In:Translation of Autobiography: Narrating self, translating the other
Susan XU Yun
[Benjamins Translation Library 136] 2017
► pp. 221–230
Index
Published online: 13 November 2017
https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.136.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.136.index
A
- Abbott 75–76, 213
- adaptation 13, 143, 207
- addressees 3, 33, 72–73, 120, 192
- addressers 72, 136
- aesthetic 22, 45, 56, 214, 216, 219
- affiliation
130, 143, 200, 219
- author’s 56, 64
- institutional165
- agency 33, 39, 71, 144, 213
- agents 4, 60, 152, 188
- aligning 34, 114, 124, 146, 152
- alignment147
- cognitive124
- emotional177
- psychological125
- alliance 23, 32
- alliteration38
- Alvstad 6, 10, 138, 213
- ambiguity 43, 51, 69, 89, 153, 192
- analysis, three-level 70–71, 82
- analytical framework147
- anaphoric references63
- Anglocentric209
- anti-imperialism mentality182
- anti-Japanese resistance 60, 197
- appositions61
- Aristotle34
- artificiality117
- Asia210
- Asian
- contexts210
- cultures 62, 198
- perspective209
- values7
- Asimakoulas 4, 213
- assertiveness 79, 116, 124
- assumed translation14
- asynchronous publication6
- attitude 76, 164, 183, 185, 202, 206
- attitudinal
185, 189, 200
- disparity194
- inconsistence 172, 185, 189, 192, 194, 200, 202, 207
- stability192
- unsteadiness192
- Attridge 27, 213
- authenticity 12, 31, 37, 45, 76, 102, 217, 219
- author
3–4, 10–12, 15–16, 24–25, 35, 43–44, 51, 56–58, 60–65, 67–68, 70–79, 90–91, 102–3, 170–72, 205–6
- ghost 26, 29, 75, 142, 164, 201
- implied see also implied author
- omniscient92
- authorial
77–78
- assertiveness57
- attitude 3, 5, 64, 149, 165, 206
- identity38
- ideological affiliation144
- narrator 77–78, 85, 88, 93, 121, 123
- persona 38, 75
- subjectivities26
- tone 44–47, 92, 109, 148–49, 152
- traits35
- authoritarianism 183, 219
- authority 25, 142–43, 209
- author-narrator distinction 76–77
- author-reader relationship 63–64, 209
- authorship 11, 24, 75–76
- autobiographer 2–3, 11–12, 24–26, 28–32, 34–35, 37, 44, 51, 55, 64, 99, 102, 160, 164, 168
- autobiographical
21, 25, 27, 32, 76, 81, 172, 215, 218
- exceptionality27
- language 16, 43–44, 64–65
- memory 31–32, 39, 54, 121, 216, 218
- realism43
- self32
- style35
- autobiographical contract 20, 25, 73, 217
- autobiographical studies 5, 30, 39, 209
- autobiography
2–8, 10–12, 16, 19–39, 41–65, 67–97, 99–102, 122–26, 132, 167–68, 172, 186–88, 200–202, 205–10, 214–19
- debunked44
- genre of 23, 39, 107, 209
- literary 24, 32, 38, 209
- minority19
- monolingual209
- national 19, 33–34
- non-literary38
- political 28–29, 33, 45, 57, 76, 209
- self-authored11
- women’s 19, 218
- awareness 16, 25, 29, 50, 136, 173–74, 176–77, 182, 189–90, 201, 208–9
- awkward
150–51, 156, 182
- constructions 156, 158, 161
- syntax159
B
- Baba Malay186
- ba-construction187
- Baker 4, 213, 215
- Bakhtin108
- Bal 69, 79, 88, 136, 213
- Banfield 4, 84, 101, 122, 125, 213
- Barros 19, 35–36, 214
- beliefs 35, 49, 51, 75, 81, 83, 91–92, 96, 99, 105, 107, 132–33, 144
- Benton 24–25, 214
- Besemeres 37, 39, 214
- bilingual
15, 130, 218
- competence70
- education 6–9, 63, 140, 142, 153, 181
- policy 7–8, 13, 78, 150–51, 200
- bilingualism 5–9, 11–15, 30, 70, 142, 144, 209
- binary opposition 9, 19–20, 27, 29, 32, 39, 41, 205, 210, 213
- biographers24
- biography 20–21, 23–25, 29, 205, 214–15, 217
- bios 30–31
- blurb 73, 75–76, 142–43
- Boase-Beier 4, 214
- Boldrini 25–26, 214
- Booth 4, 74–75, 170, 214
- Bosseaux 4–5, 214
- boulomatic106
- Boxer Rebellion 53–54, 182
- brevity 57–58, 120
- British
- colony 73, 76, 141
- culture 62, 198
- English184
- Bruner 27, 31–33, 38–39, 70, 79–80, 83, 123, 214
C
- Cambridge 55–56, 127, 213–218
- Cambridge Examination Board56
- Cambridge University 56, 126–27, 216
- camera eye 77–78, 113, 118
- canonical literature 20–21, 27, 29
- Cantonese7
- Carter and Nash 41–43, 57, 214, 219
- Chai Chong Yii 130–31, 174–75
- Chapman 42, 214
- character 33–35, 63, 67–68, 71–74, 77–80, 82–96, 101–5, 107–10, 112–19, 122–23, 130–33, 152–53, 169–70, 179–82, 206
- character’s
- attitude107
