In:Translation Practice in the Field: Current research on socio-cognitive processes
Edited by Hanna Risku, Regina Rogl and Jelena Milosevic
[Benjamins Current Topics 105] 2019
► pp. 123–160
Expertise acquisition through deliberate practice
Gauging perceptions and behaviors of translators and project managers
Published online: 7 August 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/bct.105.07ang
https://doi.org/10.1075/bct.105.07ang
Abstract
In his influential 2006 publication, Shreve, in citing Ericsson (1996, 21), outlines a series of fundamental conditions that must be met in order for the translator to acquire expertise. While expertise research on professional translator performance in authentic contexts has only recently started to gain traction in earnest, these conditions for expertise acquisition, while well-suited for academic contexts involving formal translator training, may not be as readily realizable within the language industry. In an attempt to complement recent workplace studies on translation (Risku and Windhager 2013; Ehrensberger-Dow 2014), our questionnaire-based explorative study sets out to gain a better understanding of how expertise in translation is conceptualized and fostered from within the language industry. By gauging how professional translators, as well as the project managers for whom they work, regard expertise from the perspective of the requisite conditions outlined by Shreve, we hope to establish greater clarity as to how expertise is envisioned, practiced, and valued along emic lines.
Article outline
- 1.The elusiveness of expertise in translation
- 2.Indicators of expertise
- 3.Expertise studies on translation through an ethnographic lens
- 4.Deliberate practice as a focal point
- 5.Questionnaires on facets of expertise
- 5.1Methods
- 5.1.1Participants and instruments
- 5.1.2Analytic approach
- 5.1Methods
- 6.Results and analysis
- 6.1Perceptions pertaining to expectations
- 6.2Expertise and its assessment
- 6.3Deliberate practice
- 7.Concluding remarks and future directions
Note References Appendix
References (52)
Albl-Mikasa, Michaela. 2013. “Developing and Cultivating Expert Interpreter Competence.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 18: 17–34.
Alves, Fabio, and Jose Luis Vila Real Gonçalves. 2007. “Modelling Translator’s Competence. Relevance and Expertise under Scrutiny.” In Doubts and Directions in Translation Studies, edited by Y. Gambier, M. Shlesinger, and R. Stolze, 41–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Angelone, Erik. 2010. “Uncertainty, Uncertainty Management, and Metacognitive Problem Solving in the Translation Task.” In Translation and Cognition, edited by G. M. Shreve and E. Angelone, 17–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2012. “The Place of Screen Recording in Process-Oriented Translator Training.” RITT (Rivista Internazionale di Tecnica della Traduzione) 14: 41–55.
. 2014. “A Corpus-Based Comparison of Self- Reflection Modalities in Process-Oriented Translator Training.” In Teaching Language Translation and Interpretation: Methods, Theories, and Trends, edited by Y. Cui and W. Zhao, 346–361. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
. 2018. “Reconceptualizing problems in translation using triangulated process and product data.” In New Directions in Cognitive and Empirical Translation Process Research, edited by I. Lacruz, and R. Jääskeläinen. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bereiter, Carl, and Marlene Scardamalia. 1993. Surpassing Ourselves – An Inquiry into the Nature and Implications of Expertise. Chicago, IL: Open Court.
Carl, Michael, and Barbara Dragsted. 2012. “Inside the Monitor Model: Processes of Default and Challenged Translation Production.” TC3, Translation: Computation, Corpora, Cognition 2 (1): 127–145.
Davidson, Janet and Robert J. Sternberg. 2003. The Psychology of Problem Solving. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
DePalma, Donald. 2012. “Translation Demand-Supply Mismatch.” Global Watchtower. Common Sense Advisory Blog. Accessed on August 10, 2016. [URL].
Dragsted, Barbara. 2005. “Segmenting in Translation: Differences Across Levels of Expertise and Difficulty.” Target 17 (1): 49–70.
Duflou, Veerle. 2016. Be(com)ing a Conference Interpreter. An Ethnography of EU Interpreters as a Professional Community. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Dunne, Elena S. 2013. Project Risk Management: Developing a Risk Framework for Translation Projects. Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University.
Dunne, Keiran J. 2012. “The Industrialization of Translation: Causes, Consequences and Challenges.” Translation Spaces 1 (1): 143–168.
Ehrensberger-Dow, Maureen. 2014. “Challenges of Translation Process Research at the Workplace.” In Minding Translation, guest edited by R. Muñoz, 355–383. Special issue 1 of MonTI. .
Ericsson, K. Anders. 1996. “The Acquisition of Expert Performance: An Introduction to Some of the Issues.” In The Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports and Games, edited by K. A. Ericsson, 1–50. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ericsson, K. Anders, and Neil Charness. 1994. “Expert Performance: Its Structure and Acquisition.” American Psychologist 49 (8): 725–747.
Ericsson, K. Anders, Ralf T. Krampe, and Clemens Tesch-Römer. 1993. “The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance.” Psychological Review 100 (3): 363–406.
García Izquierdo, Isabel, Anabel Borja Albí, Vicent Montalt Resurrecció, Pilar Ezpeleta Piorno, and Esther Monzó Nebot. 2009. “Competències per a traduir en àmbits d’especialitat.” In Millora i innovació educativa a l’EEES, edited by M. Á. Fortea, J. M. Gil, and P. Pérez. CD-ROM.
Göpferich, Susanne. 2008. Translationsprozessforschung: Stand – Methoden – Perspektiven [Translation Process Research: State of the Art – Methods – Perspectives]. Tübingen: Narr.
