Article published In: Literary Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Its Future Prospects
Edited by Wang Ning and Wang Hongtao
[Babel 69:4] 2023
► pp. 465–482
Defending the last bastion
A sociological approach to the challenged literary translation
Published online: 6 July 2023
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00330.wan
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00330.wan
Abstract
Growing interest has been noted in applying AI-powered machine translation (MT) to literary translation, hailed as
the last bastion of human translation. Despite achieving considerable progress in this field, research has either ignored or
underestimated the particularity, complexity, and cultural significance of literary translation, which can be examined from a
sociological approach. Drawing on the sociological theories of Bourdieu, Latour, Callon, and Baudrillard, the present paper
analyses the innate nature of literary translation and highlights three fundamental issues that need to be addressed in applying
MT to literary texts. First, the poetics of literary translation is built on human translators’ long-acquired habitus, thus, in
the case of MT, an algorithm comparable to the creative human habitus must be derived if MT aspires to take on the role of the
human translator. Second, literary translation constitutes a dynamic network connected by various human and non-human actors, thus
the aspects not included in the interlingual transference of MT should be compensated through more effective interactions between
the machine and other actors. Third, the cultural-ethical issues related to MT should be thoroughly examined because the present
MT of literary texts is a machine simulation of the psychological human translation, which undermines both the meaning generation
of literary translation and the knowledge accumulation of cultural production. Therefore, literary translation must be handled by
qualified human translators until we can undoubtedly ensure that MT can be effectively and safely applied to literary texts.
Résumé
L’application de la traduction automatique (TA) alimentée par l’IA à la traduction littéraire, considérée
comme le dernier bastion de la traduction humaine, suscite un intérêt croissant. Malgré les progrès considérables réalisés dans ce
domaine, la recherche a ignoré ou sous-estimé la particularité, la complexité et l’importance culturelle de la traduction
littéraire, qui peut être examinée d’un point de vue sociologique. S’appuyant sur les théories sociologiques de Bourdieu, Latour,
Callon et Baudrillard, le présent article analyse la nature innée de la traduction littéraire et met en évidence trois questions
fondamentales qui doivent être abordées lors de l’application de la TA aux textes littéraires. Premièrement, la poétique de la
traduction littéraire s’appuie sur l’habitus acquis de longue date par les traducteurs humains. Par conséquent, dans le cas de la
TA, un algorithme comparable à l’habitus créatif humain doit être dérivé si la TA aspire à jouer le rôle du traducteur humain.
Deuxièmement, la traduction littéraire constitue un réseau dynamique connecté par divers acteurs humains et non humains, de sorte
que les aspects non inclus dans le transfert interlinguistique de la TA devraient être compensés par des interactions plus
efficaces entre la machine et les autres acteurs. Troisièmement, les questions culturelles et éthiques liées à la TA doivent être
examinées en profondeur, car la TA actuelle des textes littéraires est une simulation automatique de la traduction humaine
psychologique, ce qui nuit à la fois à la production de sens de la traduction littéraire et à l’accumulation de connaissances de
la production culturelle. Par conséquent, la traduction littéraire doit être traitée par des traducteurs humains qualifiés jusqu’à
ce que nous puissions garantir que la traduction automatique peut être appliquée efficacement et en toute sécurité aux textes
littéraires.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The sociological approach in translation studies
- 3.Fathoming the (challenged) literary translation: A sociological approach
- 3.1The poetics of literary translation built on the translator’s habitus
- 3.2The network of literary translation and various actors involved
- 3.3Human signification and machine simulation of literary translation
- 4.Conclusion
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Cited by (2)
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