- consciousness 89, 92–93, 99–101, 107, 109, 111, 114, 116–118, 126, 129, 132, 135, 152, 202, 206–7
- characters
- fallible177
- reflector86
- Charles Dickens26
- Charlotte Brontë26
- Chatman 4, 68–69, 71–72, 75–77, 79, 82, 84, 88–91, 136, 138, 167, 170–71, 214, 217, 219
- Chesterman 13, 214
- chiasmus 37, 216
- China Institute 53–54, 57, 181–82
- Chinese
8–9, 12, 14, 59–60, 111–13, 142, 150–51, 155–57, 161–62, 173–74, 177–78, 181–82, 186–88, 190–91, 193–94
- autobiographies 2, 5, 197
- chauvinism192
- community 8, 175, 199–200
- culture 119, 149, 156, 158
- dialects 7–8
- heritage 62, 73
- language 59, 61, 73, 81, 115, 125, 127, 147–48, 150, 155, 161, 179, 182, 186, 192
- literature145
- value system 127–28
- Chinese-educated 9, 12, 128, 140
- Chinese education 8, 13, 70, 81, 140, 153, 186–88
- Chinese High 117–118
- Chinese-language education 120, 163
- Chinese-medium schools 62, 81, 85, 121, 140, 142, 145, 178, 186, 199
- Chinese school education 126, 157
- Chinese schools 81, 104, 120, 127, 140, 152, 157–58, 162–63, 188
- Chinese Singaporeans 73, 106, 122
- Chinese-speaking community 9, 160
- Chinese-stream students 119, 158
- Choon Guan School 81–82, 186–88
- circumlocution 147, 152–56, 165, 199, 207
- clause
61–62, 104, 120, 122, 125, 130, 150–51, 155
- embedded124
- material 74, 82
- mental 82, 106, 154
- relational 149, 153, 194
- relative 105, 151, 179, 182
- subordinate 62, 104, 124, 150
- verbal 119, 158
- cline 42–43, 108–10
- cognition 82, 89, 120
- cognizance 42, 118, 151
- coherence
61, 63–64, 127, 131, 133, 137, 147, 149, 156, 162, 181, 206
- adaptive32
- enhanced 64, 121
- partial 33, 64
- cohesion 47–49, 53, 61–64, 128, 137, 147, 155, 159, 187
- Cohn 20–21, 26, 28, 75–77, 85, 109–10, 167, 171–72, 193, 200, 214–15
- collectivism184
- collocation
62–63, 127, 144, 155, 158, 195, 199
- defective 153, 155–56, 158–59, 180
- colonialism34
- communist 9, 121, 155
- complex NP 160, 162, 179, 181 ; see also noun phrase
- comprehensibility 27, 29, 39, 44, 155, 205
- concurrence 202, 207
- conflation
16, 36, 65, 67, 73, 76, 172
- partial83
- perceived 73, 206
- presumed 86, 197
- conflict
76, 109, 193, 213
- inter-ethnic7
- Confucian183
- values146
- conjunction 38, 42, 54, 56, 58, 62–63, 121, 128, 130, 153, 160–61, 181, 188
- connection
33, 62, 95, 194
- inter-sentential 63, 155
- intra-sentence156
- logical 63, 195–96
- connotation
22, 71, 174
- derogatory60
- consciousness
2–3, 31–32, 86–87, 92–93, 107, 111–13, 117–21, 125–26, 130–32, 152, 154, 167–68, 184, 206–7, 214–15
see also character’s, narrator’s, translator’s consciousness
- constituting 100–101, 167–69, 184, 202
- inner 9, 62, 168
- mediating 122, 174, 179, 182, 184, 201
- merging 121, 192
- ruling 100–101, 124–25
- construction
3, 148, 150, 153, 158, 174, 195, 206, 218
- copula153
- iconic194
- modal verb79
- null-subject163
- syntactic151
- ungrammatical151
- context
16, 47–49, 53, 57, 61, 64, 102, 106, 135, 137, 147, 149, 155, 158, 210
- cultural30
- multicultural4
- contextualization149
- contextualize 5, 7, 39, 149
- contextual overdetermination 137, 156, 158
- continuum 106, 214
- control
82, 89, 116, 121, 142, 199
- author’s91
- narratorial123
- narrator’s 108, 110, 128
- convergence 114, 118
- Conway 31, 215
- Cook 46, 101, 215
- copula 152–53
- cultural
- conventions 27, 31
- identity 8, 37, 142, 174, 200
- pluralism7
- sensitivity37
- culture 12–13, 15, 20, 27, 37, 44, 47, 62–63, 137, 139, 143–44, 149, 151, 198–199
- Currie 75, 82–83, 94, 110, 185, 215
D
- Danielewicz 33, 215
- deautomatization46
- decolonization 33, 216
- deculturalization 181, 198–199
- defamiliarization 46–47, 99, 101, 104–5, 132–33, 206
- defamiliarize 91, 104–5, 114, 151
- defective punctuation 173–74, 191, 194, 197
- deictic centre
102–3, 113, 116, 118, 127
- character’s108
- empty101
- here-I-now131
- narrator’s 113, 118
- zero-point 113, 127
- deictic shifts 36, 102–4, 113, 127–28, 131
- Deictic Shift Theory. See DST
- deixis
5, 36, 92–93, 95–97, 99, 101–2, 105, 132, 169, 206, 218–19
- compositional 102, 124, 127
- person 102, 115, 124, 128, 183
- social 102, 104, 115–16, 131
