Pivot translation and direct translation
What is the difference in quality? An analysis of two renditions of Netflix’s Paranormal into Polish
Published online: 23 October 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.25012.ale
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.25012.ale
Abstract
Previous studies on pivot translation indicate it tends to
produce texts that are weaker in style and communication, contain numerous
mistranslations, and lack linguistic richness. However, it can be argued that
some level of loss is inherent in the translation process. The textual features
often seen as vulnerable to mistranslation in pivot translation — such as humor,
taboo language, cultural references, or marked language — are also notoriously
difficult to translate accurately in direct translation. Therefore, it is
important to compare the loss in indirect translation with that in direct
translation. This paper aims to do so by analyzing two versions of the Egyptian
series Salama, Amr. 2020. Paranormal. Los Gatos, CA: Netflix.: the indirect Polish subtitles based on an English
pivot and the direct Polish voice-over. The goal is to determine whether the
loss and misrepresentation commonly linked to pivot translation are truly caused
by this method or are simply natural aspects of translation. Additionally, the
study compares the translation accuracy of the indirect Polish translator with
that of the direct Polish translator to see if indirect translators tend to
introduce more errors independently (excluding those transferred from the pivot)
than direct translators.
Keywords: subtitles, voice-over, pivot, relay translation, audio-visual translation
Résumé
Selon la littérature, la traduction pivot produit des
textes qui sont plus pauvres en style et en communication, qui contiennent de
nombreuses erreurs et qui pèchent par leur pauvreté linguistique. Cependant, il
est aussi vrai que la perte est inhérente au processus de traduction, et que les
caractéristiques textuelles, susceptibles d’être mal traduites dans le processus
de traduction pivot — comme l’humour, le langage tabou, les éléments culturels
ou le langage marqué — sont également difficiles à rendre dans la traduction
directe. C’est pourquoi il est important d’étudier la traduction indirecte en la
comparant avec la traduction directe. Le présent article s’efforce d’adopter une
telle approche en comparant deux versions de la série égyptienne
Salama, Amr. 2020. Paranormal. Los Gatos, CA: Netflix. : les sous-titres polonais indirects
basés sur un pivot anglais, et la voix off polonaise traduite de manière
directe. L’objectif de l’étude est de vérifier si les pertes et les erreurs que
l’on associe à la traduction pivot sont dues au processus lui-même, ou si elles
découlent naturellement du processus de traduction. En outre, la précision du
traducteur polonais indirect est comparée à celle du traducteur polonais direct
afin d’examiner si les traducteurs indirects introduisent plus d’erreurs (en
excluant, donc, les erreurs transférées du pivot) que les traducteurs
directs.
Mots clef : sous-titres, voix off, pivot, traduction indirecte, traduction audiovisuelle
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Errors in pivot translation
- 3.Materials
- 4.Mode of analysis
- 5.Results
- 5.1Stylistic errors
- 5.2Semantic errors
- 5.3Mistranslated culture-specific items
- 6.Discussion
- 7.Conclusion
References
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