In:Field Research on Translation and Interpreting
Edited by Regina Rogl, Daniela Schlager and Hanna Risku
[Benjamins Translation Library 165] 2025
► pp. 251–276
Get fulltext
Chapter 11Thinking with actor-network theory to unearth the (in)visibility of translation in a journalistic setting
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
Published online: 15 May 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.165.11van
https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.165.11van
Abstract
Translation in a journalistic setting often disappears in the news production process. On the one hand, news
organisations rarely appoint translators, and on the other hand, the task of translation is typically embedded into the news workers’
daily activities. Journalists’ perception of translation as an interlingual activity also reinforces the seeming invisibility of
translation. This chapter illustrates that it is possible to shed light on less obvious instances of translation in radio station
newsrooms when thinking with Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory. Latour’s ‘travel guide’ provides a framework to trace and showcase
the human and nonhuman actors involved in translation activities, the translated products, and the multiple sources incorporated in
the news production process.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Actor-network theory as slowciological approach
- 3.Thinking with ANT to collect and analyse data
- 4.Tracing the actors, associations and connections
- 4.1Community radio in South Africa
- 4.2The written account: Data analysis and presentation
- 5.Conclusion
Notes References
References (63)
Abdallah, Kristiina. 2012. Translators
in Production Networks: Reflections on Agency, Quality and Ethics. Doctoral
dissertation. University of Eastern Finland: Joensuu.
Archetti, Christina. 2014. “Journalism
and the City: Redefining the Spaces of Foreign Correspondence.” Journalism
Studies 15 (5): 586–595.
Babbie, Earl J., and Johann Mouton. 2014. The
Practice of Social Research. 15th edition. Cape Town: Oxford University Press Southern Africa.
Bani, Sara. 2006. “An
Analysis of Press Translation
Process.” In Translation in Global News: Proceedings
of the Conference Held at the University of Warwick, ed. by Kyle Conway, and Susan Bassnett, 35–46. Coventry: Centre for Translation and Comparative Cultural Studies, University of Warwick.
Bielsa, Esperança. 2007. “Translation
in Global News
Agencies.” Target 19 (1): 135–155.
. 2022. “Introduction:
Translation and/in/of Media.” In The Routledge
Handbook of Translation and Media, ed. by Esperança Bielsa, 1–10. London: Routledge.
Bogic, Anna. 2010. “Uncovering
the Hidden Actors with the Help of Latour: The ‘Making’ of the Second
Sex.” MonTI 2: 173–192.
Bosch, Tanja. 2005. “Community
Radio in Post-Apartheid South Africa: The Case of Bush Radio in Cape
Town.” Transformation 10: 1–10. [URL]
Buzelin, Hélène. 2005. “Unexpected
Allies: How Latour’s Network Theory Could Complement Bourdieusian Analyses in Translation
Studies.” The
Translator 11 (2): 193–218.
. 2007. “Translations
‘in the Making’”. In Constructing a Sociology of
Translation, ed. by Michaela Wolf, and Alexandra Fukari, 135–170. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Callon, Michel. 1984. “Some
Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc
Bay.” The Sociological
Review 32: 196–233.
Cherchari, Elena. 2021. Sociological
Translations at Inter Press Service (IPS). Unpublished doctoral
dissertation. School of Translation and Interpreting, University of Ottawa, Canada.
Clark, Nigel. 2019. “What
Can Go Wrong When People Become Interested in the
Non-Human?” In The Routledge Companion to
Actor-Network Theory, ed. by Anders Blok, Ignacio Farías, and Celia Roberts, 158–167. London: Routledge.
Conway, Kyle. 2010. “Paradoxes
of Translation in Television News.” Media, Culture &
Society 32 (6): 979–996.
. 2014. “Vagaries
of News Translation on Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Television: Traces of
History.” Meta 59 (3): 620–635.
Davier, Lucile. 2014. “The
Paradoxical Invisibility of Translation in the Highly Multilingual Context of News
Agencies.” Global Media and
Communication 10 (1): 53–72.