- spatial 85, 95, 102, 104, 112–13, 118
- spatio-temporal84
- temporal 79, 85, 95, 102, 104, 113, 118–21, 127–28, 154, 190
- textual 102, 105, 120, 123, 130, 188
- deontic 105–7, 112, 124–25, 151
- Descriptive Translation Studies. See DTS
- desiderative 106, 120–21, 163
- deviance 41, 46, 219
- deviant
2–4, 6, 47, 49, 52, 55, 115, 119, 124, 128, 131, 135, 155–56, 163–65, 205–8
- collocations60
- lexical choices56
- deviation 35, 46–47, 83
- devices
38, 108, 132, 169, 206
- linguistic 54, 76, 90
- literary 42, 68
- dialects 7–8, 62, 111, 116, 129–30, 140, 178–80, 199
- dialogue 12, 59, 108, 177, 190
- dichotomy 42, 64, 85, 94
- didactic 33–34, 39
- diegesis 99, 108, 119, 121, 126, 167
- diegetic 79, 108, 114, 122–24, 128, 132, 167, 174
- Direct Speech. See DS
- Direct Thought. See DT
- discordance 172, 193, 197–198, 201
- discordant
- narration 167, 170–72, 185, 202, 215
- voice 167, 172, 193, 198, 200, 209
- discourse
43, 49, 68–69, 72, 101, 137, 214–15
- character’s 72, 80, 85, 118
- narrator’s 80, 85, 118, 171
- discursive presence 135, 137, 159–60, 164–65, 168, 173–74, 177, 179–80, 182, 188, 191, 200, 202, 207, 209
- distance 57, 63, 77, 85, 91, 113, 176–77
- distinction
- diegesis/mimesis108
- narrator/character80
- distinctiveness
- formal 46–47, 49–50, 52, 181
- functional 4, 45, 47, 50–52, 64
- representational47
- distortion 11, 83, 177, 184, 198, 202
- double-voiced 33, 215
- drama 21, 43, 72, 117, 217
- dramatizing131
- DS (Direct Speech) 36, 79, 85, 89–91, 93, 95–96, 105, 107–16, 118, 122, 130–31, 154, 159, 173–77, 189–90
- DST (Deictic Shift Theory) 36, 103–4, 132
- DT (Direct Thought) 108, 111, 117–118, 123, 138, 152, 159
- DTS (Descriptive Translation Studies) 138–39, 146, 165, 219
- dual audience137
- dual voices 108–9
E
- elitism 8, 56, 64, 206
- elitist purism 8–9
- embodiedness100
- emotion 14, 23, 31, 82, 89, 92, 110, 113, 120–21, 129, 178
- empathize 114, 132, 175, 180, 201
- empathy 109–10, 112, 119, 121, 126, 128–29, 131–32, 167, 172–75, 177–78, 181, 183, 185, 201, 206–8
- enacting 138, 144
- enactment 33–34
- English-educated students 117, 140
- English-language school81
- English-medium schools 62, 120, 198
- English-school students157
- English-speaking population 125, 162
- epistemic 105–7, 112, 115, 124–25, 128, 161, 190–91
- equivalence 142, 158, 177
- equivocation155
- erasure 14, 164, 181
- estrangement 93, 95–96
- ethnic Chinese 7–8, 156, 161–62, 173–74, 178–79, 181
- Eurocentric209
- Eva Hoffman37
- exceptionality 27, 29–30, 32, 39, 44, 65, 205
- exclamations 55–56, 175, 183, 191–92
- experiencing self 80–82, 84, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123
- experientiality 100, 108, 111, 114, 116–118, 127, 173, 175
F
- fable 68–69
- fabula 68–72, 80, 82, 96, 100, 103, 118, 124
- facticity 26–30, 190
- factual discrepancies 172, 182, 184–85, 187–89, 195, 197, 200, 207
- factuality 26, 54, 57, 190
- faithful 114, 160, 194
- fallible filters 90, 109, 114, 116, 129–30, 167, 170–74, 176–77, 179–80, 184, 188, 201–2, 206
- fallible filtration 109, 170–71
- FDS (Free Direct Speech) 108, 110, 127, 192
- FDT (Free Direct Thought) 108, 110, 123, 125
- fiction
19–21, 26, 28–30, 36, 43, 56, 67, 69, 94, 193, 214–16
- autodiegetic36
- fictional autobiography25
- fictionality26
- fictive autobiography 20–21, 25–26, 29, 36, 39, 80, 205
- FID (Free Indirect Discourse) 5, 92–93, 95–96, 110, 115, 123
- filter90
- first-person
- narration 73, 85, 92, 123
- narratives 79, 85, 217
- narrator 74, 77–78, 80, 87, 89, 93, 102, 132
- first-person pronoun 62–63, 78, 104, 111–13, 115, 118, 120–22, 125, 135, 153, 163
- FIS (Free Indirect Speech) 79, 85, 109–11, 114–118, 132, 191–92
- FIT (Free Indirect Thought) 109, 131–32
- Fludernik 68–70, 74, 76–78, 80, 86–88, 95, 99–102, 104, 108, 110–11, 123, 132, 168–69, 206, 215
- focalization
3, 85–88, 90, 92, 94–95, 117
- double 86–87
- external 86–88, 93
- internal 86–88, 93
- zero 86, 93
- folk psychology27
- foregrounding 2–6, 41, 45–48, 50–52, 54–56, 58–59, 61, 63–64, 114–16, 125–26, 128–29, 131–33, 156, 205–6, 219
- foregrounding analysis 16, 47, 49, 52–53, 65, 67, 99, 135, 146–47, 155, 167, 206–7
