Possibilising food translation in children’s literature
With a focus on Greek translations of Captain Underpants
Published online: 7 November 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00294.pan
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00294.pan
Abstract
Food is omnipresent in children’s literature, from Popeye’s Spinach to Detective Cluj’s Carpenter Gums, thus signifying its immense cultural value since cultures and societies are built upon food (Keeling, Kara K., and Scott T. Pollard, eds. 2009. Critical Approaches to Food in Children’s Literature. New York and London: Routledge., 6). Food narratives are capable of performing a number of functions ranging from evoking a sense of coziness and comfort to being a cause of temptation and power struggle, and these functions ought to come under the spotlight when translating children’s books. This article focuses on the English-Greek examination of translation patterns in the Captain Underpants series and on the critical discussion of the translation strategies that have been employed for the transferring of food items to Greek children. To this end, thirty-five examples of food references are analyzed using a purpose-built schema of translation procedures. The results indicate that translators make a conscious attempt to bring foreign dishes closer to the target language culture by adopting a variety of modification and substitution procedures. This study highlights the intrinsic role that the translation tendencies of preservation, modification, substitution, expansion, transcreation, omission, and creation play in enabling food translation, thus bringing to the fore the important yet neglected area of food translation in children’s literature which can have a profound impact not only on literary but also on translational landscapes.
Résumé
La nourriture est omniprésente dans la littérature jeunesse, des épinards de Popeye à L’Affaire des chewing gums Carpenter, signifiant ainsi son immense valeur pour la culture puisque les cultures et les sociétés sont fondées sur la nourriture (Keeling, Kara K., and Scott T. Pollard, eds. 2009. Critical Approaches to Food in Children’s Literature. New York and London: Routledge., 6). À cet égard, les narrations alimentaires peuvent exprimer un certain nombre de fonctions allant du confort à la tentation ou à la lutte pour le pouvoir et ces fonctions doivent être mises en lumière lors de la traduction de livres pour enfants. L’article se concentre sur l’examen des modèles de traduction de l’anglais vers le grec dans la série Le Capitaine Slip et sur la discussion critique des stratégies de traduction qui ont été utilisées pour le transfert des produits alimentaires au public des enfants grecs. À cette fin, trente-cinq exemples de références alimentaires sont analysés à l’aide d’un schéma de procédures de traduction spécialement conçu pour cette analyse. Les résultats indiquent que les traducteurs tentent consciemment de rapprocher les plats étrangers de la culture de la langue cible en adoptant une variété de procédures de modification et de substitution. Cette étude met en évidence le rôle intrinsèque que jouent, en traduction, les tendances de conservation, de modification, de substitution, de transcréation, d’expansion, d’omission et de création dans la possibilité de traduire les aliments. L’article met ainsi en évidence le domaine important mais négligé de la traduction des aliments dans la littérature jeunesse qui peut avoir un impact profond non seulement sur les paysages littéraires mais aussi sur les paysages de traduction.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction: Food in children’s literature
- 2.Literature review: Translating food in children’s literature
- 3.On the English-Greek translation of food items in the Captain Underpants series
- 3.1Preservation
- 3.2Modification
- 3.3Substitution
- 3.4Expansion
- 3.5Transcreation
- 3.6Omission
- 3.7Creation
- 4.Discussion: On the (im-)possibility of translating food items
- 5.Conclusion: The case of fish and chips
Primary references Secondary references
References (67)
. 1999b. Captain Underpants and the Invasion of the Incredibly Naughty Cafeteria Ladies from Outer Space (and the Subsequent Assault of the Equally Evil Lunchroom Zombie Nerds). New York: Scholastic.
. 2003a. Captain Underpants and the Big, Bad Battle of the Bionic Booger Boy, Part 1: The Night of the Nasty Nostril Nuggets. New York: Scholastic.
. 2003b. Captain Underpants and the Big, Bad Battle of the Bionic Booger Boy, Part 2: The Revenge of the Ridiculous Robo-Boogers. New York: Scholastic.
. 2006. Captain Underpants and the Preposterous Plight of the Purple Potty People. New York, NY: Scholastic.
. 2013. Captain Underpants and the Revolting Revenge of the Radioactive Robo-Boxers. New York: Scholastic.
. 2014. Captain Underpants and the Tyrannical Retaliation of the Turbo Toilet 2000. New York: Scholastic.
Pilkey, Day. 2019. Οι Περιπέτειες του Καπετάν Βράκα [The adventures of Captain Underpants], translated by Mary Grammenou, 9th reprint. Athens: Psichogios.
Pilkey, Dav. 2020. Ο Καπετάν Βράκας και η Επίθεση των Καμπινέδων που Μιλάνε [Captain Underpants and the attack of the talking toilets], translated by Mary Grammenou, 7th reprint. Athens: Psichogios.
. 2020. Ο Καπετάν Βράκας και η Eισβολή των Υπερβολικά Άτακτων Τραπεζοκόμων από το Διάστημα (και η Συνακόλουθη Επίθεση από τους Εξίσου Μοχθηρούς Σπασίκλες-Ζόμπι) [Captain Underpants and the invasion of the incredibly naughty cafeteria ladies from outer space (and the subsequent assault of the equally evil lunchroom zombie nerds), translated by Mary Grammenou, 6th reprint. Athens: Psichogios.
. 2020. Ο Καπετάν Βράκας και η Αβάσταχτη Βαρβαρότητα της Βιονικής Γυναίκας [Captain Underpants and the wrath of the wicked wedgie woman], translated by Mary Grammenou, 3rd reprint. Athens: Psichogios.
. 2020. Ο Καπετάν Βράκας και η Κατάφωρη Καφρίλα των Καφεκαμπινέδων [Captain Underpants and the preposterous plight of the purple potty people], translated by Sophia Grigoriou, 1st reprint. Athens: Psichogios.
