Article published In: Babel: Online-First Articles
Fusion and “contra fusion”
On translating ekphrastic poetry in Edward Hopper, Ernest Farrés, and Lawrence Venuti
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
Open Access publication of this article was funded through a Transformative Agreement with Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Published online: 12 March 2026
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.25210.shy
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.25210.shy
Abstract
This article investigates Lawrence Venuti’s English translation of Edward Hopper, a Catalan poetry collection by Ernest Farrés inspired by the American painter’s work. It develops the concept of “contra fusion” to describe a mode of translation that foregrounds interpretive agency, cultural specificity, and polyphonic authorship. Drawing on key theories of poetry translation and ekphrasis, the article situates Venuti’s method within a broader hermeneutic tradition, emphasizing the translator’s creative role in navigating both interlingual and intersemiotic dimensions. Through close readings, it explores how the translation maintains the stylistic and cultural complexity of the Catalan original while incorporating elements of Hopper’s voice and American vernacular. Special attention is given to compound structures, idiomatic shifts, and cultural recoding. The article argues that Edward Hopper functions as a collaborative, transmedial project — where painter, poet, and translator converge in a dynamic interplay of languages, traditions, and aesthetic forms. In doing so, it demonstrates how translation can operate not merely as transfer, but as co-creation and cultural intervention.
Résumé
Cet article examine la traduction anglaise, due à Lawrence Venuti, d’Edward Hopper, recueil de poésie catalane d’Ernest Farrés inspiré par l’œuvre du peintre américain. Il élabore le concept de « contra fusion » pour décrire un mode de traduction qui met au premier plan l’agentivité interprétative, la spécificité culturelle et une auctorialité polyphonique. S’appuyant sur des théories majeures de la traduction poétique et de l’ekphrasis, l’article inscrit la méthode de Venuti dans une tradition herméneutique plus large, en soulignant le rôle créatif du traducteur dans la navigation des dimensions à la fois interlinguistique et intersémiotique. À travers des analyses de détail, il explore comment la traduction préserve la complexité stylistique et culturelle de l’original catalan tout en intégrant des éléments de la voix de Hopper et du vernaculaire américain. Une attention particulière est accordée aux structures composées, aux déplacements idiomatiques et au recodage culturel. L’article soutient qu’Edward Hopper constitue un projet collaboratif et transmédiatique, où peintre, poète et traducteur convergent dans un jeu dynamique de langues, de traditions et de formes esthétiques. Ce faisant, il montre comment la traduction peut opérer non pas seulement comme un transfert, mais comme une co-création et une intervention culturelle.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Conceptual perspectives
- 2.1Rethinking the practice of poetry translation
- 2.2Ekphrasis between arts and languages
- 3.Case study: Ekphrasis and translation in collaborative practice
- 3.1Fusion of authors
- 3.2Fusion of language
- 3.3Fusion across cultures
- 3.4“Contra fusion”
- 4.Final reflection
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
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