, Richard J. 1995. “Cerebral asymmetry, emotion and affective style.” In Brain Asymmetry, Richard J. Davidson and Kenneth Hugdahl (eds), 361–387. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Doehring, Donald G. and Peck Swisher, Linda. 1972. “Disturbances of connotative meaning in aphasia.” Journal of Communication Disorders 5: 251–258. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Duda, Peter D. and Brown, Julie. 1984. “Lateral asymmetry of positive and negative emotions.” Cortex 20: 253–261. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Duwe, Ingo and Claußen, Holger. 1995. “Eine psychologische Experimentalsteuerung für DOS-PC’s: PESt 1.1.” Technical Report 5, Universität Bielefeld, SFB 360.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ekman, Paul. 1999. “Basic emotions.” In Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, Tim Dalgleish and Mick Power (eds), 45–60. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ferstl, Evelyn C., Rinck, Mike and von Cramon, D. Yves. 2005. “Emotional and temporal aspects of situation model processing during text comprehension: An event-related fMRI study.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17 (5): 724–739. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ferstl, Evelyn C. and von Cramon, D. Yves. 2007. “Time, space and emotion: fMRI reveals content-specific activation during text comprehension.” Neuroscience Letters 427 (3): 159–164. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fiehler, Reinhard. 1990. Kommunikation und Emotion. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fischer, Kurt W., Shaver, Phillip R. and Carnochan, Peter. 1990. “How emotions develop and how they organise development.” Cognition and Emotion 4: 81–127. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gainotti, Guido. 1999. “Neuropsychology of emotion.” In Handbook of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Gianfranco Denes and Luigi Pizzamiglio (eds), 613–633. London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gardner, Howard and Denes, Gianfranco. 1973. “Connotative judgements by aphasic patients on a pictorial adaptation of the semantic differential.” Cortex 9: 183–196. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gasquoine, Philip Gerard. 2014. “Contributions of the insula to cognition and emotion.” Neuropsychology Review. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
George, Marc S., Parekh, Priti I., Rosinsky, Ned, Ketter, Terence A., Kimbrell, Tim A., Heilman, Kenneth M., Herscovitch, Peter and Post, Robert M. 1996. “Understanding emotional prosody activates right hemisphere regions.” Archieves of Neurology 53: 665–670. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gernsbacher, Morton Ann. 1995. “The structure-building framework: What it is, what it might also be, and why.” In Models of Text Understanding, Bruce K. Britton and Arthur C. Graesser (eds), 289–311. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gernsbacher, Morton Ann, Goldsmith, H. Hill and Robertson, Rachel R.W. 1992. “Do readers mentally represent characters’ emotional states?” Cognition and Emotion 6: 89–111. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gilligan, S.G. and Bower, Gordon H. 1994. “Cognitive consequences of emotional arousal.” In C. Izard, J. Kagan, and R. Zajonc (eds), Emotion, cognition & behavior (pp. 547–588). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Glenberg, Arthur, Webster, Bryan, Mouilso, Emily, Havas, David and Lindemann, Lisa M. 2009. “Gender, emotion, and the embodiment of language comprehension.” Emotion Review 1: 151–161. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goldstein, Kurt. 1939. The Organism: A Holistic Approach to Biology, Derived from Pathological Data in Man. New York: American Books. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gygax, Pascal, Tapiero, Isabelle and Carruzzo, Emmanuelle. 2007. “Emotion inferences during reading comprehension: What evidence can the self-pace reading paradigm provide?” Discourse Processes 44: 33–50. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hartley, Laurence, Ireland, L.K., Arnold, Pauline K. and Spencer, Jennifer. 1991. “Chlorpromazine and the lateralisation of the perception of emotion.” Pysiology & Behavior 50: 881–885. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hatfield, Elaine, Cacioppo, John T. and Rapson, Richard L. 1994. Emotional Contagion. Studies in Emotion and Social Interaction. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heilman, Kenneth M. 2014. “Disorders of emotional communication.” In The Behavioral Consequences of Stroke, Tom A. Schweizer and R. Loch MacDonald (eds), 119–133. Heidelberg: Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hess, Ursula and Kirouac, Gilles. 2000. “Emotion expression in groups.” In Handbook of Emotions, (2nd ed.), Michael Lewis and Jeanette M. Haviland-Jones (eds), 368–381. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hielscher, Martina. 1996. Emotion und Textverstehen. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hielscher-Fastabend, Martina. 