Transcription symbols and abbreviations used in this book

=

=

Latched utterances (i.e. no pause between turns)

I: 係咪呀=

W: =係

—

——

A sudden cut-off of the current sound/truncated sound

I said to him. I said—

我就說——

-,

-，

incomplete word/false start

With resp-, right, with respect.

佢話我大-，er我哋大家做個朋友

CAPITALS

楷體

A louder voice relative to the adjacent talk

OF COURSE, IT WAS?

你的，你聽我說好不好？

Focus on elements under discussion

I suggest to you

律師向你指出

::

::

Prolongation of the immediately preceding sound, indicated by the length of the row of colons

O::kay.

(3)

(3)

Length of a pause in seconds

Can you (3) can you tell the court what happened next?

(.)

(.)

A brief pause of less than a second

I (.) walked over to the suspect.

(word)

(詞)

Indistinct possible hearings

The tenant had one hand on the handle and one hand on the blade, with the sharp point (laying downwards)?

他們（在）

(xxx)

(xxx)

Inaudible utterance

用上海話麼，(xxx)就講囉

<word >

<word>

Transcriber’s description

As, as I said, <soft> Your Honour, this is what happens </soft>*.

[

[

Start of an interruption and the utterance which is interrupted

J: I suggest we take a morning break for you to [cool down.

D: [Well. OK.

…

…

Indication of an unfinished utterance or continuation of an unfinished utterance from the previous turn

DC: By the time you reached …

W: Yeah.

DC: … his brain with your surgery