Alborghetti, Claudia. 2017. “Gianni Rodari’s Grammar of Food: Translating Italian Food Language into English in Children’s Literature in the UK and the US.” Mediazioni 221: 1–24.
Asiain, Teresa. 2016. “The Translation of Children’s Literature: Ideology and Cultural Adaptations: Captain Underpants as a Case Study.” Ph.D. diss., University of the West of England.
Bhabha, Homi. 2001. “Unsatisfied: Notes on Vernacular Cosmopolitanism.” In Postcolonial Discourses: An Anthology, edited by Gregory Castle, 39–52. Oxford: Blackwell.
“Banana split.” 2021. In Dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
Barthes, R. 2012. “Toward a Psychosociology of Contemporary Food Consumption.” In Food and Culture: A Reader, edited by Carole Counihan and Penny van Esterik, 20–27. New York: Routledge.
“Butterscotch.” 2021. In Dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
Cantora, Laura. 2013. “Names as Cultural Referents in British Chick Lit: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Their Translations into Spanish and Italian.” Ph.D. diss., University of Leeds. [URL]
Chiaro, Delia, and Linda Rossato. 2015. “Food and Translation, Translation and Food.” The Translator 21 (3): 237–243.
Counihan, Carole, and Penny van Esterik, eds. 2012. Food and Culture: A Reader. New York: Routledge.
Daniel, Carolyn. 2006. Voracious Children: Who Eats Whom in Children’s Literature. New York and London: Routledge.
Demir, Merve. 2019. “Translating Food Items in Children’s Literature: A Case Study on Dav Pilkey’s Captain Underpants Series.” MA diss., Hacettepe University.
Dybiec-Gajer, Joanna, Oittinen Riitta, and Małgorzata Kodura, eds. 2020. Negotiating Translation and Transcreation of Children’s Literature: From Alice to the Moomins. Singapore: Springer.
Epstein, Brett Jocelyn. 2009. “What’s Cooking: Translating Food.” Translation Journal 13 (3). [URL]
Fitzpatrick, Joan. 2012. “Food and Literature. An Overview.” In The Routledge International Handbook of Food Studies, edited by Ken Albala, 122–134. London: Routledge.
Giasemi, Sotiroula. 2012. “Translating Children’s Literature in a Changing World: Potteromania and its Articulations into Greek.” Ph.D. diss., University of Cyprus.
“Gravy.” 2021. In Dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
Graziano, Alba. 2017. “Marketing Food Through Translation: An Analysis of a Hundred Menus from Lazio.” ESP Across Cultures 141: 99–114.
Hagfors, Irma. 2003. “The Translation of Culture-Bound Elements into Finnish in the Post-War Period.” Meta 48 (1–2): 115–127.
Hermans, Theo. 1988. “On Translating Names, with Reference to De Witte and Max Havelaar.” In Modern Dutch Studies, edited by Michael Wintle and Paul Vincent, 11–24. London: Athlone.
“Hot fudge.” 2021. In Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
“Jalapeno.” 2021. In Lexico.com. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
“Jell-O.” 2021. In Dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
Katz, Wendy R. 1980. “Some Uses of Food in Children’s Literature.” Children’s Literature in Education 11 (4): 192–199.
Keeling, Kara K., and Scott T. Pollard, eds. 2009. Critical Approaches to Food in Children’s Literature. New York and London: Routledge.
. 2018. “Utilizing Food Studies with Children’s Literature and Its Scholarship.” In Food and Literature, edited by Gitanjali Shashani, 201–219. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Klingberg, Göte, Mary Ørvig, and Stuart Amor. 1978. Children’s Books in Translation: The Situation and the Problems: Proceedings of the Third Symposium of the International Research Society for Children’s Literature, Held at Södertälje, 26–29 August 1976. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International for the Swedish Institute for Children’s Books.
Kwlatek, Ewellina. 2020. “Translation or Transcreation? Ghost Stories in Charles Causley’s Poems for Children.” In Negotiating Translation and Transcreation of Children’s Literature: From Alice to the Moomins, edited by Joanna Dybiec-Gajer, Riitta Oittinen, and Małgorzata Kodura, 209–225. Singapore: Springer.
McGee, Harold. (1984) 2004. On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. New York: Scribner.
“Meat loaf.” 2021. In Dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
Mussche, Erika and Klaas Willems. 2010. “Fred or farīd, Bacon or baydun (‘Egg’)? Proper Names and Cultural-specific Items in the Arabic Translation of Harry Potter.” Meta 55 (3): 474–498.
Nikolajeva, Maria. 2005. Aesthetic Approaches to Children’s Literature: An Introduction. Oxford: Scarecrow Press.
Oikonomidis, Agapios. 2015. Αγγλοελληνικό Λεξικό Όρων Μαγειρικής [English-Greek dictionary of culinary terms]. Mytilene: Self-Edition.
Oster, Ulrike and Teresa Molés-Cases. 2016. “Eating and Drinking Seen through Translation: A Study of Food-related Translation Difficulties and Techniques in a Parallel Corpus of Literary Texts.” Across Languages and Cultures 17 (1): 53–75.
Panou, Despoina. 2021. Translating Names in Harry Potter. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Pereira, Nilce. 2008. “Book Illustration as (Intersemiotic) Translation: Pictures Translating Books.” Meta 53 (1): 104–119.
“Root beer.” 2021. In Dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
“Root beer.” 2021. In Lexilogia.gr. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
“Tofu.” 2021. In Dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 10 April 2021. [URL]
Verdolini, Thais Helena Affonso. 2011. “Aspectos da Tradução e da Variação Linguística na Obra Captain Underpants (Capitão Cueca).” Ph.D. diss, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 2 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