- formal distinctness152
- Fowler 3–4, 41–42, 45–47, 50–51, 54, 62, 64, 84, 88–89, 91–95, 105–6, 124, 147–50, 205, 215
- Free Direct Speech. See FDS
- Free Direct Thought. See FDT
- Free Indirect Discourse. See FID
- Free Indirect Speech. See FIS
- Free Indirect Thought. See FIT
- functional grammar 45, 49, 52, 64, 105, 215
- functional significance 2, 44, 48, 50, 53, 64, 67, 146–47, 151–52, 156, 205–6
- functions
- ideational49
- interpersonal 49, 105, 107
- self-making126
- textual49
- world-making 31–33, 41, 123, 126, 211
G
- generalizations 86, 138–39, 146
- Genette 68–69, 76, 80, 84–93, 96, 108, 123, 215
- Gengzi Indemnity 181–82
- genres
3, 16, 20–21, 24–25, 27–29, 39, 41, 44, 69, 72, 205, 217
- literary 2–3, 19, 144, 214, 218
- non-literary 19, 144
- Gentzler 6, 144, 215
- ghostwriter22
- glorify 28, 76, 155, 164
- graphe 30–31
- Gusdof 24–25, 28–29, 215
H
- habitualization 47, 59
- Hainanese7
- Hakka 73, 81, 128, 178
- Halliday and Matthiessen 45, 49–51, 64, 105–6, 120, 215
- Hallidayan Functional Grammar52
- Hamilton 21–22, 215
- Hampl and May 28, 215–16
- hanyu pinyin 10
- Harding 4, 215
- Heidt 79, 81, 215
- Hermans 3–4, 6, 42, 46, 135, 137–38, 156, 162, 165, 168, 182, 215
- heterobiography26
- histoire 68–69
- historicity 23, 28, 30, 54, 70, 80–81
- historiography 20–21, 28–29, 69, 205
- Hokkien 7, 81, 116, 129, 186
- Holden 19, 33–34, 39, 60, 197, 216
- homodiegesis86
- Howarth 28, 34–36, 216
- Huddleston 105–6, 216
- humour 112, 182
- hybridity 25, 94
- hypotactic 151, 158
- hypotaxis150
I
- I-character 36, 74, 79–83, 85–86, 96, 110, 112–16, 118, 121–22, 124, 127–33
- I-character’s
- attitude116
- belief130
- consciousness 112–13, 124, 131, 167
- discourse124
- emotion116
- feeling129
- mind117
- subjectivity 118, 120, 124
- identities
25, 31, 37, 39, 44, 77, 91, 208, 216
- author’s 20, 37
- ethnic 15, 182
- narrator’s20
- national9
- protagonist’s174
- social174
- identity crisis37
- identity theft26
- ideological
- affiliation 9, 144, 146, 160, 168, 193, 208
- alignment164
- belief 9, 128
- differences 146–47, 200
- discordance 133, 172, 185, 193, 197, 207
- evaluation 90–91
- patronage 147, 165, 207
- significance 50, 172
- unreliability 193, 196–198, 200, 202
- ideology
14–15, 75–76, 88–90, 92, 133, 143–44, 146, 185, 192–93, 197–198, 200–202, 206, 208, 210, 213–19
- author’s 88, 92
- character’s 92–93
- imperialism182
- impersonal 78, 87, 93, 142, 158
- implied author 71–72, 74–79, 82–83, 89–90, 95–96, 99–100, 110, 131–33, 136–38, 164–65, 168–72, 193, 200, 202–3, 206–10
- implied reader 31, 71–72, 74, 103, 136–37, 170
- implied translator 135–39, 141, 143–47, 149, 151, 153, 155–65, 167–69, 172–80, 184–85, 187–89, 191–92, 195–198, 201–2, 207–8
- I-narrator 36, 74, 76, 79–83, 96, 110–16, 118–19, 123–25, 128–33, 135, 167, 177–78, 180–83, 197–198, 200
- incoherence 147, 149, 155–56, 160–63, 165, 176–77, 184, 188, 195–97, 199–200, 207
- incongruities
17, 83, 109, 137, 167, 170, 185, 190, 192, 194–95, 199, 201–2, 208
- attitudinal197
- factual188
- indirect speeches 89–90, 109, 114
- individualism163
- intentionality 22, 29
- interior monologues 95–96, 110, 123, 154
- internal point of view 25, 90–91
- interpreters 15, 190
- interrogatives 57, 115–16, 118, 191–92
- intertextuality 13, 159
- intertextual relationship 12–13
- intervention 110, 115–16, 137, 158, 168, 208
- I-reflector 36, 81–82, 112
- ironize 191, 202, 206, 208–9
- irony
43, 112, 114, 126, 129–32, 167, 170–84, 188–89, 191, 195, 200–202, 206–8
- speaker-conscious 171, 177
- speaker-unconscious171
- translator-conscious 172, 188, 202
- translator-unconscious 185, 200, 208–9
J
- Japanese
59–61, 193, 195–97
- forces 59–60, 193–95
- Gakuen60
- invaders 195, 197
- language 60–61, 197
- Japanese Occupation 59–60, 140, 193–97
- Jawad 37–38, 216
- Jeffries 4, 46–49, 59, 216
- Jiang Zemin189
- journalists 5, 15, 24, 75, 139, 144–45, 162, 165, 197, 201–2, 207–8
- juxtapose 87, 110, 129
- juxtaposition 43, 78, 111, 113, 118, 124, 176, 198
K
- Kasabova 31, 216
- Kermode 27, 216
- Kiasuism199
- Kwa Geok Choo 62–63
L
- language
- formulaic64
- journalistic188
