Welcome as they are, would they qualify as universals?: Probabilistic explanations in translation studies

Toury, Gideon

doi:10.1075/btl.48.03tou

In:Translation Universals: Do they exist?
Edited by Anna Mauranen and Pekka Kujamäki
[Benjamins Translation Library 48] 2004
► pp. 15–32

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Probabilistic explanations in translation studies

Welcome as they are, would they qualify as universals?

Gideon Toury

Published online: 29 January 2004

https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.48.03tou

Cited by (45)

Cited by 45 other publications

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Afzaal, Muhammad, Baorong Huang & Dina Abdel Salam El-Dakhs

2025. Decoding the digital: a corpus-based study of simplifications and other translation universals in translated texts. Frontiers in Psychology 16

Diyanati, Masoumeh & Mohammad Amouzadeh

2025. Deictic shifts and re-contextualization in translation. Pragmatics and Society 16:5 ► pp. 748 ff.

Freiwald, Jonas & Stella Neumann

2025. Re-opening the case. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies

Whyatt, Bogusława, Ewa Tomczak-Łukaszewska, Olga Witczak & Olha Lehka-Paul

2025. Readers have to work harder to understand a badly translated text: an eye-tracking study into the effects of translation errors. Perspectives 33:5 ► pp. 1085 ff.

Nakhli, Habiba

2024. The Question of Scientificity in Translation Studies. مجلة جامعة الشارقة للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية 21:2

Neumann, Stella, Elma Kerz & Arndt Heilmann

2024. Comparing contact effects in translation and second language writing. In Constraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings [Contact Language Library, 60], ► pp. 223 ff.

Castagnoli, Sara

2023. Exploring variation in student translation. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 9:1 ► pp. 96 ff.

Cipriani, Anna Maria

2023. Conclusive Remarks. In Literary Digital Stylistics in Translation Studies [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 159 ff.

Cipriani, Anna Maria

2023. Introduction to Literary Digital Stylistics in Translation Studies. In Literary Digital Stylistics in Translation Studies [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 1 ff.

Gong, Mingyu & Le Cheng

2023. Probabilistic Explanation in Legal Translation Studies. In New Advances in Legal Translation and Interpreting [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 113 ff.

Liu, Nannan

2023. Speaking in the first-person singular or plural. Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 25:2 ► pp. 239 ff.

Mendes, Amália, Deniz Zeyrek & Giedrė Oles̆kevic̆ienė

2023. Explicitness and implicitness of discourse relations in a multilingual discourse bank. Functions of Language 30:1 ► pp. 67 ff.

Xu, Han & Kanglong Liu

2023. Syntactic simplification in interpreted English: Dependency distance and direction measures. Lingua 294 ► pp. 103607 ff.

Jia, Juan, Muhammad Afzaal & Swaleha Bano Naqvi

2022. Myth or reality? Some directions on translation universals in recent corpus based case studies. Frontiers in Psychology 13

Liu, Kanglong, Zhongzhu Liu & Lei Lei

2022. Simplification in translated Chinese: An entropy-based approach. Lingua 275 ► pp. 103364 ff.

Luo, Jinru & Dechao Li

2022. Universals in machine translation?. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 27:1 ► pp. 31 ff.

Fan, Lu & Yue Jiang

2021. A syntactic dependency network approach to the study of translational language. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 36:3 ► pp. 595 ff.

Hirsch, Galia & Enora Lessinger

2021. Obscuring the speaker’s stance: when explicitating results in implicitation. Meta 65:3 ► pp. 745 ff.

Mattioli, Virginia & Karen McAuliffe

2021. A corpus-based study on opinions of advocates general of the court of justice of the European Union: changes in language and style. International Journal of Legal Discourse 6:1 ► pp. 87 ff.

Valencia Giraldo, M. Victoria, María Ángeles Recio Ariza & Gloria Corpas Pastor

2021. Über die Terminologie der Merkmale der übersetzten Sprache: Normen, Universalien oder Übersetzungsgesetze?. Lebende Sprachen 66:2 ► pp. 325 ff.

