In:How the Brain Got Language – Towards a New Road Map:
Edited by Michael A. Arbib
[Benjamins Current Topics 112] 2020
► pp. 38–53
Reflections on the differential organization of mirror neuron systems for hand and mouth and their role in the evolution of communication in primates
Published online: 11 August 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/bct.112.04cou
https://doi.org/10.1075/bct.112.04cou
Abstract
It is now generally accepted that the motor system is not purely dedicated to the control of behavior, but also has cognitive
functions. Mirror neurons have provided a new perspective on how sensory information regarding others’ actions and gestures is
coupled with the internal cortical motor representation of them. This coupling allows an individual to enrich his
interpretation of the social world through the activation of his own motor representations. Such mechanisms have been highly
preserved in evolution as they are present in humans, apes and monkeys. Recent neuroanatomical data showed that there are two
different connectivity patterns in mirror neuron networks in the macaque: one is concerned with sensorimotor transformation in
relation to reaching and hand grasping within the traditional parietal-premotor circuits; the second one is linked to the
mouth/face motor control and the new data show that it is connected with limbic structures. The mouth mirror sector seems to
be wired not only for ingestive behaviors but also for orofacial communicative gestures and vocalizations. Notably, the hand
and mouth mirror networks partially overlap, suggesting the importance of hand-mouth synergies not only for sensorimotor
transformation, but also for communicative purposes in order to better convey and control social signals.
Keywords: mirror neuron, communicative gesture, premotor cortex, limbic system, macaque
Article outline
- Introduction
- Mirroring others’ actions and gestures through the motor system
- Hand and mouth: Two different mirror networks
- Processing reward and social context
- Mouth mirror access to visual information does not occur via the parietal cortex
- Facial gestural communication and the face mirror network
- Hand mouth synergies
- Hand mouth synergies for gestural communication
- Towards a new road map
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