- objective 44, 53
- ordinary53
- subjective44
- Leech and Short 4–5, 41–42, 44–49, 51–52, 57–58, 62, 64, 72–73, 94, 108–10, 114–17, 119–20, 123, 216
- Lee Hsien Loong 104, 145
- Lee Kuan Yew 6–7, 10–11, 33, 73–74, 130, 141–42, 164, 216–17
- Lefevere 6, 135, 139, 143–44, 146, 165, 216–17
- legitimation 47, 59
- legitimizing34
- Lejeune 3, 20, 22–23, 25, 30, 73, 217
- levels of analysis 67–69, 71–72
- lexical
48, 53, 59, 64, 152, 157, 163
- categories 47–48, 53
- choice 181, 194
- collocation60
- features 53, 147–48, 180
- lexicon 57, 147
- Lianhe Zaobao 10–11, 213, 217
- Lim Kim San 116, 129–30, 154, 179
- lingua franca 7–8, 12
- linguistic criticism 41, 45, 50, 52–53, 64, 205, 215
- linguistic indicators of point of view 16, 67, 95–97, 99, 132, 206
- linguistic instrumentalism 8–9, 15, 56, 64, 128–29, 133, 206
- linguistic purism130
- linguistic purist 56, 61
- linguistics 3, 47, 50–51, 84, 200, 205, 213, 215, 219
- literariness 22, 26–27, 41–44, 51, 57, 59, 64, 178, 214–15
- literary criticism 19–20, 30, 36, 38, 205
- literary critics 19, 33–34, 36–39
- literary language 4, 42–44
M
- Malay 8, 12, 59, 81, 115, 150–51, 162, 186, 191–92
- Malaya 111, 162–63, 173
- Malay-medium schools 81, 85, 121, 188
- Malaysia 53–54, 116, 121, 155, 180
- Mandarin 7–8, 12, 62, 81, 104, 116, 125, 129–30, 140, 146, 150, 161, 179–80, 186, 199
- Mandel 26, 44, 217
- manipulation
31, 88, 143, 160, 178, 201, 217
- school144
- translator’s 160, 164, 184
- Marcus 25, 217
- marginalization 8, 121
- matriarch187
- matriarchy 185, 188
- McIntyre 4, 46–49, 59, 86, 89, 102–3, 216–17
- mediation
108, 114, 121–23, 129–30
- narratorial 96, 99, 108
- narrator’s 87, 100, 104–5, 108, 119–21
- third-party12
- translator’s 169, 208
- memoirs 5–6, 9–10, 14, 20–23, 28, 34, 39, 184, 194, 215–16
- memories 31–32, 38, 58, 215, 218
- metaphors 43, 59, 93, 103, 141, 149, 152–53, 163, 199
- Millán-Varela 4–5, 136–37, 217
- Milne and Mauzy 183, 197, 200, 217
- mimesis 99, 108, 111–14, 118, 126, 167
- mimesis within diegesis 126, 129, 131–32, 206
- mimetic
- effect 79, 107, 109, 111, 113–16, 118, 124–25, 130–32
- quality 108, 112–13, 125, 127, 131, 167, 174, 176–77, 189
- mind style 90, 92, 95, 218
- misreading 194–95
- mistranslation 195, 197, 208
- modal auxiliaries 115, 118, 190
- modality 5, 51, 78–79, 92–97, 99, 101, 105–7, 112, 114–15, 124, 132, 169, 189, 206
- modalization105
- modes
- authorial narrator’s78
- narrator-centred128
- reflector-character81
- teller-character81
- monologues intérieur90
- monosemic 42–43, 53–54
- monosemy44
- Morini 4, 36, 38–39, 81, 217
- mother tongues 2, 7–8, 73, 141, 150–51, 162, 198–200
- Mousley 37, 217
- mouthpiece 79, 110, 171
- Mukařovský45
- multilingual 4, 14
- Munday 4, 138, 217
- mystifications31
- mystify 191, 201
N
- Nantah 7, 9, 12, 119, 122, 149, 156–57, 159–60, 163, 174
- Nanyang University 12–13, 70, 142, 149, 157, 162, 164
- naratologists136
- Narcissism23
- narratee 71–72, 103, 136, 170
- narrating 68–69, 80, 94, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121
- narrating self 80–82, 84, 96, 109
- narration 89–91, 93, 117, 119–20, 122–23, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 167, 169, 189, 191, 197–201
- narrative-communicative situation 16, 51, 67, 71–72, 74, 83, 100, 103, 121, 133, 135–36, 138, 206, 209, 211
- narrative psychology 20, 30, 205
- Narrative Report of Actions. See NRA
- Narrative Report of Speech Acts. See NRSA
- Narrative Report of Thought. See NRT
- Narrative Report of Thought Acts. See NRTA
- narrative situation
71, 74, 77, 83, 86, 110, 121, 127–28, 131, 133, 136–37, 160, 170, 172, 208
- hypothetical 83, 96, 169
- narrative structure 67–71, 80, 96, 100
- narrative text 68–72, 82, 91, 96, 103
- narrativity100
- narrativization 99–101, 104–5, 132, 206
- narratologist 33, 76–77, 79, 209
- narratology
2, 5, 76, 136, 209, 213, 215
- natural 100, 215
- narrator
31–33, 67–68, 71–83, 85–96, 99–105, 107–10, 112–15, 117–19, 121–26, 128–33, 135–36, 167–72, 176–77, 184–85, 206–9
- authoritative78
- covert77
- disinformed 171, 202
- embodied87
- omniscient 86–87, 93
- overt77
- retrospective79