Donovan, Kevin, and Jonathan Donner. 2010. “A
Note on the Availability (and Importance) of Pre-paid Mobile Data in
Africa.” In Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development (M4D2010), 10–11 November 2010, Kampala, Uganda, ed. by Jakob Svensson, and Gudrun Wicander, 263–267. Sweden: Karlstad University.
Farías, Ignacio, Anders Blok, and Celia Roberts. 2019. “Actor-Network
Theory as a Companion: An Inquiry into Intellectual
Practices.” In The Routledge Companion to
Actor-Network Theory, ed. by Anders Blok, Ignacio Farías, and Celia Roberts, xx–xxxv. London: Routledge.
Federici, Federico M. 2010. “Translations in
Italian Media: The Calipari Case and Legitimised
Texts.” In Political Discourse, Media and
Translation, ed. by Christina Schäffner, and Susan Bassnett, 116–141. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars.
Gambier, Yves. 2016. “Rapid
and Radical Changes in Translation and Translation Studies.” International
Journal of
Communication 10: 887–906.
. 2022. “Revisiting
Certain Concepts of Translation Studies Through the Study of Media
Practices.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation
and Media, ed. by Esperança Bielsa, 91–107. London: Routledge.
Govender, Anusharani. 2010. “Community
Radio in KwaZulu-Natal: An Idealised Public
Sphere.” In The Citizen in Communication: Re-Visiting
Traditional, New and Community Media Practices in South Africa, ed.
by Nathalie Hyde-Clarke, 179–200. Claremont: Juta.
Hammersley, Martyn, and Paul Atkinson. 2007. Ethnography:
Principles in Practice. 3rd
edition. London: Routledge.
Heilbron, Johan, and Gisèle Sapiro. 2007. “Outline
for a Sociology of Translation. Current Issues and Future
Prospects.” In Constructing a Sociology of
Translation, ed. by Michaela Wolf, and Alexandra Fukari, 93–107. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Hemmingway, Emma. 2008. Into
the Newsroom: Exploring the Digital Production of Regional Television
News. London: Routledge.
Inghilleri, Moira. 2003. “Habitus,
Field and Discourse: Interpreting as a Socially-Situated
Activity.” Target 15 (2): 243–268.
Janicka, Iwona. 2022. “Processes
of Translation: Bruno Latour’s Heterodox Semiotics.” Textual
Practice 37 (6): 847–866.
Kang, Ji-Hae. 2022. “The
Translating Agent in the Media: One or Many?” In The
Routledge Handbook of Translation and Media, ed. by Esperança Bielsa, 108–121. London: Routledge.
Kim, Shinhaeng. 2019. “On
‘Infra-Theory’ or ‘Infra-Language.’” Journal of Asian
Sociology 48 (3): 359–376.
Kumar, Anoop, and M. Shuaib Mohammed Haneef. 2016. “Convergence
of Technologies and Journalists: Translation of Journalistic Practices through ANT
Perspective.” Estudos em
Comunicação 22: 105–122.
Kung, Szu-Wen Cindy. 2009. “Translation
Agents and Networks, with Reference to the Translation of Taiwanese
Novels.” In Translation Research
Projects 2, ed.
by Anthony Pym, and Alexander Perekrestenko, 123–138. Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, URV.
Latour, Bruno. 1987. Science
in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
. 1996. “On
Actor-Network Theory: A Few Clarifications Plus More than a Few
Complications.” Soziale
Welt 25 (3): 369–381.
. 2005. Reassembling
the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network
Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Law, John. 2009. “Actor
Network Theory and Material Semiotics.” In The New
Blackwell Companion to Social Theory, ed. by Bryan S. Turner, 141–158. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
Luo, Wenyan. 2020. Translation
as Actor-Networking: Actors, Agencies, and Networks in the Making of Arthur Waley’s English Translation from
the Chinese ‘Journey to the
West’. London: Routledge.
Luo, Wenyan, and Binghan Zheng. 2017. “Visiting
Elements Thought to Be ‘Inactive’: Nonhuman Actors in Arthur Waley’s Translation of ‘Journey to the
West’.” Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural
Studies 4 (3): 253–265.
Mol, Annemarie. 2010. “Actor-Network
Theory: Sensitive Terms and Enduring Tensions.” Kölner Zeitschrift für
Soziologie und
Sozialpsychologie 50 (1): 253–269. [URL]
Moyo, Dumisani, and Allen Munoriyarwa. 2021. “‘Data
must Fall’: Mobile Data Pricing, Regulatory Paralysis and Citizen Action in South
Africa.” Information, Communication &
Society 24 (3): 365–380.
Nimmo, Richie. 2011. “Actor-Network
Theory and Methodology: Social Research in a More-Than-Human
World.” Methodological Innovations
Online 6 (3): 108–119.
Olorunnisola, Anthony. 2002. “Community
Radio: Participatory Communication in Postapartheid South Africa.” Journal of
Radio
Studies 9 (1): 126–145.
Osaji, Debe. 1991. “The
Place of Broadcasting Translation in Multilingual
Nigeria.” Babel 37 (1): 54–62.
Risku, Hanna, and Florian Windhager. 2013. “Extended
Translation: A Sociocognitive Research
Agenda.” Target 25 (1): 33–45.
Sayes, Edwin. 2013. “Actor-Network
Theory and Methodology: Just What Does It Mean to Say that Nonhumans Have
Agency?” Social Studies of
Science 44 (1): 134–149.
Scammell, Claire, and Esperança Bielsa. 2022. “Cross-Cultural
Engagement Through Translated News: A Reception
Analysis.” Journalism 23 (7): 1430–1448.
Schäffner, Christina, and Susan Bassnett. 2010. Political
Discourse, Media and Translation. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Simeoni, Daniel. 1998. “The
Pivotal Status of the Translator’s
Habitus.” Target 1: 1–39.
South African Advertising Research
Foundation. 2016. Community Station Summary: Station
Audience — Past 7 Days. Radio Audience Measurement
Survey, March
2016. [URL]
Stetting, Karen. 1989. “Transediting.
A New Term for Coping with a Grey Area Between Editing and
Translating.” In Proceedings from the Fourth Nordic
Conference for English Studies, ed. by Jørgen E. Nielsen, Arnt L. Jakobsen, Kirsten Haastrup, Graham Caie, Jorgen Sevaldsen, Henrik Specht, and Arne Zettersten. 371–382. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen.
Teurlings, Jan. 2013. “Unblackboxing
Production: What Media Studies Can Learn from Actor-Network
Theory.” In After the Break: Television Theory
Today, ed. by Marijke de Valck, and Jan Teurlings, 101–116. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Tsai, Claire. 2005. “Inside
the Television Newsroom: An Insider’s View of International News Translation in
Taiwan.” Language and Intercultural
Communication 5 (2): 145–153.
Tyulenev, Sergey. 2012. Applying
Luhmann to Translation Studies: Translation in
Society. London: Routledge.
van Doorslaer, Luc. 2010. “Journalism
and Translation.” In Handbook of Translation Studies,
Volume 1, ed. by Yves Gambier, and Luc van Doorslaer, 180–184. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
van Rooyen, Marlie. 2013. “Structure
and Agency in News Translation: An Application of Anthony Giddens’ Structuration
Theory.” Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language
Studies 31 (4): 495–506.
. 2019a. “Tracing
the Translation of Community Radio News in South Africa.” Unpublished doctoral
dissertation. KU Leuven.
. 2019b. “Tracing
Convergence in the Translation of Community Radio
News.” In Journalism and Translation in the Era of
Convergence, ed. by Lucile Davier, and Kyle Conway, 155–176. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
van Rooyen, Marlie, and Jacobus A. Naudé. 2009. “A
Model for the Translation of News Agency Texts (Sapa) for Radio (OFM)
News.” Communicatio: South African Journal for Communication Theory and
Research 35 (2): 251–275.
Vincent, Katharine, and Tracy Cull. 2010. “‘Ten
Seeds’: How mobiles have contributed to growth and development of women-led farming cooperatives in
Lesotho.” In Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development (M4D2010), 10–11 November 2010, Kampala, Uganda, ed. by Jakob Svensson, and Gudrun Wicander, 160–168. Sweden: Karlstad University.