2001. Emotionskonzepte und Prozesse Emotionaler Sprachverarbeitung. Habilitationsschrift, Universität Bielefeld.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2003. “Sprachrezeption und affektive Bewertung.” In HSK Psycholinguistik. Ein Internationales Handbuch, Werner Deutsch, Gert Rickheit and Theo Herrmann (eds), 677–706. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2004. “Comprehension of emotional information in patients with aphasia.” Folia Phoniatrica 56: 14–26. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Holland, Audrey L. 1977. “Some practical considerations in aphasia rehabilitation.” In Rationale for Adult Aphasia Therapy, Michael Sullivan and Mary Kommers (eds), 167–180. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huber, Walter. 1990. “Text comprehension and production in aphasia: Analysis in terms of micro- and macroprocessing.” In Discourse Ability and Brain Damage, Yves Joanette and Hiram H. Brownell (eds), 154–179. Heidelberg: Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huber, Walter, PoeckM, Klaus, Weniger, Dorothea and Willmes, Klaus. 1983. Aachener AphasieTest. Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hülshoff, Thomas. 1999. Emotionen. München: Ernst Reinhardt.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ingram, Rick E. 1984. “Toward an information-processing analysis of depression.” Cognitive Therapy and Research 8: 443–478. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ingram, Rick E. and Ritter, Jennifer. 2000. “Vulnerability to depression. Cognitive reactivity parental bonding in high-risk individuals.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109 (4): 588–596. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Isen, Alice M. 1984. “Toward understanding the role of affect in cognition.” In Handbook of Social Cognition, Robert Wyer and Thomas Srull (eds), 179–236. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1999. “Positive affect.” In Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, Tim Dalgleish and Mick J. Power (eds), 521–540. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2001. “An influence of positive affect on decision making in complex situations: Theoretical issues with practical implications.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 11 (2): 75–85. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2008. “Some ways in which positive affect influences decision making and problem solving.” In Handbook of Emotions, 3rd ed., Michael Lewis, Jeannette M. Haviland-Jones and Lisa Feldman Barrett (eds), 548–573. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jaecks, Petra, Damm, Oliver, Hielscher-Fastabend, Martina, Malchus, Karoline, Stenneken, Prisca and Wrede, Britta. 2013. “What is the link between emotional and communicative alignment in interaction?” In Alignment in Communication: Towards a New Theory of Communication, Ipke Wachsmuth, Jan de Ruiter, Petra Jaecks and Stefan Kopp (eds), 205–224. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jansari, Antoine, Tranel, Daniel and Adolphs, Ralph. 2000. “A valence-specific lateral bias for discriminating emotional facial expressions in free field.” Cognition and Emotion 14: 341–353. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Johnson, Björn H. and Hugdahl, Kenneth. 1993. “Right hemisphere representation of autonomic conditioning to facial emotional experessions.” Psychophysiology 30: 274–278. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kensinger, Elizabeth A. and Schacter, Daniel L. 2008. “Memory and emotion.” In Handbook of Emotions, (3rd ed.), Michael Lewis and Jeanette M. Haviland-Jones (eds), 159–179. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Killgore, William D.S. and Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah A. 2014. “The right-hemisphere and valence hypotheses: Could they both be right (and sometimes left)?” SCAN 2: 240–250.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kintsch, Walter. 1988. “The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: A construction-integration model.” Psychological Review 95: 163–182. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kotz, Sonja A., Meyer, Martin, Alter, Kai, Besson, Mireille, von Cramon, D. Yves and Friederici, Angela D. 2003. “On the lateralization of emotional prosody: An event-related functional MR investigation.” Brain and Language 86: 376–386. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kousta, Stavroula-Thaleia, Vigliocco, Gabriella, Vinson, David P., Andrews, Mark and Del Campo, Elena. 2011. “The representation of abstract words: Why emotion matters.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 140: 14–34. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Larsen, Jeff T., Berntson, Gary G., Poehlmann, Kirsten M., Ito, Tiffany A. and Caccioppo, John T. 2008. “The psychophysiology of emotion.” In Handbook of Emotions, (3rd ed.), Michael Lewis, Jeanette M. Haviland-Jones and Lisa Feldman Barrett (eds), 47–67. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
LeDoux, Joseph. 1994. “Emotion, memory and the brain.” Scientific American 1994 June, 32–39.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1998. The Emotional Brain. London: Phoenix.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