- third-person 73, 93
- narrator-reader relationship 126, 133, 168
- narrator’s
- attitudes 89, 107, 179
- consciousness 77, 100, 105, 109–10, 118–19, 123–24, 126, 132, 202, 206
- National Day Rally145
- nationalist 33–34, 37, 39
- naturalization 100–101
- near-synonyms 148, 151, 155–56, 158, 188
- negation 2, 151, 180, 199
- Nehru2
- neoliberalism34
- neutrality 36, 54, 60–61, 146, 163
- nominalization 120, 153
- non-fictional 72–73, 79, 172
- norms
15, 37–38, 46, 88, 103, 110, 133, 136, 138, 170, 188, 197, 200, 207
- linguistic 3, 46
- pragmatic202
- translational137
- noun phrase (NP) 49, 54–55, 59–60, 74, 76, 120–21, 142, 151, 153, 156, 178
- novels 4–5, 20–21, 26, 36, 42–43, 53, 67, 69, 71–72, 76–77, 80, 123, 205
- NP. See noun phrase
- NRA (Narrative Report of Actions) 108, 110, 127
- NRSA (Narrative Report of Speech Acts) 109, 115–16, 118–22
- NRT (Narrative Report of Thought) 108, 110, 180
- NRTA (Narrative Report of Thought Acts) 109, 112, 118–21
- null-subject163
O
- objectivity 23, 25–30, 36, 39, 44, 54, 59, 70, 81, 205
- Olney 3, 19–20, 33, 214–218
- omission 110, 115, 137, 145, 164, 173, 175, 178, 182–83, 188, 192, 195, 202, 207
- omniscient 25, 78, 87
- ordinariness 27, 43–44, 64
- orient 84–85, 113, 145, 159, 169, 173, 184, 192, 197, 201–2, 207–8
- orientation 20, 51, 94, 122, 137, 143
- originality 11–12, 35, 143
- “other” consciousness 167–68, 170–71, 176–77, 184, 190, 197, 201–2, 207
- “other” voice 3, 6, 135–37, 156–59, 162, 164–65, 167–68, 172, 174, 176, 182–85, 200–202, 207, 209, 211
- overevaluation 147, 152–53, 155–56, 160, 163, 165, 180, 183, 188, 192, 207
- overlexicalization 147–49, 151, 156, 158–59, 165, 179–80, 183, 188, 199, 207
P
- Palmer 110, 117, 217
- paradox 32, 43, 77, 112
- paradoxical FDT 110, 119, 123–26, 132
- paralepsis 87, 123
- parallelism 37, 43, 46, 60–61, 127, 151–53, 156, 175, 178, 192, 196, 216
- paraphrase 122, 216
- paratexts 10, 34, 137–38, 150, 164, 182, 188
- parentheses 71, 163
- past tense 78, 81, 104, 115–16, 120–22, 124, 128, 131, 190
- patronage 143–44, 146
- patrons 143–44
- People’s Action Party (PAP) 120, 140, 163, 175
- Peranakan 7, 140, 142
- persona
2, 16, 75–76, 99, 119, 131, 168, 214
- altered 83, 96, 169, 202–3, 205, 207–8
- glorified76
- positive 133, 160
- public25
- perspective
3–4, 20, 35, 44, 67, 77, 80, 85, 87, 94–95, 102, 126
- external 84–85, 93, 123, 132
- internal 84–85, 87, 93
- psychological31
- reader’s35
- translatological5
- visual 87–88
- phonology 43, 48
- phraseological91
- plot 68–70, 72, 80, 82, 96, 100, 103, 118, 124
- plurality 29, 43
- plurisignification88
- poems 21, 53, 104, 218
- poetics 143–44, 146–47, 156, 165, 168, 176, 201, 207, 214, 218–19
- point of view
4, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75–77, 79, 81, 83–95, 97, 206
- character’s 68, 85, 92–95, 108, 118, 120, 130, 202
- conceptual89
- ideological 89, 91–92, 95
- interest89
- narrator’s 89–90, 93–94, 96, 126, 130, 167, 169, 184
- psychological 89, 92–94
- spatial91
- spatio-temporal 89, 91
- temporal91
- political correctness 162, 164
- polyphonic110
- polyphony108
- polysemic 43, 60, 174
- polysemy 42, 44, 137, 197
- Popescu 138, 217
- position 3, 28, 39, 51, 84–85, 88, 90–92, 102, 114, 119, 127
- positive image 76, 146, 152, 156, 159–60, 162–65, 180, 182, 201–2, 207–8
- postulates 12, 14, 19–20, 35, 72, 75, 87
- pragmatism
64, 219
- political 9, 128, 133, 197, 200, 206
- Prague School 3, 41, 45, 64
- present evaluation 7, 32, 70, 80, 82, 106, 123–24, 128, 131–32, 198, 217
- present perfect tense 70, 124
- present tense 104, 110, 112, 123–25, 131
- process
- behavioural50
- existential50
- material 50, 152, 163
- mental 50, 118, 120–21, 129, 138–39, 152, 154, 163
- relational 50, 148
- verbal 50, 74, 116, 118–19, 159
- profession 24, 55, 183, 202, 208, 215
- professionals 143–44, 208
- pronouns 54, 62–63, 81, 84, 111–12, 114, 116, 118, 121–24, 131, 152–53, 191
- prose fiction 111, 216
- protagonist 23–25, 32–33, 73–74, 86–87, 112–13, 115–118, 159–60, 162–65, 174–80, 182, 186–89, 191–92, 194–97, 200–202, 206–7
- protagonist’s
- consciousness 100–101, 118, 168, 177, 191, 199
