“White and black” or “black and white”?
Determinants of the natural rendering of binomials in translation tasks
Published online: 9 May 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.24224.son
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.24224.son
Abstract
Binomial expressions represent one type of formulaic sequences. Binomials have a distinguishing feature, known as
“configuration restrictions” (for example, “black and white” is common in English, but “white and black” is not). However,
research on how second language (L2) learners process and acquire such expressions is limited. Even more limited is the research
examining how translation trainees handle such expressions when rendering texts to and from their first language. The present
study aims to address this gap by examining the determinants of translating binomials into their preferred word order: congruency
(similar or different configuration in the source and target language), translation direction, and L2 proficiency level.
Eighty-six translation trainees (Arabic-English speakers) translated three types of binomials (“congruent,” “incongruent,” and
“novel”) in both directions (from English to Arabic and from Arabic to English). Additionally, they completed a vocabulary test as
a rough measure of L2 proficiency. Only congruency predicted the number of natural renderings of binomials; congruent items were
rendered into their natural configuration above chance level (i.e., novel binomials). This was consistent regardless of
translation direction or L2 proficiency level. These findings carry significant implications for translation education
Résumé
Les expressions binomiales, ou binômes, représentent un type de séquences formulaires. Les binômes ont une
caractéristique distinctive, connue sous le nom de « restrictions de configuration » (par exemple, « noir et blanc » est courant
en français, mais « blanc et noir » ne l’est pas). Cependant, les recherches sur la manière dont les apprenants d’une langue
seconde (L2) traitent et acquièrent de telles expressions sont limitées. Les études qui examinent la manière dont les étudiants en
traduction gèrent ces expressions lors du rendu de textes vers et depuis leur langue maternelle sont plus rares encore. La
présente étude vise à combler cette lacune en analysant les facteurs qui pourraient déterminer la traduction des binômes selon
leur ordre le plus courant : la congruence (configuration similaire ou différente dans la langue source et la langue cible), la
direction de la traduction et le niveau de compétence en L2. Quatre-vingt-six étudiants en traduction (arabophones et anglophones)
ont traduit trois types de binômes (« congruents », « incongruents » et « nouveaux ») dans les deux directions (de l’anglais vers
l’arabe et de l’arabe vers l’anglais). De plus, ils ont passé un test de vocabulaire servant de mesure approximative de leur
niveau de compétence en L2. Seule la congruence a permis de prédire le nombre de rendus naturels des binômes : les éléments
congruents ont été restitués dans leur configuration naturelle à un niveau supérieur au hasard (établi au moyen des nouveaux
binômes). Ce résultat était cohérent, quelle que soit la direction de traduction ou le niveau de compétence en L2. Ces résultats
ont des implications significatives pour l’enseignement de la traduction.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Background
- 2.1Binomials in L2 Research
- 2.2The Natural Rendering of FSs in Translation Tasks
- 2.3The Translation of Binomials
- 3.Research Questions and Hypotheses
- 4.Methods
- 4.1Participants
- 4.2Items
- 4.3Translation Task
- 4.4Procedures
- 4.5Analysis
- 5.Results
- 6.Discussion
- 7.Conclusion
- Note
References
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