Article In: Babel: Online-First Articles
Towards a descriptive framework of municipal translation policies in the Canadian context
An empirical perspective
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Abstract
To date, translation policies in the municipal sector have garnered limited interest. This is particularly true in Canada, where only a handful of studies have been conducted on the subject. Yet cities play a key role in welcoming international newcomers and facilitating their inclusion. To this end, many of them have implemented language policies, notably over the past five years, that prioritize the translation of public-facing municipal resources and the access to translation services. These policies aim to reduce the language barriers faced by immigrants who do not speak either of the two official languages. Drawing on a large-scale field study of 21 major Canadian urban centers, this article has the following three objectives: to provide an overview of their translation policies, to identify commonalities and differences, and to propose, for the first time, a framework for characterizing and problematizing the field of municipal translation policies.
Keywords: translation policy, municipalities, Canada, language policy, multilingualism
Résumé
En s’appuyant sur une approche interdisciplinaire empruntée aux études de la traduction, de l’écriture culturelle et du récit de voyage, cette étude examine les glissements sémantiques dans la traduction arabe de The Lord of Arabia: Ibn Saud: An Intimate Study of a King — récit de voyage britannique de Harold Courtenay Armstrong (1934) — réalisée par Yousef Noor Awad (1991). En inscrivant les deux textes dans un « continuum » culturel et historique (Bassnett et Trivedi 1999, p. 2), l’étude analyse la manière dont le récit de voyage anglais d’Armstrong, marqué à la fois par des portraits biographiques empathiques du roi Abdelaziz et par des représentations stéréotypées de la culture arabe, est transformé en traduction. Deux questions complémentaires sont abordées : (1) Comment les Arabes et leur culture sont‑ils représentés dans le texte source ? et (2) Comment le texte cible reflète‑t‑il ou modifie‑t‑il ces représentations ? En quantifiant et en analysant une sélection de glissements sémantiques, de modifications et d’omissions dans la traduction d’Awad, l’étude montre comment le traducteur domestique le texte source (TS) afin de l’aligner sur ses préférences idéologiques en faveur d’un leadership idéalisé. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’interaction entre traduction, idéologie et représentation culturelle, et soulignent les choix traductifs d’Awad. Ces derniers s’écartent des inexactitudes ethnographiques d’Armstrong, tout en perpétuant une autre forme de biais culturel qui complique davantage la question des représentations interculturelles.
Article outline
- 1.Canadian large urban centers as sites for multilingualism
- 2.Methodology and other considerations
- 3.Municipal translation policy as a strategic choice
- 4.A comparison of translation policies
- 5.The status of French as Canada’s other official language: A comparative perspective
- 6.The status of Indigenous languages: A comparative perspective
- 7.Conclusion: Towards a descriptive framework for municipal translation policy
- (a)Translation practices
- (b)Translation management
- (c)Translation beliefs
- Notes
- Author queries
References
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