- point of view 173, 177
- proverbs 106, 124–25
- pseudotranslation12
- psychological impact 47, 55, 119, 125–26, 128
- psychologists 19, 31, 33, 38–39, 79
- psycho-narration 110, 125, 131, 154, 176, 198–199
Q
- quasi-mimetic 100, 126, 128
- quotation marks 54, 111, 122–23, 145, 173–75, 177, 191
R
- Raffles College 62, 198
- Raffles Institution 55, 183, 186, 188
- reader
31, 33, 35–36, 43, 68–70, 72, 75, 77, 79, 87, 102, 128, 136–37, 170–72, 179
- implied see implied reader
- reader’s consciousness 99–102, 105, 115–16, 119, 168
- readership 9, 30
- real author 33, 71, 73–76, 79, 82–83, 89, 96, 99, 133, 136, 169, 193, 198, 202–3, 206–7
- real reader 71, 136
- récit68
- referentiality 31, 54
- reflector 77–78, 84–85, 87, 100, 113, 132
- relationship
- author-narrator77
- inter-textual 139, 142
- narrator-character 86, 145
- relationship postulate12
- reliability 17, 110, 131, 167, 185, 190–92, 198–199, 202, 206–8, 210
- Renza 23, 28–29, 218
- reorient 137, 156, 160, 165, 175
- repetition 46, 56, 58, 61–63, 107, 115–16, 118, 124, 128, 149, 152–53, 156, 163, 192, 199
- resemblance 27, 69, 90, 123, 150–51, 158, 198
- resentment 9, 61, 194, 197
- resistance 9, 60–61, 73, 180, 194, 197, 209
- retranslation213
- retrospect 80–82, 198
- rewriting
6, 135, 139, 143–47, 165, 167, 197, 202, 207–8, 215, 217
- theory of 144, 146, 165
- rhetorical
- devices 38, 47, 59
- effect 59–61, 112, 124–26, 131, 151
- functions38
- value 36, 39, 205
- rhetorical question 104, 145, 192
- Rimmon-Kenan88
- Rosengrant 38, 218
- Rubin 31, 39, 218
- Russ 3, 218
- Russian Formalists 45–46, 68
S
- SAP. See Special Assistance Plan
- schema 20, 36, 100–101, 112–13, 118, 124, 131–32
- schemata
100–101, 104, 114, 126, 132, 175, 206
- experiencing 100, 114, 116, 129, 131, 175
- telling122
- Schiavi 5–6, 79, 135–38, 165, 218
- Schrauf 31, 39, 218
- Segal 102–3, 218
- self
21–23, 30–32, 37, 80, 95–96, 111, 202, 210–11, 214, 218
- authentic31
- narrative218
- second75
- self-referential 35, 156
- self-referentiality 137, 162, 182
- self-reflexiveness137
- self-reflexivity22
- self-representation 22, 29, 31, 202
- self-translation38
- semantic
6, 48, 58, 89, 142, 159–60, 164, 167, 179, 192, 194, 199, 201
- ambiguity 163, 174, 177
- contrast 61, 76, 127–28, 200
- density 42–44, 57, 59, 151
- equivalence 146, 157
- Semino 4, 218
- sensers 120–21, 152
- sentence-final particle176
- sentences
- complex 56–58, 158, 182, 192
- declarative 57, 104
- empty-centred125
- generic 106, 124
- gnomic161
- minor 48, 59, 192
- sequence
34, 49, 57, 150
- chronological 44, 58, 70
- psychological 44, 57–58, 62
- topic-comment161
- sequentiality161
- shifts
- attitudinal60
- point of view 2, 17, 168, 172, 185
- Shklovsky46
- Short110
- Simpson 3–4, 84, 94, 106, 111, 218
- Singapore 5–9, 13–14, 70, 73–74, 141–42, 216
- Singaporean 7, 104, 115–16, 127, 142, 148, 159, 174, 181
- Singapore Press Holdings 5, 11, 216
- Singlish8
- singularity 27, 213
- slant 3, 88–90, 95
- Slater 138, 218
- Smith 19, 23, 30, 80, 218
- Smith and Watson 19, 21–22, 24–26, 28–30, 33, 76, 79
- Smorti 31–32, 64, 79, 218
- Southeast Asia 106, 121, 149, 155–56
- Speak Mandarin Campaign 7–8, 13, 70, 129
- Special Assistance Plan (SAP) 7–8, 13, 70, 127–28, 142, 145
- speech and thought presentation 51, 96–97, 99, 101, 107–11, 117, 126, 129–32, 159, 169, 173, 206
- speech presentation 96, 99, 108, 110, 191
- Stanzel 77–81, 84–88, 90–93, 95–96, 104, 123, 218
- Starobinski 30, 35–36, 218
- Stockwell 102–3, 218–19
- story 19–20, 23, 25, 27, 32–33, 68–69, 73–74, 80, 84, 86, 100, 102–3, 132, 170–72, 214–15
- story-telling schema 36, 100–101, 168 ; see also schema, schemata
- story world 77–78, 84, 89
- Straits Times Press 10, 213, 216
- structuralists 31, 84
- style 34–36, 38–39, 41, 46, 50, 77, 92, 110, 130, 146–47, 156, 213–218
- stylistic 4–6, 33, 36–39, 41, 45, 48, 50–52, 64–65, 84, 88, 126, 130–31, 139, 157, 205
- stylisticians 4, 35–36, 38, 41, 46, 94
- stylistics 2–5, 16, 20, 30, 36, 41, 45, 135–36, 139, 165, 169, 205, 209–10, 216, 219
- subject
21, 24, 32, 59, 68, 77–78, 120, 130, 142–43, 153, 172, 177, 182, 187
