A Russian lesson for the twenty-first century
A clash of the author’s and the translator’s worlds in the Russian translation of Yuval Harari’s 21 Lessons for the 21st Century
Published online: 19 July 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00271.syd
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00271.syd
Abstract
In 2019, Yuval Harari, an Israeli historian and bestselling author, appeared in the center of a media debate
provoked by the discovery of considerable differences between the English text of his 21 Lessons for the 21st
Century and its Russian translation. A comparative study of the English and Russian texts of the book featured in
this paper revealed five major issues which turned out to be sensitive for the Russian censorship, namely, homosexuality,
liberalism, U.S.S.R.–U.S. “tug-of-war,” Putin and Putin’s Russia, and Putin’s aggression against Ukraine and Georgia. It is in the
presentation of these topics that Yuval Harari’s English text suffered essential transformation and reduction in the Russian
edition. The conducted analysis contributes to the long-lived debate about the author’s and the translator’s responsibility before
their readers, and the boundaries, beyond which mutilation of the source text no longer allows regarding the resulting text as a
translation. The author argues that the escalating information wars targeted at people’s minds in the twenty-first century impose
ever-increasing requirements to authors and translators of such books as Yuval Harari’s 21 Lessons for the 21st
Century in terms of intellectual integrity and professional ethics.
Résumé
En 2019, Yuval Harari, historien et auteur à succès israélien, est apparu au centre d’un débat médiatique
provoqué par la découverte de différences considérables entre le texte anglais de ses 21 leçons pour le 21e
siècle et sa traduction russe. Une étude comparative des textes anglais et russe du livre présenté dans cet article a
révélé cinq questions majeures qui se sont révélées sensibles pour la censure russe, à savoir l’homosexualité, le libéralisme, le
“bras de fer” URSS–États-Unis, Poutine et La Russie de Poutine et l’agression de Poutine contre l’Ukraine et la Géorgie. C’est
dans la présentation de ces sujets que le texte anglais de Yuval Harari a subi une transformation et une réduction essentielles
dans l’édition russe. L’analyse menée contribue au débat de longue date sur la responsabilité de l’auteur et du traducteur
vis-à-vis de leurs lecteurs, et sur les frontières au-delà desquelles la mutilation du texte source ne permet plus de considérer
le texte résultant comme une traduction. L’auteur soutient qu’au 21e siècle, l’escalade des guerres de l’information visant
l’esprit des gens impose des exigences sans cesse croissantes aux auteurs et traducteurs de livres tels que 21 leçons pour
le 21e siècle de Yuval Harari en termes d’intégrité intellectuelle et d’éthique professionnelle.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Research background
- 3.Material and method
- 4.Findings
- 4.1Homosexuality
- 4.2Liberalism
- 4.3U.S.S.R.–U.S. “tug-of-war”
- 4.4Putin and Putin’s Russia
- 4.5Putin’s aggression against Ukraine and Georgia
- 5.Conclusions
References
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