Hansen, Gyde. 2003. “Controlling the Process. Theoretical and Methodological Reflections on Research into Translation Processes.” In Triangulating Translation. Perspectives in Process Oriented Research, edited by F. Alves, 25–42. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hatano, Giyoo, and Kayoko Inagaki. 1992. “Desituating cognition through the construction of conceptual knowledge.” In Context and Cognition: Ways of Knowing and Learning, edited by P. Light and G. Butterworth, 115–133. New York: Harvester.
Jääskeläinen, Riitta. 2010. “Are all professionals experts? Definitions of expertise and reinterpretation of research evidence in process studies.” In Translation and Cognition, edited by G. M. Shreve and E. Angelone, 213–227. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Jakobsen, Arnt L. 2002. “Orientation, Segmentation, and Revision in Translation.” In Empirical Translation Studies: Process and Product, edited by G. Hansen, 191–204. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
Jensen, Kristian. 2009. “Indicators of Text Complexity.” In Methodology, Technology and Innovation in Translation Process Research, edited by I. M. Mees, F. Alves, and S. Göpferich, 61–80. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
Kimball, Daniel, and Keith Holyoak. 2000. “Transfer and Expertise.” In The Oxford Handbook of Memory, edited by E. Tulving and F. I. M. Kraik, 109–122. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kiraly, Donald. 2015. “Occasioning Translator Competence: Moving beyond Social Constructivism toward a Postmodern Alternative to Instructionism.” Translation and Interpreting Studies 10 (1): 8–32.
Koskinen, Kaisa. 2008. Translating Institutions: An Ethnographic Study of EU Translation. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Künzli, Alexander. 2007. “The Ethical Dimension of Translation Revision. An Empirical Study.” The Journal of Specialised Translation 8: 42–56.
Marín García, Álvaro. 2017. Theoretical Hedging: The Scope of Knowledge in Translation Process Research. PhD Dissertation, Kent State University.
Muñoz Martín, Ricardo. 2009. “Expertise and Environment in Translation.” Mutatis Mutandis 2 (1): 24–37.
. 2010. “On Paradigms and Cognitive Translatology.” In Translation and Cognition, edited by G. M. Shreve and E. Angelone, 169–188. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2014. “Situating Translation Expertise: A Review with a Sketch of a Construct.” In The Development of Translation Competence: Theories and Methodologies from Psycholinguistics and Cognitive Science, edited by J. Schwieter and A. Ferreira, 2–56. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
PACTE. 2003. “Building a Translation Competence Model.” In Triangulating Translation: Perspectives in Process Oriented Research, edited by F. Alves, 43–66. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2011. “Results of the Validation of the PACTE Translation Competence Model: Translation Problems and Translation Competence.” In Methods and Strategies of Process Research: Integrative Approaches in Translation Studies, edited by C. Alvstad, A. Hild, and E. Tiselius, 317–343. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2015. “Results of PACTE’s Experimental Research on the Acquisition of Translation Competence: the Acquisition of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge in Translation. The Dynamic Translation Index.” Translation Spaces 4 (1): 29–53.
Pym, Anthony. 1996. “Ideologies of the Expert in Discourses on Translator Training.” In Problems and Trends in the Teaching of Interpreting and Translation, edited by M. Snell-Hornby and Y. Gambier, 139–149. Misano: Istituto San Pellegrino.
. 2009. “Using Process Studies in Translator Training: Self-discovery through Lousy Experiments.” In Methodology, Technology and Innovation in Translation Process Research, edited by I. M. Mees, S. Göpferich, and F. Alves, 135–156. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
Risku, Hanna. 1998. Translatorische Kompetenz. Kognitive Grundlagen des Übersetzens als Expertentätigkeit [Translation Competence. Cognitive Foundations of Translation as an Expert Activity]. Tübingen: Stauffenburg.
. 2014. “Translation Process Research as Interaction Research: From Mental to Socio-Cognitive Processes.” In Minding Translation, guest edited by R. Muñoz, 331–353. Special issue 1 of MonTI. .
Risku, Hanna, and Florian Windhager. 2013. “Extended Translation. A Socio-Cognitive Research Agenda.” Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25 (1): 33–45.
Rojo López, Ana Mª, and Marina Ramos Caro. 2016. “Can Emotion Stir Translation Skill? Defining the Impact of Positive and Negative Emotions on Translation Performance.” In Reembedding Translation Process Research, edited by R. Muñoz, 107–130. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Shreve, Gregory M. 2002. “Knowing Translation: Cognitive and Experiential Aspects of Translation Expertise from the Perspective of Expertise Studies.” In Translation Studies: Perspectives on an Emerging Discipline, edited by A. Riccardi, 150–171. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2006. “The Deliberate Practice: Translation and Expertise.” Journal of Translation Studies 9 (1): 27–42.
Shreve, Gregory M., and Isabel Lacruz. 2017. “Aspects of a Cognitive Model of Translation.” In The Handbook of Translation and Cognition, edited by J. Schwieter and A. Ferreira, 127–143. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
Tirkkonen-Condit, Sonja. 2005. “The Monitor Model Revisited: Evidence from Process Research.” Meta 50 (2): 405–414.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
Gebbia, Chiara Astrid
2024. Adaptability in metaphors for translators’ self-concepts. Translation, Cognition & Behavior 7:2 ► pp. 239 ff.
Gebbia, Chiara Astrid
Schlager, Daniela & Hanna Risku
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 19 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