Hirsch, Galia

2020. Adequate contextual explicitation in translation. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 32:3 ► pp. 456 ff.

Lu, Sheng, Michael Carl, Xinyue Yao & Wenchao Su

2020. Predicting translation behaviorsby using Hidden Markov Model. Translation, Cognition & Behavior 3:1 ► pp. 76 ff.

Palomo Berjaga, Vanessa

2020. Translations and original. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66:6 ► pp. 973 ff.

Scarpa, Federica

2020. Theoretical Issues in Specialised Translation. In Research and Professional Practice in Specialised Translation, ► pp. 111 ff.

Casado Valenzuela, Alicia

2019. Los universales de localización. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65:5 ► pp. 678 ff.

Dashinimaeva, Polina P. & Larisa M. Orbodoeva

2019. Conceptual Content of Bi- and Polylingual’s Everyday Mind in the Framework of Translation. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences ► pp. 1 ff.

Ferraresi, Adriano, Silvia Bernardini, Maja Miličević Petrović & Marie-Aude Lefer

2019. Simplified or not Simplified? The Different Guises of Mediated English at the European Parliament. Meta 63:3 ► pp. 717 ff.

Molés-Cases, Teresa

2019. Why typology matters: a corpus-based study of explicitation and implicitation of Manner-of-motion in narrative texts. Perspectives 27:6 ► pp. 890 ff.

Carl, Michael & Moritz Schaeffer

2018. The development of the TPR-DB as Grounded Theory Method. Translation, Cognition & Behavior 1:1 ► pp. 168 ff.

Robin, Edina

2017. Translation universals revisited. FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 15:1 ► pp. 51 ff.

Halverson, Sandra L.

2015. Cognitive Translation Studies and the merging of empirical paradigms. Translation Spaces 4:2 ► pp. 310 ff.

Huang, Libo

2015. Introduction. In Style in Translation: A Corpus-Based Perspective [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 1 ff.

Li, Jingjing & Saihong Li

2015. New trends of Chinese political translation in the age of globalisation. Perspectives 23:3 ► pp. 424 ff.

Xiao, Richard & Xianyao Hu

2015. Exploring the Features of Translational Language. In Corpus-Based Studies of Translational Chinese in English-Chinese Translation [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 21 ff.

Xiao, Richard & Xianyao Hu

2015. Corpus-Based Translation Studies: An Evolving Paradigm. In Corpus-Based Studies of Translational Chinese in English-Chinese Translation [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 9 ff.

Álvarez de la Fuente, Esther & Raquel Fernández Fuertes

2015. Translation universals in the oral production of bilingual children. Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 1:1 ► pp. 49 ff.

Tully, Eric J.

2014. Translation Universals and Polygenesis: Implications for Textual Criticism. The Bible Translator 65:3 ► pp. 292 ff.

Shlesinger, Miriam & Noam Ordan

2012. Morespokenor moretranslated?. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 24:1 ► pp. 43 ff.

Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel A.

2011. The future of general tendencies in translation. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 23:1 ► pp. 3 ff.

Kruger, Haidee

2011. Preliminary norms in the selection of children's books for translation in South Africa. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 29:3 ► pp. 293 ff.

Kruger, Haidee

2011. Postcolonial Polysystems. The Translator 17:1 ► pp. 105 ff.

Brzozowski, Jerzy

2009. Le problème des stratégies du traduire*. Meta 53:4 ► pp. 765 ff.

Longa, Víctor M.

2004. A nonlinear approach to translation. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 16:2 ► pp. 201 ff.

[no author supplied]

2017. Reflections on Translation Theory [Benjamins Translation Library, 132],

[no author supplied]

2019. Preface. In A World Atlas of Translation [Benjamins Translation Library, 145], ► pp. 1 ff.

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