In:Multimodal Communication from a Construction Grammar Perspective
Edited by Kiki Nikiforidou and Mirjam Fried
[Constructional Approaches to Language 38] 2025
► pp. 285–312
Pragmatic and prosodic aspects of the negative directive ðe mu les? (‘tell me’) in Greek conversation
Published online: 16 January 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.38.09alv
https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.38.09alv
Abstract
This study examines the pragmatic and prosodic aspects of the Greek negative directive ðe
mu les? (neg pn.1sg.gen say.2sg.prs) ‘tell me’ (lit. ‘don’t you tell me?’),
bringing together conversation-analytic informed Interactional Linguistics and Construction Grammar, and drawing on
naturally occurring data from audio-recorded conversations and telephone calls. It is shown that the negative
directive ðe mu les? construction is used as a discourse marker that signals disjunctive topic change
and displays specific prosodic properties, which are partly inherited from polar interrogatives and offer frames for
the interpretation of the construction in talk-in-interaction. The study enhances our understanding of the ways in
which prosody pairs with constructions and contributes to action formation.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Polar interrogatives in Greek
- 2.1The structural and semantic/pragmatic profile of ðe mu les?
- 3.Data and method
- 4.The negative directive ðe mu les?
- 4.1A question-based discourse marker for managing topic
- 5.Prosodic aspects of the negative directive construction: Putting the puzzle together
- 6.What can we conclude?
Notes References Appendix
References (73)
Alvanoudi, A. (2018). Ερωτήσεις ολικής άγνοιας στην ελληνική: Μορφές και
λειτουργίες [Polar questions: Forms and
functions]. In Th.-S. Pavlidou (Ed.), Ερωτήσεις-απαντήσεις στην προφορική επικοινωνία [Questions and answers in Greek
talk-in-interaction] (pp. 35–59). Thessaloniki: Institute of Modern Greek Studies.
(2019). ‘May
I tell you something?’: When questions do not anticipate responses. Text &
Talk, 39(4), 563–587.
(2022). Polar
answers and epistemic stance in Greek
conversation. Pragmatics, 32(1), 1–27.
Arvaniti, A., Ladd, D. R., & Mennen, I. (2006). Phonetic
effects of focus and ‘tonal crowding’ in intonation: Evidence from Greek polar
questions. Speech
Communication, 48(6), 667–696.
Bella, S., & Moser, A. (2018). What’s
in a first? The link between impromptu invitations and their responses. Journal
of
Pragmatics, 125, 96–110.
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2019). Praat:
Doing phonetics by computer. Computer program, version 6.1.04. [URL]
Bolden, G. B. (2008). “So
what’s up?”: Using the discourse marker so to launch conversational
business. Research on Language and Social
Interaction, 41(3), 302–337.
Brinton, L. J. (2017). The
evolution of pragmatic markers in
English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Button, G., & Casey, N. (1984). Generating
the topic: The use of topic initial
elicitors. In J. M. Atkinson, & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures
of social action: Studies in conversation
analysis (pp. 167–190). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Couper-Kuhlen, E. (1996). The
prosody of repetition: On quoting and
mimicry. In E. Couper-Kuhlen, & M. Selting (Eds.), Prosody
in conversation: Interactional
studies (pp. 366–405). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2004). Prosody
and sequence organization in English
conversation. In E. Couper-Kuhlen, & C. E. Ford (Eds.), Sound
patterns in
interaction (pp. 335–376). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Couper-Kuhlen, E., & Selting, M. (1996). Towards
an interactional perspective on prosody and a prosodic perspective on
interaction. In E. Couper-Kuhlen, & M. Selting (Eds.), Prosody
in conversation: Interactional
studies (pp. 11–56). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2018). Interactional
linguistics: Studying language in social
interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
De Ruiter, J. P. (2012). Introduction:
Questions are what they do. In J. P. De Ruiter (Ed.), Questions:
Formal, functional and interactional
perspectives (pp. 1–7). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dixon, R. M. W. (2010). Basic
linguistic theory. Methodology.
Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Enfield, N. J., Stivers, T., & Levinson, S. C. (Eds.). (2010). Question-response
sequences in conversation across ten languages: Special issue of Journal of
Pragmatics, 42(10).
Enfield, N. J., Stivers, T., Brown, P., Englert, C., Harjunpää, K., Hayashi, M., Heinemann, T., Hoymann, G., Keisanen, T., Rauniomaa, M., Raymond, C., Rossano, F., Yoon, K.-E., Zwitserlood, I., Levinson, S. C. (2019). Polar
answers. Journal of
Linguistics, 55(2), 277–304.
Fillmore, C. J. (1989). Grammatical
construction theory and the familiar
dichotomies. In R. Dietrich, & C. F. Graumann (Eds.), Language
processing in social
context (pp. 17–38). Amsterdam: North-Holland/Elsevier.
(2010). Beyond
the sentence: Constructions, frames and spoken interaction. Constructions and
Frames, 2(2), 185–207.
Freese, J., & Maynard, D. W. (1998). Prosodic
features of bad news and good news in conversation. Language in
Society, 27(2), 195–219.
Fried, M., & Östman, J.-O. (2005). Construction
grammar and spoken interaction: The case of pragmatic particles. Journal of
Pragmatics, 37(11), 1752–1778.
Goldberg, A. E. (1995). Constructions:
A construction grammar approach to argument
structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gras, P., & Elvira-García, W. (2021). The
role of intonation in construction grammar: On prosodic constructions. Journal
of
Pragmatics, 180, 232–247.
Günthner, S. (2011). The
construction of emotional involvement in everyday German narratives — interactive uses of ‘dense
constructions’. Pragmatics, 21(4), 573–592.
Heritage, J. (2012). Epistemics
in action: Action formation and territories of knowledge. Research on Language
and Social
Interaction, 45(1), 1–29.
Heritage, J., & Raymond, G. (2012). Navigating
epistemic landscapes: Acquiescence, agency and resistance in responses to polar
questions. In J. P. De Ruiter (Ed.), Questions:
Formal, functional and interactional
perspectives (pp. 179–192). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Holt, E., & Drew, P. (2005). Figurative
pivots: The use of figurative expressions in pivotal topic
transitions. Research on Language and Social
Interaction, 38(1), 35–61.
Holton, D., Mackridge, P., Philippaki-Warburton, I., & Spyropoulos, V. (2012). Greek:
A comprehensive grammar. 2nd
ed. London: Routledge.
Jefferson, G. (1984a). Notes
on some orderlinesses of overlap onset. In V. D’Urso, & P. Leonardi (Eds.), Discoure
analysis and natural
rhetoric (pp. 11–38). Padua: Cleup Editore.
(1984b). On
stepwise transition from talk about a trouble to inappropriately next-positioned
matters. In J. Atkinson, & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures
of social action: Studies of conversation
analysis (pp. 191–222). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2004). Glossary
of transcript symbols with an introduction. In G. H. Lerner (Ed.), Conversation
analysis: Studies from the first
generation (pp. 13–31). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lerner, G. H. (2003). Selecting
next speaker: The context sensitive operation of a context-free
organization. Language in
Society, 32(2), 177–201.
Local, J., & Walker, G. (2012). How
phonetic features project more talk. Journal of the International Phonetic
Association, 42(3), 255–280.
Local, J., Wells, B., & Sebba, M. (1985). Phonology
for conversation: Phonetic aspects of turn delimitation in London
Jamaican. Journal of
Pragmatics, 9(2–3), 309–330.
Maschler, Y. (2009). Metalanguage
in interaction: Hebrew discourse
markers. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Nikiforidou, K., Marmaridou, S., & Mikros, G. K. (2014). What’s
in a dialogic construction? A constructional approach to polysemy and the grammar of
challenge. Cognitive
Linguistics, 25(4), 655–699.