LeDoux, Joseph and Phelps, Elizabeth. 2000. “Emotional Network in the Brain.” In Handbook of Emotions, (2nd ed.), Michael Lewis and Jeanette M. Haviland-Jones (eds), 157–172. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
LeDoux, Joseph and Phelps, Elizabeth A. 2008. “Emotional Network in the Brain.” In Handbook of Emotions, (3rd ed.), Michael Lewis and Jeanette M. Haviland-Jones (eds), 159–179. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Leventhal, Howard and Scherer, Klaus R. 1987. “The relationship of emotion to cognition: A functional approach to a semantic controversy.” Cognition and Emotion 1: 3–28. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ley, Robert G. and Bryden, M. Philip. 1982. “A dissociation of right and left hemispheric effects for recognizing emotional tone and verbal content.” Brain and Cognition 1: 3–9. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
MacLean, Paul. 1949. “Psychosomatic disease and the ‘visceral brain’: Recent developments bearing on the Papez theory of emotion.” Psychosomatic Medicine 11: 338–353. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1952. “Some psychiatric implications of physiological studies on frontotemporal portion of limbic system (visceral brain).” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 4: 407–418. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Massaro, Dominic W. and Egan, Peter B. 1996. “Perceiving affect from the voice and the face.” Psychonomic Bulletin Review 3: 215–221. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Molinari Marotto, Carlos, Barreyro, Juan Pablo, Cevasco, Jazmin and van den Broek, Paul. 2011. “Generation of emotional inferences during text comprehension: Behavioral data and implementation through the Landscape Model.” Escritos de Psicologia 4 (1): 9–17. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mitchell, Rachel L.C. and Phillips, Louise H. 2007. “The psychological, neurochemical and functional neuroanatomical mediators of the effects of positive and negative mood on executive functions.” Neuropsychologia 45: 617–629. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Morris, William N. 1989. Mood. The Frame of Mind. Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Morrow, Daniel G., Greenspan, Steven L. and Bower, Gordon H. 1987. “Accessibility and situation models in narrative comprehension.” Memory Language 26: 165–187. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Niedenthal, Paula M. 2008. “Emotion concepts.” In Handbook of Emotions, (3rd ed.), Michael Lewis, Jeanette Haviland-Jones and Lisa Feldman Barrett (eds), 587–600. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Niedenthal, Paula M. and Barsalou, Lawrence W. 2009. “Embodiment.” In The Oxford Companion to Emotion and the Affective Sciences, David Sander and Klaus R. Scherer (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Panksepp, Jaak. 2000. “Emotions as natural kinds within the mammalian brain.” In Handbook of Emotions, (2nd ed.), Michael Lewis and Jeanette M. Haviland-Jones (eds), 137–156. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Parkinson, Brian, Totterdell, Peter, Briner, Rob B. and Reynolds, Shirley. 2000. Stimmungen. Struktur, Dynamik und Beeinflussung eines Psychologischen Phänomens. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Perlman Lorch, Marjorie, Borod, Joan C. and Koff, Elissa. 1998. “The role of emotion in the linguistic and pragmatic aspects of aphasic performance.” Journal of Neurolinguistics 11 (1–2): 103–118. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Phillips, Louise H., Bull, Rebecca, Adams, Ewan and Fraser, Lisa. 2002. “Positive mood and executive function: Evidence from stroop and fluency tasks.” Emotion 2 (1): 12–22. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pickering, Martin J. and Garrod, Simon. 2004. “Toward a mechanistic psychology of dialogue.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27: 169–190. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Plutchik, Robert. 1980. Emotion: A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Power, Mick J. 1999. “Sadness and its disorders.” In Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, Tim Dalgleish and Mick J. Power (eds), 497–519. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pulvermüller, Friedemann. 2013. “How neurons make meaning: Brain mechanisms for embodied and abstract-symbolic semantics.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7 (9): 458–470. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pulvermüller, Friedemann, Kherif, Ferath, Hauk, Olaf, Mohr, Bettina and Nimmo-Smith, Ian. 2009. “Distributed cell assemblies for general lexical and category-specific semantic processing as revealed by fMRI cluster analysis.” Human Brain Mapping 30 (12): 3837–3850. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Reisenzein, Rainer. 2009. “Theoretische Ansätze der Emotionspsychologie: Einschätzung.” In Handbuch der Allgemeinen Psychologie – Motivation und Emotion, Veronika Brandstätter and Jürgen H. Otto (eds), 435–445. Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Robinson, Robert G. and Forrester, Alfred W. 1993. “Neuropsychiatrische Aspekte der zerebrovaskulären Erkrankungen.” In Handbuch der Neuropsychiatrie, Robert E. Hales and Stuart Yudofsky (eds), 244–268. Weinheim: Beltz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rodway, Helen, Llanos, Susana, Rowe, Janice and Peters, Gordon. 2004. “Stability of nucleolar versus non-nucleolar forms of human.” Oncogene 23: 6186–6192. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ross, Eliott D., Homan, Richard W. and Buck, Ross. 1994. “Differential hemispheric lateralization of primary and social emotions.” Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology 7: 1–19.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ross, Elliot D., Prodan, Calin I. and Monnot, Marilee. 2007. “Human facial expressions are organized functionally across the upper-lower facial axis.” Neuroscientist 13 (5): 433–46.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schlanger, Bernard B. 1976. “The perception of emotionally toned sentences by right-hemisphere-damaged and aphasic subjects.” Brain and Language 3 (3): 396–403. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schwarz, Manuela. 1999. Die Verarbeitung sprachlich-emotionaler Information bei Patienten mit erworbener Hirnschädigung. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Scherer, Klaus R. 1993. “Studying the emotion-antecedent appraisal process: An expert system approach.” Cognition and Emotion 7: 325–355. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1999. “Appraisal theory.” In Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, Tim Dalgleish and Mick J. Power (eds), 637–663. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schmitt, Joachim J., Hartje, Wolfgang and Willmes, Klaus. 1997. “Hemispheric asymmetry in the recognition of emotional attitude conveyed by facial expression, prosody and propositional speech.” Cortex 33: 65–81. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Shaver, Phillip R., Schwartz, Judith C., Kirson, Donald and O’Connor, Cary. 1987. “Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52: 1061–1086. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Singer, Jefferson A. and Salovey, Peter. 1988. “Mood and memory. Evaluating the network theory of affect.” Clinical Psychology Review 8: 211–251. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Stein, Nancy, Hernandez, Marc W. and Trabasso, Tom. 2008. “A goal appraisal theory of emotional understanding: Implications for developement and learning.” In Handbook of Emotions, (3rd ed.), Michael Lewis, Jeanette M. Haviland-Jones and Lisa Feldman Barrett (eds), 47–67. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Swithenby, Steve J., Bailey, Anthony J., Bräutigam, Sven, Josephs, O.E., Jousmäki, Veikko and Tesche, Claudia D. 1998. “Neural processing of human faces.” Experimental Brain Research 11: 501–510. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Teasdale, John D., Howard, Robert J, Cox, Sally G., Ha, Yvonne, Brammer, Michael J., Williams, Steven C.R. and Checkley, Stuart A. 1999. “Functional MRI study of the cognitive generation of affect.” American Journal of Psychiatry 156: 209–215.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tompkins, Conny A., Baumgaertner, Annette, Lehman, Margaret T. and Fassbinder, Wiltrud. 2000. “Mechanisms of discourse comprehension impairment after right hemisphere brain damage.” Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 43: 62–78. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tucker, Don M., Derryberry, Douglas and Luu, Phan. 2000. “Anatomy and physiology of human emotion: Vertical integration of brain stem, limbic, and cortical systems.” In The Neuropsychology of Emotion, Joan C. Borod (ed.), 56–79. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van Lancker, Diana. 1997. “Rags to riches: Our increasing appreciation of cognitive and communicative abilities of the right cerebral hemisphere.” Brain and Language 57: 1–11. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van Zerssen, Detlev. 1975. Die Befindlichkeits-Skala. Weinheim: Beltz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vigliocco, Gabriela, Kousta, Stavroula-Thaleia, Della Rosa, Pasquale Anthony, Vinson, David P., Tettamanti, Marco, Devlin, Joseph T. and Cappa, Stefano F. 2013. “The neural representation of abstract words: The role of emotion.” Cerebral Cortex. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zhang, Jinlu, Yang, Xiaohong and Yang, Yufang. 2013. “How do emotional cues modulate readers’ perception of emotional arousal during text comprehension: An ERP study.” In Advances in Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems. 6th International Conference BICS 2013, Derong Liu, et al. (eds), 21–29. Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zaidel, Eran, Zaidel, Dahlia W. and Bogen, Joseph E. 1999. ”The split brain.” In Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, (2nd ed.), George Adelman and Barry Smith (eds), 1027–1032. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue