In:Memes of Translation: The spread of ideas in translation theory
Andrew Chesterman
[Benjamins Translation Library 123] 2016
► pp. 223–225
Subject index
Published online: 25 February 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.123.si
https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.123.si
A
- abstraction change 98, 100
- abusive fidelity26
- accountability norm 66–67, 74, 76–78, 109, 135–137, 141, 152, 178, 184–186, 188, 191
- action theory 86, 171, 177, 179, 181–182
- adaptation 8, 15, 22–23, 27, 31–32, 68, 90, 104, 112–113, 123, 185
- addition 106, 111, 113–114
- adequacy 30, 58, 121
- antonymy99
- articles (English) 131–132
- assessment 115–143, 175 ; see also descriptive, evaluative, introspective, lateral, pedagogical, prospective, retrospective, revision, translation reviews
- attention units87
- awareness 60, 65, 74, 148–152, 154, 157, 161, 163, 165, 187 ; see also consciousness
B
- belles infidèles 23, 173
- Bible 6, 19, 20, 23, 30, 35, 126, 131, 178
C
- calque 90–92
- causality73
- clarity 23, 26, 64, 74, 80, 111, 154, 156, 172–175, 181–182, 184, 187, 192–193
- clause structure change94
- cognition 38, 47, 161, 165
- coherence change107
- cohesion 80–81, 95–96, 107, 151
- collocation 82, 98
- communication 31–33, 44, 46, 84, 85, 160, 164, 173, 181–184 ; see also communication norm, communicative suffering
- communication norm 55, 67, 74, 77, 109, 111, 126, 130, 136– 137, 141, 153, 181, 184, 186, 191
- communicative suffering 182–183
- compensation 112, 114
- consciousness 10, 12, 38, 40, 52–53, 88, 146, 148, 150 ; see also awareness
- constraints 37, 54, 75–77, 83, 110, 168, 186, 189
- contrastive analysis 29, 77, 159
- contrastive rhetoric81
- contrastive stylistics29
- conventions 2, 53, 56, 68, 174, 187
- convergent creativity118
- converses 100, 151
- covert error131
- covert translation 63, 69, 159
- criticism 12–13, 40–41, 45, 52–53, 64, 68, 71, 83, 117–119, 122, 129, 141, 164 ; see also assessment, translation reviews
- cultural filtering 104, 123
- culture-bound terms 71, 160, 182
- culture bump 182–183
D
- daina (Latvian)124
- deconstructionism192
- deliberative rationality 147–149, 151
- deontic logic 170–171
- descriptive assessment 121, 127, 134
- descriptive vs. prescriptive xi, 34, 50–52, 56, 66, 72, 117, 143, 169, 172
- direct/indirect speech 26, 107, 110
- discovery procedure 35, 60
- distribution change100
- divergent creativity117
- domesticating 37, 123
- double presentation92
- dubbing 36, 68
E
- eco-translatology14
- Effability Principle 7, 32
- effect 24, 33, 111, 116, 119–120, 125–130, 137
- emancipatory translation 186–191
- emotiveness 106, 111
- emphasis change101
- end focus79
- end weight79
- equivalence 4–9, 14–15, 19–21, 24, 27–36, 58, 60, 67–68, 116, 121–122, 125–126, 137, 154, 160, 172, 176, 182, 185
- equivalence probabilities29
- Error Elimination 12–13, 43, 115–143, 164, 181
- error gravity 136–137
- errors see Error Elimination, error gravity, covert error, overt error
- ethics 76, 167–193
- evaluation see assessment, translation reviews
- evaluative assessment 117, 121, 134
- exercises for teaching 151–156
- expectancy norms 62–66, 68, 74, 76, 78–80, 82, 109–110, 130–133, 135–136, 139, 156, 161, 173–175, 184–185, 188
- explanation 51, 72–75, 83, 109, 138
- explicitation 69, 84, 105, 112–114, 123, 132, 140
- explicitness change105
F
- falsifiability 13, 43, 69, 196
- family resemblance 5, 68, 83, 130, 133, 176–177
- feminism 37, 188
- fidelity 26, 36, 118, 176, 185
- fluency 23, 26, 117, 119
- foreignizing 26, 104, 169
- formality 81, 106
- functions of language164
G
- game theory39
- gaps 138–141
- global strategies88
- goals of translation theory 38, 45
H
- hermeneutics 9, 24, 31, 40, 44, 178–179
- homogeneous readership fallacy33
- hyponymy 99, 123
I
- iconicity 79, 97, 156, 175
- ideology 13, 36–38, 44–45, 64, 76–77, 92, 105, 109, 120, 141, 160, 167–169, 186, 188
- illocutionary change107
- implicitation 105–106, 109, 114
- indeterminacy 32, 41
- indirect translation 37, 61
- information change 106, 109, 123
- initial norm 61–62
- interference 22, 33, 46, 69–70, 75, 78, 82, 92, 120, 150, 153
- interpersonal change106
- introspective assessment 133–135
J
- Japanese constitution37
L
- lateral assessment 130–131
- level shift 91, 96
- lexical density80
- lexical variety80
- linguistics 4, 29–32, 38, 45–46, 55, 85, 159, 186
- literal translation 8–9, 20–21, 91–92, 109, 121, 123, 142, 158, 185
- loan 91–92, 102–103
- local strategies88
- logos 24–28, 30, 40, 158–159, 162
- loyalty 31, 64, 66–67, 167–168, 178–180, 191–193
M
- machine translation 28–30, 83, 143
- manipulation 36, 77, 160, 183, 188
- meaning 7, 9–10, 18–20, 25–27, 30, 37, 67, 98, 110–111, 122–123, 156, 174–175, 182, 189–190
- meme pool 1, 3, 18, 25, 40–41, 49, 85
- memes 1–4, 10–14, 17–18, 40, 45, 49, 85, 89, 148–150, 170, 189–190
- metaphors of translation x, 4, 19, 21–22, 25, 28, 31, 36–38, 41, 188–189
- metatext81
- minimal transfer 21, 158
- minimizing suffering 181–182
- modulation 90, 98
- motivation 20, 109–112, 114
N
- naturalistic fallacy72
- naturalization 104, 125
- natural translation165
- normalization 70, 122, 131
- normative 49–51, 54–55, 68, 71–75, 83, 138, 170
- normative laws 68, 71–75
- norm-breaking 64–65, 110, 135, 138–139, 187
- norms 49–83 ; see also accountability, communication, expectancy, initial, normative, norm-breaking, operational, preliminary, process, product, professional, recommendable, relation
- norm theory 36, 42–54 ; see also norms
O
- omission 68, 90, 106, 113–114
- ontogenetic development 156–157
- operational norms61
- Otherness 26–27, 37, 120, 167, 189
- overt error131
- overt translation122
P
- parallel texts 62, 130–131, 133, 153, 156
- paraphrase 24, 28, 85, 99, 101, 112, 158
- paratexts37
- partial translation108
- patronage 37, 76
- pedagogical assessment 135–138
- phonetic translation139
- phrase structure change93
- plastic control 11–12, 75, 163–164, 189
- poetics 36–37, 76–77, 110
- polysystem 35–36, 61, 63, 75, 123, 160
- postmodernism 9, 23, 108, 192
- preliminary norms 61, 76
- prescriptive see descriptive vs. prescriptive
- process norms 53, 55, 61–62, 65–66, 175
- product norms 53, 55, 61–62
- professional norms 65–68, 71, 191
- prospective assessment 125–128
- protocol studies 39, 87, 134
- pseudo-translations37
Q
- quality see assessment, revision, standard
R
- readability 23, 30, 64, 74, 80, 111, 128–130, 136, 154, 156, 160, 167, 187
- recommendable norms 79, 136, 156
- regime 54, 173
- regulative ideas 43, 138, 150, 164, 170, 181
- relation norm 67–68, 75–78, 109, 121, 126, 135, 137, 141, 154, 175–176, 184–188, 191
- relevance 33, 39, 43, 55, 74, 160, 173
- retrospective assessment 121–125
- revision 47, 116, 118, 141–143, 153, 189–190
- rhetoric 21–24, 27, 30, 34–35, 70, 81, 97–98, 101–103, 107, 111, 123, 158–159
S
- sameness see equivalence
- scheme change 97–98, 125
- semantic translation21
- semiotics 7, 32, 123, 159, 189–190
- sentence structure change 95, 125
- significance threshold 110–111
- silence threshold110
- similarity 1, 5, 15, 32, 60, 67, 147, 157–158, 176, 187
- skopos 14, 31, 45, 73, 87, 126–127, 129, 139, 153, 155, 170
- speech act 107, 125
- standard (CEN, ISO)142
- standardization 46, 70, 75, 82
- strategies 85–114, 121, 123, 151–152, 160, 167–170 ; see also global, local
- subtitling36
- supermemes 3–10, 14–15, 30, 150
- synonymy99
T
- target-language enrichment 22, 35,
- Tentative Theory 12–13, 17, 42–43, 115–119, 141, 147, 149, 174,
- text-type 5, 9, 19, 21, 30, 32, 62, 65, 67, 70–71, 76, 79–81, 83, 130, 137, 139, 153, 155, 158–159, 167, 175, 184
- thematic focus101
- theory
- etymology ix–x
- attitudes to x–xi, 40–45
- translation as 115–119
- of expertise 145–148
- of ethics 168–169
- as a net195 see also action theory, ecotranslatology, memes, norm theory, polysystem, Popper, relevance, skopos
- transediting 108, 114, 139, 153, 175, 187
- translation see covert, overt, emancipatory, indirect, literal, machine, metaphors, partial, phonetic, pseudo-, semantic
- translational competence 71, 115, 117–118, 145, 148, 158
- translation copyright37
- translation ethics 167–193
- translation from LI 78–79
- translation laws 38, 68–75, 82, 149–150
- translation reviews 122–123, 126–127, 131
- translation status 56–61
- Translator’s Charter 184, 187
- translator training 44–45, 50, 78, 83, 89, 118, 135, 137, 150–162, 165–166, 187
- Translog47
- transposition 90, 93, 151
- trope change 101–103
- trust 57, 114, 172, 178–180, 184, 188–190
- truth ix, 10, 13, 20–21, 115–116, 138, 164, 170, 175–177, 184–185, 189, 192, 195
U
- understanding 42, 55, 146–148, 181–184, 186–187, 189, 192
- unit of translation8
- unit shift93
- universals 45–46, 55, 69, 82, 84
- untranslatability 6–7, 10, 41–42
V
- validation of norms 54, 64, 156
- values 3, 12, 37, 76, 111, 116–117, 119, 130, 138, 141, 167, 169–172, 184, 187, 189, 192
- visibility 108, 167, 180, 186, 192
W
- Worlds (Popper) 10–11, 163, 189