Ogden, R. (2010). Prosodic
constructions in making complaints. In D. Barth-Weingarten, E. Reber, & M. Selting (Eds.), Prosody
in
interaction (pp. 81–104). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Pavlidou, Th.-S. (1991). Cooperation
and the choice of linguistic means: Some evidence from the use of the subjunctive in Modern
Greek. Journal of
Pragmatics, 15(1), 11–42.
(2016). Καταγράφοντας την ελληνική γλώσσα [Making a record
of the Greek
language]. Thessaloniki: Institute of Modern Greek Studies.
Pavlidou Th.-S., & Alvanoudi A. (2024). Polar
Answers: Accepting proposals in Greek telephone
calls. Pragmatics, 34(3), 447–472.
Pomerantz, A. (1980). Telling
my side: “Limited access” as a “fishing” device.” Sociological
Inquiry, 50, 186–198.
(1984). Pursuing
a response. In J. M. Atkinson, & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures
of social action: Studies in conversation
analysis (pp. 152–163). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Reber, Ε. (2012). Affectivity
in interaction: Sound objects in
English. Amsterdam: John Benjmanins.
Rhee, S. (2004). From
discourse to grammar: Grammaticalization and lexicalization of rhetorical questions in
Korean. In G. Fulton, W. J. Sullivan, & A. R. Lommel (Eds.), LACUS:
Forum XXX: Language, thought and
reality (pp. 413–423). Houston, TX: Lacus.
Riou, M. (2017). The
prosody of topic transition in interaction: Pitch register variations. Language
and
Speech 60(4), 658–678.
Robinson, J. (2013). Epistemics,
action formation and other-initiation of repair: The case of partial questioning
repeats. In M. Hayashi, G. Raymond, & J. Sidnell (Eds.), Conversational
repair and human
understanding (pp. 261–292). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schegloff, E. A. (1968). Sequencing
in conversational openings. American
Anthropologist, 70(6), 1075–1095.
(1996). Turn
organization: One intersection of grammar and
interaction. In E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff, & S. A. Thompson (Eds.), Interaction
and
grammar (pp. 52–133). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2007). Sequence
organization in interaction: A primer in conversation
analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Selting, M. (1996). Prosody
as an activity type distinctive cue in conversation: The case of so-called “astonished” questions in
repair. In E. Couper-Kuhlen, & M. Selting (Eds.), Prosody
in conversation: Interactional
studies (pp. 231–270). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2010). Prosody
in interaction: State of the art. In D. Barth-Weingarten, E. Reber, & M. Selting (Eds.), Prosody
in
interaction (pp. 3–40). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sidnell, J. (2017). Action
in interaction is conduct under a description. Language in
Society, 46(3), 313–337.
Sifianou, M. (2002). On
the telephone again! Telephone conversation openings in
Greek. In K. K. Luke, & Th.-S. Pavlidou (Eds.), Telephone
calls: Unity and diversity of conversational structure across languages and
cultures (pp. 49–85). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Stivers, T., & Hayashi, M. (2010). Transformative
answers: One way to resist a question’s constraints. Language in
Society, 39(1), 1–25.
Szczepek Reed, B. (2011). Analysing
conversation: An introduction to
prosody. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Terkourafi, M. (2010). Don’t
go V-ing in Cypriot Greek: Semantic, pragmatic, and prosodic aspects of a prohibitive
construction. Constructions and
Frames, 2(2), 208–241.
Tzitzilis, Ch. (forthcoming). Balkan
and Anatolian Sprachbund. In Ch. Tzitzilis, & G. Papanastasiou (Eds.), Language
contact in the Balkans and Asia
Minor. Thessaloniki: Institute of Modern Greek Studies.
Wide, C. (2009). Interactional
construction grammar: Contextual features of determination in dialectal
Swedish. In A. Bergs, & G. Diewald (Eds.), Contexts
and
constructions (pp. 111–142). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
