Rewriting the Indian other
A post-colonial translation of Rudyard Kipling’s “The story of Muhammad Din” into Arabic
Published online: 18 September 2023
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00336.ham
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00336.ham
Abstract
This article reexamines the colonial representation of Indians in Rudyard Kipling’s “The Story of Muhammad Din”
through a postcolonial resistant translation from English to Arabic. Set in India, Kipling’s short story depicts the buried
Anglo-Indian conflict between the world perspectives of an adult Englishman and an Indian child. To this Indian child, Muhammad
Din, existence is situated at the crossroads of an intense personal and national struggle for power, freedom, and independence.
The dominant presence of the colonial law, which is embodied in the English doctor’s presumed authority and strict medical
discourse in Kipling’s narrative, fashions a negative and inferior representation of Muhammad Din and his father Imam. Moreover,
the impersonal style of narration, which is noted in the final scene of Muhammad’s death, enhances a colonial desire of the
English to accentuate a rigorous sense of Englishness and national superiority that cannot be compromised. By offering a
postcolonial translation of Kipling’s story in Arabic, however, Arab readers re-conceptualize or re-imagine
othered Indians – here Muhammad Din – as central post-colonial agents who also function as vital sources of
artistic or creative power that is necessary to deflate colonial authoritative agency in Kipling’s colonial text.
Keywords: Rudyard Kipling, Muhammad Din, Indian, power, postcolonial translation, resistance
Résumé
Cet article réexamine la représentation coloniale des Indiens dans “The Story of Muhammad
Din” de Rudyard Kipling à travers une traduction postcoloniale résistante de l’anglais vers l’arabe. Située en Inde,
la nouvelle de Kipling dépeint de manière subtile le conflit anglo-indien par le biais des perspectives d’un adulte anglais et
d’un enfant indien. Pour cet enfant, Muhammad Din, l’existence se situe au carrefour d’une intense lutte personnelle et nationale
pour le pouvoir, la liberté et l’indépendance. La présence dominante de la loi coloniale, incarnée par l’autorité présumée du
médecin anglais et le discours médical strict dans le récit de Kipling, façonne une représentation négative et inférieure de
Muhammad Din et de son père Imam. De plus, le style impersonnel de la narration, que l’on retrouve dans la scène finale de la mort
de Muhammad, renforce le désir colonial des Anglais d’accentuer un sens rigoureux de l’identité anglaise et de la supériorité
nationale qui ne peut être compromis. En proposant une traduction postcoloniale de l’histoire de Kipling en arabe, les lecteurs
arabes reconceptualisent ou réimaginent des Indiens aliénés – ici Muhammad Din – comme des agents postcoloniaux
centraux qui fonctionnent également comme des sources vitales de pouvoir artistique ou créatif nécessaire pour affaiblir
l’autorité coloniale dans le texte colonial de Kipling.
Mots-clés : Rudyard Kipling, Muhammad Din, Indien, pouvoir, traduction postcoloniale, résistance
Article outline
- I.Power and postcolonial literary translation: An overview
- II.Postcolonial translation and the art of resistance
- III.Abusing Kipling: The rebirth of the resistant Indian
- IV.Conclusion
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