- abstract195
- extended60
- grammatical 57–58, 149–50
- subjectivity
22–23, 25–26, 29–30, 39, 44, 102, 107, 115, 117–118, 124–25, 129, 154, 191–92, 205, 210
- character’s115
- narrator’s106
- speaker’s 105, 132, 169
- subject matter 20, 27, 105, 144, 168
- subject-verb-object (SVO) 59, 61
- subordination 150, 184
- subversive 121, 155
- suppress 22, 54, 56, 130, 182
- surprise 46, 54, 80, 104
- suspense 60–61, 194
- Suzhou Industrial Park113
- SVA structure57
- SVO (subject-verb-object) 59, 61
- synchronized publication 9, 13, 208
- synonyms 28, 148, 199
- syntactic
6, 44, 47–48, 57, 59, 92, 114, 142, 152, 162–63, 177, 179, 181
- complexity 57–58
- contrast 58–59, 64, 116, 118–20, 125, 133, 147, 205
- foreignness 147, 150, 156, 160, 162, 165, 177, 179, 182, 207
- iconicity 44, 57–58, 62–63, 128
- linearity57
- parallels 160, 194
- transfer 160, 207
- syntax 8, 43, 48, 58, 89, 106, 124, 147, 150, 156, 162–63
- synthesis 41, 67
- syuzhet68
T
- Taiwan 115, 191–92
- Tan Lark Sye 121, 155–56
- target culture 12, 14–15, 37, 136, 138, 144–46, 175, 183
- target texts (TT) 12, 137
- tautology 148–49
- taxonomies 21, 23, 87, 89, 102, 217
- teller 77–78, 84, 132, 171, 218
- teller mode 81, 100
- temporality 22, 81–82
- tense 112, 114, 118, 122, 124, 175
- tense-markers 106–7
- tense shift122
- texts
- homiletical43
- institutional43
- third-person narration 30, 72, 92–93
- thought presentation 51, 96–97, 99, 101, 107–11, 117, 123, 126, 129–32, 159, 169, 173, 206
- Todorov 68–69, 217, 219
- Toh Chin Chye 116, 174–75, 179–80
- Tolstoy21
- tone
54, 58, 110, 114, 131, 138
- authoritative 143, 151
- ironic 54, 56, 109
- Toolan 4, 76, 94, 111, 114–15, 117, 122, 219
- Toury 12, 38, 138–39, 210, 219
- transfer postulate 12, 142
- transitivity 5, 16, 41, 49–51, 92–93, 95–97, 146–47, 152, 158–60, 162, 205
- transitivity analysis 50, 52, 147, 156, 165
- translatability4
- translated autobiography 2–3, 5, 39, 83, 95, 135, 169, 207, 209
- translation
2–4, 6, 10–12, 14–17, 37, 39, 135–39, 143, 146, 157, 165, 167, 192, 207–10, 213–19
- assumed 9, 12–14, 76, 135, 139, 146, 205–6
- theories 17, 138, 214
- translation pact 10, 138, 213
- translation postulates 38, 139, 159
- translation relationship 6, 10, 138–39, 141, 157
- translation studies 2–5, 20, 30, 205, 209, 213–15, 217
- translator
2–5, 10–11, 14–16, 37–39, 135–39, 143–44, 146, 157–60, 169, 174–77, 182–84, 191, 200–203, 207–10, 216–17
- implied See implied translator
- real136
- spirited144
- unreliable208
- translator’s
- behaviour 16, 210
- consciousness 3, 177
- intervention 83, 136, 179, 184, 188
- voice 3–4, 133, 137–38, 205, 215–16
- Traugott 41, 219
- trustworthiness 178, 201
- truth 25–26, 29–32, 39, 44–45, 105–6, 114, 124, 205, 216
- Tymoczko 37, 39, 219
- typology of point of view 51, 84, 94
U
- underlexicalization 53–57, 64, 112, 119, 133, 147, 205
- ungrammaticality 49, 151, 153, 155
- universality 208, 210
- unmediated 9, 36, 112–13
- unreliability
79, 90, 110, 170–71, 185, 189, 192–94, 200–202, 209, 211
- attitudinal 133, 189, 202, 207
- factual 191, 200
- ideological 171–72
- unreliable
- narration 77, 170–72
- narrator 77, 82, 90–91, 167, 170, 185, 188–89, 193, 195, 202
- untranslatability137
- untrustworthiness 170–71
- Uspensky 4, 51, 84, 88–92, 96, 219
V
- value-laden expressions 56, 147, 151, 158, 178, 183, 194, 200
- value systems 127, 152–53
- van Peer 4, 42–43, 45, 217, 219
- Venuti 4, 11, 208, 210, 219
- Verb+Object+Complement195
- verba sentiendi 92–93, 95–96
- verbatim 108, 111, 122–23
- verbs
48, 53–54, 56, 60, 76, 106, 118–19, 122, 141, 152–53
- catenative106
- copula153
- modal 79, 107, 161, 190
- viewpoint 73, 94, 100, 117, 215
- Vinay and Darbelnet 6, 219
- vocabulary
51, 53–56, 92, 125, 145, 147, 161–62
- objective 55–56, 58
- voices
2–3, 5, 14, 37, 44, 67, 80, 85–86, 88–89, 95, 109–10, 136, 138–39, 205, 213
- diegetic 79, 81
- double93
- mimetic 79, 81
- second3
- translator’s See translator’s voice
W
- Warner 4, 36, 39, 44, 219
- Wee Cho Yaw 122, 159
- Widdowson 4, 219
- wo-narrator 149, 153–54, 156, 158, 169, 173–75, 180, 182–83, 185, 187–94, 196, 199–201, 207, 209, 211
